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UNIT I Gas Power Cycles Up To Diesel Cycle

This document contains information about the Applied Thermal Engineering course syllabus and Unit I on gas power cycles. It includes: 1) An outline of the 5 units to be covered in the course, focusing on gas power cycles, fuels, internal combustion engines, air compressors, and refrigeration/AC systems. 2) Descriptions of 3 common gas power cycles - the Otto, Diesel, and Dual cycles - and how to calculate their respective air standard efficiencies and mean effective pressures. 3) Details on the key assumptions made in analyzing air standard cycles, such as the gas behaving as ideal and constants like specific heats remaining the same. 4) Explanations of important ther

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Apurv Dhir
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67 views14 pages

UNIT I Gas Power Cycles Up To Diesel Cycle

This document contains information about the Applied Thermal Engineering course syllabus and Unit I on gas power cycles. It includes: 1) An outline of the 5 units to be covered in the course, focusing on gas power cycles, fuels, internal combustion engines, air compressors, and refrigeration/AC systems. 2) Descriptions of 3 common gas power cycles - the Otto, Diesel, and Dual cycles - and how to calculate their respective air standard efficiencies and mean effective pressures. 3) Details on the key assumptions made in analyzing air standard cycles, such as the gas behaving as ideal and constants like specific heats remaining the same. 4) Explanations of important ther

Uploaded by

Apurv Dhir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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31-12-2019

18MEC107T APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING

UNIT I: GAS POWER CYCLES

Presented by
C. Selvam

Syllabus…

• Unit I: Gas power cycles

• Unit II: Fuels

• Unit III: IC engines

• Unit IV: Air compressors

• Unit V: Refrigeration and A/C system

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References
1. Engineering thermodynamics, R.K. Rajput
2. Thermodynamics (An Engineering approach),
Yunus A. Cengel.
3. A Textbook of Thermal Engineering RS Khurmi and
JK Gupta.pdf

UNIT-I : CONTENTS….
1. Introduction to air standard cycles. Air standard
efficiency, Mean effective pressure. Assumptions
2. Otto cycle: Air standard efficiency, mean effective
pressure, Power developed. Tutorials
3. Diesel cycle: Air standard efficiency, mean effective
pressure and power developed .Tutorials
4. Dual cycle: Air standard efficiency, Mean Effective
pressure and power developed. Tutorials
5. Comparison of Otto, Diesel and Dual cycles
6. Brayton cycle: Concept of reheat and regeneration in
brayton cycle.

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Introduction to Gas power cycles


• A power cycles continuously converts the heat
(burning of fuel) into work in which a working fluid
repeatedly performs a series of thermodynamic
processes.
• When the operations or processes of cycle are plotted
on p-v & T-s diagram, they form a closed figure and
each operation being represented by its own curve.
• The study of thermodynamic cycles is very essential
for the power developing systems (petrol engines,
diesel engines and gas turbines etc).

Introduction to Gas power cycles


• These engines use a mixture of fuel and air for
their operations.
• Since the mass of fuel used is very small as
compared to the mass of air therefore the
mixture may assumed to obey the properties
of a perfect gas.
• It is called as gas power or air standard cycles

• The analysis of the cycles is based on the


following assumptions

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Assumptions
1. The gas in the engine cylinder is a perfect gas i.e., it obeys the
gas laws and working medium has constant specific heats.
Pv=mRT
2. The physical constants of the gas in the cylinder are same as
those of air at moderate temperatures, Cp = 1.005, Cv = 0.718
kJ/kg.K.
3. The compression and expansion processes are adiabatic and
isentropic.
4. No chemical reaction takes place in the cylinder.
5. The operation of the engine is frictionless
6. Cycle will be repeated.

Air standard efficiency and


Mean effective pressure
• Generally the Air standard efficiency can be
find out as follows,
• ƞ=Work done/Heat supplied=W/Qs
Mean effective pressure
• Pm= Work done/Stroke volume
Power developed
• P=W*m

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Important terms used in


thermodynamic cycles
• Cylinder bore
• Stroke length
• Clearance volume
• Swept or stroke volume =πdl
• Total cylinder volume
• Compression ratio

Compression ratio

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CONSTANT VOLUME OR OTTO CYCLE


• This cycle was proposed by ‘Dr. A. N. Otto’. The petrol, gas and
many types of oil engines work based on this cycle. This is the
standard of comparison for internal combustion engines.

p-v and T-s diagram

• Process 1-2: Adiabatic compression or isentropic


compression
• Process 2-3: Constant volume heat addition process
Heat supplied (Qs)=mCv (T3-T2)
• Process 3-4: Adiabatic expansion or isentropic
expansion
• Process 4-1: Constant volume heat rejection process
Heat rejected (Qr)=mCv (T4-T1)

Efficiency = Work done/Heat supplied


= W/Qs

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cv T3  T2  cv T4  T1 

cv T3  T2  cv T3  T2 

Tv  1  C
T1v1 1  T2 v2 1
Adiabatic process

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CONSTANT PRESSURE OR DIESEL CYCLE


This cycle was introduced by Dr. R. Diesel in 1897. It differs from
Otto cycle in that heat is supplied at constant pressure instead of at
constant volume.

p-v and T-s diagram

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(1)

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By inserting values of T2, T3 and T4 in eqn. (1)

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Thank you

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