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Unit II - Classification of Plant Material PDF

This document discusses the classification of plants based on various characteristics such as growth habit, temperature tolerance, life span, leaf shedding, root type, and habitat preference. It provides examples of ground covers, vines, shrubs, trees and describes their landscape uses and values. Trees can be classified based on their crown shape as oval, vase shaped, pyramidal, round, columnar, weeping, spreading or broad, and fan shaped which determine their landscape application. Finally, the document discusses the various uses of plants as landscape elements and their landscape values.

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Prerana Rai
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503 views

Unit II - Classification of Plant Material PDF

This document discusses the classification of plants based on various characteristics such as growth habit, temperature tolerance, life span, leaf shedding, root type, and habitat preference. It provides examples of ground covers, vines, shrubs, trees and describes their landscape uses and values. Trees can be classified based on their crown shape as oval, vase shaped, pyramidal, round, columnar, weeping, spreading or broad, and fan shaped which determine their landscape application. Finally, the document discusses the various uses of plants as landscape elements and their landscape values.

Uploaded by

Prerana Rai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS

Classification of plants

• By growth habit • By temperature tolerance


• Ground cover • Tender
• Vines (climbers, creepers) • Hardy
• Shrubs • Woody
• Trees • Flower bud hardness

• By life span • By leaf shedding


• Annuals • Evergreen
• Biennials • Deciduous
• Perennials
• By temperature requirement • By Root type
• Cool season • Tap root
• Warm season • Adventitious root
• Aerial root
• By habitat and site preference
• Xerophytes
• Shade loving
• Acid loving
• Halophytes
Classification by growth habit

Ground cover:
Any plant that vastly grows over an area of ground is called a ground cover.

Height 4” to 3’

• Provides dense soil cover


• Prevent top soil erosion and drought
• Retards weed growth

Landscape value
• Unifies different components in the landscape.
• Hedging (Non-spreading types)
• Traffic barriers
• Visual guides toward an entry.
• Soften hardscapes such as walks, steps, and driveways.
• Help define space.
• A low groundcover can provide a transition between the lawn and taller
plants used in beds.
• Create various moods.
• Attractive foliage, colorful flowers, and at times attractive fruit can add
color and texture to an otherwise "green" landscape.
• Small leaved, smooth textured groundcovers used in broad curved plantings
can convey a feeling of spaciousness. Whereas large leaved coarse textured
groundcovers create a feeling of closeness

Wedelia trilobata Medicago sativa Lantana camara


(Bay Biscayne) (Alfalfa) (Big sage)
Vines (Climbers and Creepers)

Climbers:
Plants with soft stem and grow vertically with a support.
• They rely on support like a tree, another plant, wall, trellis etc.
• Climbers have devised many crafty ways to hold or cling on the supports.

Clerodendrum paniculatum Campsis radicans Jasminum multipartitum


(The pagoda flower) (Trumpet vine) (Jasmine)
Creepers:
These plants can be grown along the top of compound, as a wall cover,
entrance arch, over pergola etc.

Examples – Bignonia venusta, allamanda, Jacquemontia, Bougainvillea etc.

Bignonia venusta Alamanda blanchetti Bougainvillea spectabilis


(Flame vine) (Purple trumpet flower) (Great bougainvillea)
Shrubs:
Small to medium-sized woody plant.
Unlike herbs, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground.
They are distinguished from trees by their multiple stems and shorter height
Usually under 6 m (20 ft.) tall.

Uses:
• Noise barrier
• Shelter belts
• Enclosures, etc.

Landscape uses:
• Hedges / ornamental shrubs (Can be pruned to any desired shape, requires
regular maintenance)

• Shrubbery (Allowed to retain their natural shape, require little maintenance)

• Flowering shrubs (Flowers throughout the year)


Landscape value:
• Basic planting

• Special effects

• Barriers

Flowering shrubs: They provide long lived, low fuss, eye fetching framework
in any garden design. The rich array of form, foliage, fruit and flowers can
yield year round rewards.

Ixora coccinea Pentas lanceolata Hibiscus rosa sinensis


(Jungle geranium) (Egyptian starcluster) (Chinese hibiscus)
Ornamental shrubs: They can be trimmed, pruned to various shapes and sizes.
Foliage shape, size, texture, form etc makes the shrub more ornamental.

Juniper chinensis Duranta repens Alternanthera bettzickiana


(Chinese juniper) (Golden dewdrop) (Calico)
Trees:
Tall woody perennial plant having a single usually elongate main stem
generally with few or no branches on its lower part.
Above 6 m (20 ft.) tall.

Can be classified as
• Flowering
• Fruit bearing
• Shade trees
• Ornamental trees

• Small trees (3-5m) • Medium trees (6-10m) • Large trees (>10m)

Cassia fistula Lagerstroemia speciosa Samanea saman


(Golden rain tree) (Pride of India) (Rain tree)
Different Crown Shapes of Trees

Oval: These plants are suitable for


frame or screen.
Populus alba, Albizzia julibrissin,
Crataeqs cerusoalli Cornus sp., Betula
pendula Cassia fistula

Populus alba
Silver leaf poplar

Vase shaped: They can be used


above the large shrubs or small
trees.
Melia azadirach, Plumeria
acutifolia. P.alba. P.obtusa,
Melia azadirachta
Saraca Indica. Almus
(Chinaberry tree) Americana.
Pyramidal: It can be used as an accent
plant.
Pinus roxburghii, Araucaria cooki.
Thuja compacta, Quercus palustris,
Stercula foedtida, Polyalthia longifolia.
Pinus roxburghii
Chir pine

Round: These plants can be


used in the lawn as specimen.
Plumeria alba, Chorisia
speciosa Mimusops elengi.
Morus rubra, Quercus.
Plumeria alba
Temple tree
Columnar: They frame the views and structure in
the landscape setting.
Betula pendula, Quercus robustaj Eucalyptus
robusta, polyelthia pendula.

Betula pendula
(Silver birch)

Weeping: It can be used as a focal


point.
Salix Babylonica, S. alba. Putranjiva
roxburghii, Callistemon lanceolatus
Salix Babylonica Tecomelia.
(Weeping willow)
Spreading or Broad: These plants
mass well to create grove effect.
Dalbergia sissoo, Dillenia Indica,
Ficus glomerata, Thespesia
populnea, Samanea saman
Samanea saman
(Rain tree)

Fan shaped: They can be used as a


focal point.
Cycas revoluta, Borassus
fladellifer, Oredoxa regia
Cycas revoluta
Sago cycad
PLANTS AS LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS

Uses: Landscape value:

• Shade • Religious
• Noise barrier • Symbolic
• Shelter belts • Ornamental
• Wind breakers • Specimen trees
• Controls air pollution • Framing
• Comfort from glare • Backdrop
• Thermal comfort • Avenues planting
• Lumber • Basic planting
• Industries, etc. • Special effects
• Barriers
THANK YOU

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