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Settling Velocity PDF

The document contains observations and calculations from experiments with beads in tubes filled with different liquids. Key information includes: - Density, viscosity, and other measurements were taken for beads in tubes filled with 100% glycerol, 50% glycerol/50% water mixture, and 25% glycerol/75% water mixture. - Graphs show relationships between terminal velocity vs diameter and drag coefficient vs Reynolds number for each liquid. - An error analysis compares the theoretical Stokes and Newton velocities to the measured terminal velocities. Percent errors are calculated and range from 15-4500% depending on the liquid and model used.

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Shreecharran Sundar
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65 views

Settling Velocity PDF

The document contains observations and calculations from experiments with beads in tubes filled with different liquids. Key information includes: - Density, viscosity, and other measurements were taken for beads in tubes filled with 100% glycerol, 50% glycerol/50% water mixture, and 25% glycerol/75% water mixture. - Graphs show relationships between terminal velocity vs diameter and drag coefficient vs Reynolds number for each liquid. - An error analysis compares the theoretical Stokes and Newton velocities to the measured terminal velocities. Percent errors are calculated and range from 15-4500% depending on the liquid and model used.

Uploaded by

Shreecharran Sundar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS:

Density Difference Termina


of Viscosity in height Density l Drag Theoretica Theoretical
Liquid of Liquid of tube Diameter Material of Bead Time velocity Reynold's Drag Co-eff l velocity Velocity
Liquid (kg/m3) (Ns/m2) (m) (mm) of bead (kg/m3) (sec) (m/s) Number Force (N) icient (Stokes) (Newton's)

TUBE 1
9.136 ceramic 3.5 0.05828 1.104177 0.004303 30.932 0.08359056 0.4912137
10 ceramic 3.4 0.06 1.2441472 0.005643 31.950 0.10014864 0.51391634

100% 9.016 ceramic 2350 3.7 0.05513 1.0307726 0.004136 34.114 0.08140909 0.48797702
Glycerol 4.024 glass 14.9 0.01369 0.1142411 0.000418 280.59 0.01842801 0.34752022

3.148 glass 14.3 0.01426 0.0931214 0.0002 202.18 0.01127799 0.30737493


1250 0.598 0.204 3.18 glass 2500 15 0.0136 0.0896781 0.000206 224.72 0.01150844 0.30893325

TUBE 2
4.08 ceramic 1.5 0.336 273.23315 0.000423 0.5048 1.93040399 0.36174401
3.188 ceramic 1.7 0.29647 188.3796 0.000202 0.5066 1.17859476 0.31976463
50%
glycerol 4.048 ceramic 2350 1.38 0.36521 294.6632 0.000413 0.4239 1.90024189 0.36032261
+ 50% 5.072 glass 1.2 0.42 424.58289 0.000913 0.4512 3.35183053 0.42752226
water
5.004 glass 1.1 0.45818 456.97149 0.000877 0.3740 3.26255743 0.4246467
1136 0.005699 0.504 4.168 glass 2500 1.3 0.38769 322.06894 0.000507 0.4352 2.2634921 0.38755466

TUBE 3
3.188 ceramic 0.4 0.09378 177.24056 0.000213 5.6961 3.94406758 0.33918869
3.148 ceramic 0.6 0.09498 177.24056 0.000205 5.4843 3.84571565 0.33705406
25%
glycerol 3.12 ceramic 2350 0.7 0.09583 177.24056 0.0002 5.3393 3.77760818 0.33555175
+ 75% 3.176 glass 0.8 0.09414 177.24056 0.000236 6.2904 4.37208144 0.35779331
water
3.188 glass 1 0.09378 177.24056 0.000238 6.3620 4.40518226 0.35846861
1067 0.0018 0.299 3.18 glass 2500 1 0.09402 177.24056 0.000236 6.3142 4.38310118 0.35801855
3.188 ceramic 0.4 0.09441 178.42611 0.000213 5.6206 3.94406758 0.33918869
3.148 ceramic 0.63 0.09561 178.42611 0.000205 5.4117 3.84571565 0.33705406
25%
glycerol 3.12 ceramic 2350 0.6 0.09647 178.42611 0.0002 5.2686 3.77760818 0.33555175
+ 75% 3.176 glass 0.6 0.09477 178.42611 0.000236 6.2071 4.37208144 0.35779331
water
3.188 glass 0.8 0.09441 178.42611 0.000238 6.2777 4.40518226 0.35846861
1067 0.0018 0.301 3.18 glass 2500 0.7 0.09465 178.42611 0.000236 6.2306 4.38310118 0.35801855

TUBE 4
50% 3.18 ceramic 9.9 0.15691 49.89 0.000228 2.3973 0.78190294 0.36816048
silicone
oil + 971 0.00971 0.499 4.012 ceramic 2350 10.1 0.12437 49.74 0.000457 4.8142 1.24457323 0.41352719
50% 4.048 ceramic 8.8 0.12327 49.79 0.000469 4.9450 1.26700875 0.41537835
water
0.15791
3.16 glass 14.3 1 49.77 0.000248 2.6082 0.85608323 0.38644595
3.19 glass 15.1 0.15642 49.89 0.000255 2.6832 0.87241514 0.38827601
3.168 glass 2500 14.7 0.15751 49.89 0.000249 2.6281 0.86042332 0.38693481
0.11415
3.18 ceramic 4.3 1 36.3 0.000228 4.5301 0.78190294 0.36816048
4.012 ceramic 4.2 0.09079 36.3 0.000457 9.0974 1.24457323 0.41352719
4.048 ceramic 2350 3.5 0.08967 36.3 0.000469 9.3445 1.26700875 0.41537835

0.11487
50% 3.16 glass 14.7 3 36.3 0.000248 4.9287 0.85608323 0.38644595
silicone
0.11379
oil +
3.19 glass 22.7 3 36.3 0.000255 5.0704 0.87241514 0.38827601
50%
water 0.11458
971 0.00971 0.363 3.168 glass 2500 18.5 3 36.3 0.000249 4.9663 0.86042332 0.38693481
3.18 ceramic 1.5 0.15062 47.9 0.000228 2.6017 0.78190294 0.36816048
0.11939
4.012 ceramic 1.5 2 47.9 0.000457 5.2246 1.24457323 0.41352719

50% 4.048 ceramic 2350 1.3 0.11833 47.9 0.000469 5.3665 1.26700875 0.41537835
silicone 3.16 glass 1.7 0.15158 47.9 0.000248 2.8306 0.85608323 0.38644595
oil +
3.19 glass 1.4 0.15015 47.9 0.000255 2.9120 0.87241514 0.38827601
50%
water 0.15119
971 0.00971 0.479 3.168 glass 2500 1.4 9 47.9 0.000249 2.8521 0.86042332 0.38693481
OBSERVATION GRAPHS:

100% Glycerol-

Fig 1. 100% glycerol- Terminal velocity vs D^2


Fig 2. 100% glycerol- Drag Co-efficient vs Reynold’s Number

50% Glycerol + 50% Water-

Fig 3. 50% Glycerol + 50% Water- Terminal velocity vs D^2


Fig 4. 50% Glycerol + 50% Water- Drag Co-efficient vs Reynold’s Number

25% Glycerol + 75% Water-


Fig 5. 25% Glycerol + 75% Water- Terminal Velocity vs D^2

Fig 6. 25% Glycerol + 75% Water- Drag Co-efficient vs Reynold’s Number

ERROR ANALYSIS:

Theoretical Theoretical % Error in % Error in


Terminal velocity Velocity Stokes Newton's
Liquid velocity (m/s) (Stokes) (Newton's) Velocity Velocity
TUBE 1
0.058286 0.08359056 0.4912137 43.4144735 742.76447
0.06 0.10014864 0.51391634 66.9144 756.52723

100% 0.055135 0.08140909 0.48797702 47.6541036 785.05853


glycerol 0.013691 0.01842801 0.34752022 34.5994449 2438.3114
0.014266 0.01127799 0.30737493 -20.9449741 2054.5979
0.0136 0.01150844 0.30893325 -15.3791176 2171.568
TUBE 2
0.336 1.93040399 0.36174401 474.524997 7.6619077
50% glycerol
+ 50% water 0.296471 1.17859476 0.31976463 297.541331 7.8569675
0.365217 1.90024189 0.36032261 420.304884 -1.340132
0.42 3.35183053 0.42752226 698.054888 1.7910143
0.458182 3.26255743 0.4246467 612.065823 -7.319209
0.387692 2.2634921 0.38755466 483.837711 -0.035425
TUBE 3
0.093789 3.94406758 0.33918869 4105.25603 261.65082
0.094981 3.84571565 0.33705406 3948.93152 254.86472
0.095833 3.77760818 0.33555175 3841.86572 250.14217
0.094144 4.37208144 0.35779331 4544.0362 280.04898
0.093789 4.40518226 0.35846861 4596.90716 282.20752

25% glycerol 0.094025 4.38310118 0.35801855 4561.6338 280.76953


+ 75% water 0.094417 3.94406758 0.33918869 4077.28543 259.24536
0.095616 3.84571565 0.33705406 3922.04197 252.50801
0.096474 3.77760818 0.33555175 3815.67488 247.81573
0.094773 4.37208144 0.35779331 4513.21414 277.52663
0.094417 4.40518226 0.35846861 4565.66642 279.66533
0.094654 4.38310118 0.35801855 4530.65605 278.23922
TUBE 4
0.156918 0.78190294 0.36816048 398.287602 134.61966
0.124377 1.24457323 0.41352719 900.645803 232.47883
0.123271 1.26700875 0.41537835 927.82386 236.96356
0.157911 0.85608323 0.38644595 442.130206 144.7239
0.156426 0.87241514 0.38827601 457.717477 148.21705
0.157513 0.86042332 0.38693481 446.255433 145.65262
50% silicone
0.114151 0.78190294 0.36816048 584.972484 222.52059
oil + 50%
water 0.090479 1.24457323 0.41352719 1275.53822 357.04218
0.089674 1.26700875 0.41537835 1312.90536 363.20935
0.114873 0.85608323 0.38644595 645.243208 236.41147
0.113793 0.87241514 0.38827601 666.668547 241.21256
0.114583 0.86042332 0.38693481 650.917082 237.68954
0.150629 0.78190294 0.36816048 419.091901 144.4154
0.119392 1.24457323 0.41352719 942.425983 246.36089
0.11833 1.26700875 0.41537835 970.741781 251.03385
0.151582 0.85608323 0.38644595 464.765757 154.94185
0.150157 0.87241514 0.38827601 481.001978 158.58003
0.151199 0.86042332 0.38693481 469.066806 155.91096

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