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Class 10 Chapter 1 Real Number Notes

The document discusses key concepts related to real numbers: 1. It defines Euclid's division lemma and Euclid's division algorithm for finding the highest common factor (HCF) of two numbers. 2. It states the fundamental theorem of arithmetic that every composite number can be uniquely factored into prime numbers. 3. It provides theorems for determining if a rational number has a terminating or non-terminating decimal representation. The document then presents example problems at an easy, medium, and advanced level involving real numbers and number theory concepts. It also includes a value-based word problem about distributing fruits to orphanages.

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821 views4 pages

Class 10 Chapter 1 Real Number Notes

The document discusses key concepts related to real numbers: 1. It defines Euclid's division lemma and Euclid's division algorithm for finding the highest common factor (HCF) of two numbers. 2. It states the fundamental theorem of arithmetic that every composite number can be uniquely factored into prime numbers. 3. It provides theorems for determining if a rational number has a terminating or non-terminating decimal representation. The document then presents example problems at an easy, medium, and advanced level involving real numbers and number theory concepts. It also includes a value-based word problem about distributing fruits to orphanages.

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Real Numbers

(Key Points)

1. Euclid’s Division lemma:-Given Positive integers and b there exist unique integer’s q and r
satisfying
a=bq +r, where 0r<b, where a ,b, q and r are respectively called as dividend, divisor, quotient and
remainder.

2. Euclid’s division Algorithm:-To obtain the HCF of two positive integers say c and d, with c>d,
follow the steps below:
Step I: Apply Euclid’s division lemma, to c and d, so we find whole numbers, q and r such that c =dq

1
+r,0 <-r<d
Step II: If r=0,d is the HCF of c and d. If r not equal to 0,apply the division lemma to d and r.
Step III: Continue the process till the remainder is zero. The divisor at this stage will be the required
HCF
Note: Let a and b be positive integers .If a=bq +r,
0≤r<b, then HCF(a,b)= HCF(b,r)
3. The Fundamental theorem of Arithmetic:-
Every composite number can be expressed (factorized) as a product of primes, and this
factorization is unique, a part from the order in which the prime factors occur.

Ex.: 24=2*2*2*3=3*2*2*2

Theorem: LET x be a rational number whose decimal expansion terminates. Then x can be
expressed in the form
Of p/q where p and q are co-prime and the prime factorization of q is of the form of 2n.5m , where
n, m are non-negative integers.
Ex.7/10=7/21.51=0.7(Terminating)

Theorem: Let 𝑥= 𝑝/𝑞 be a rational number such that the prime factorization of q is not of the form
of 2n.5m, where n ,m are non-negative integers. Then x has a decimal expansion which is none
terminating repeating (recurring).
Ex. 7/6=7/21.31=1.1666………..(non- terminating)
Theorem: For any two positive integers a and b, HCF (a,b) XLCM(a,b)=aXb
Ex.:4&6; HCF (4,6) =2, LCM(4,6) =12;HCFXLCM=2X12=24

Ans:axb=24

STAGE(EASY)
1. If 𝑝𝑞 is a rational number (𝑞≠0).What is the condition on q so that the decimal representation of
is 𝑝𝑞 terminating?
2. Write a rational number between √2 and √3.?
3. The decimal expansion oftherationalno.43/2453 will terminate after how many places of
decimal?.
4. State whether the number(√2+√3)( √2-√3) is rational or irrational justify
5. Write one rational and one irrational number lying between 0.25and 0.32.
6. Express 107 in the form of 4q+3 for some positive integer q.
7. Write whether the rational number 51/1500 will have a terminating decimal expansion or a non
Terminating repeating decimal expansion.
8. Show that any positive odd integer is of the form 6q+1 or 6q+3 or 6q+5, where q is some integer.
9. Express 0.2545454…………..As a fraction in simplest form.

2
STAGE(MEDIUM)
1. Show that √3 is an irrational number.
2. Show that 5+3√2 is an irrational number.
3. Show that square of an odd positive integer is of the form 8m+1, for some integer m.
4. Find the LCM &HCF of 26 and 91 and verify that
5. Prove that ∛7 is irrational.
6. Show that one and only one out of n, n+2, n+4 is divisible by 3, where n is any positive integer.
7. Find the HCF of 65 & 117 and express it in the form of 65m + 117n
8. Use Euclid’s division algorithm to find the HCF of 1288 and 575.
9. Check whether 5 x 3 x 11+11 and 5x7+7X3 are composite number and justify.
10. Check whether 6n can end with the digit 0, where n is any natural number.
11. Given that LCM (26,169) = 338, write HCF (26,169).]
12. Find the HCF and LCM of 6, 72and 120 using the prime factorization method.
13. Use Euclid’s division lemma to show that the square of any positive integer is either of the form
3m or 3m+1 for some integer m.
14. Use Euclid’s division lemma to show that the cube of any positive integer is of the form 9m,
9m+1 or 9m+8 for some integer m.

Value Based Questions


Q.1 A person wanted to distribute 96 apples and 112 oranges among poor children in an orphanage. He
packed all the fruits in boxes in such a way that each box contains fruits of the same variety, and also
every box contains an equal number of fruits.
(i) Find the maximum number of boxes in which all the fruits can be packed.
(ii) Which concept have you used to find it?
(iii)Which values of this person have been reflected in above situation?

ANSWERS
STAGE EASY

1. q is of the form 2n .5m , where m and n are non-negative integers.


2. 1.5
3. After 4 places of decimal.
4. Rational number

3
5. One rational number=26/100, one irrational no.=0.27010010001………
6. 4 X 26+3
7. Terminating
10.14/55

VALUE BASED QUESTION

1. (i)No. of boxes = 16
(ii)Number System & HCF
(iii)The person is kind hearted and of helping attitude.

HOTS PROBLEM
1. State the fundamental theorem of Arithmetic.
2. Express 2658 as a product of its prime factors.
3. Find the LCM and HCF of 17, 23 and 29.
4. Prove that √2 is not a rational number.
5. Find the largest positive integer that will divide 122, 150 and 115 leaving remainder 5,7 and 11
respectively.
6. Show that there is no positive integer n for which √𝑛−1 + √𝑛+1 is rational.
7. Using prime factorization method, find the HCF and LCM of 72, 126 and 168. Also show that
HCF X LCM ≠ product of three numbers.
8. Three sets of English, Mathematics and Science books containing 336, 240 and 96 books respectively
have to be stacked in such a way that all the books are stored subject wise and the height of each stack
is the same. How many stacks will be there?

ANSWER
1. See textbook.
2. 2658 = 2 X 3 x 443
3. HCF = 1 , LCM = 11339
5. 13
8. Total no. of stacks = 14

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