DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

JADAVPUR UNIVERSITY
M.Sc. Syllabus ( Semester System)
1ST Year M.Sc. 1st Semester

Unit 1.1 Algebra - 1

Unit 1.2 Real Analysis
Unit 1.3 Complex Analysis
Unit 1.4 General Mechanics
Unit 1.5 Differential Geometry

1st Year M.Sc. 2nd Semester

Unit 2.1 Algebra - II

Unit 2.2 Topology
Unit 2.3 Functional Analysis
Unit 2.4 Mechanics of Continua
Unit 2.5 Ordinary Differential Equation & Special Function

2nd year M.Sc. 1st Semester

Unit 3.1 Numerical Analysis Theory , 30 Marks

Numerical Analysis Practical , 20 Marks
Or
Advanced Topology (50 Marks)
Or
Discrete Mathematics I (50 Marks)
Unit 3.2 Partial Differential Equation, 30 Marks
Non Linear Ordinary Differential Equation , 20 Marks
Unit 3.3 Special Paper ( OP – A-1.1 to A-1.8)
Unit 3.4 Special Paper (OP - B-1.1 to B-1.39)
Unit 3.5 Special Paper (OP – B-1.1 to B-1.39 )

2nd Year M.Sc. 2nd Semester

Unit 4.1 Advanced Numerical Analysis Theory : 20 Marks

Advanced Numerical Analysis Practical : 30 Marks
Or
Advanced Functional Analysis (50 Marks)
Or
Discrete Mathematics II (50 Marks)
Unit 4.2 Integral Equation 25
Integral Transforms 25
Unit 4.3 Special Paper (OP – A-2.1 to A-2.8 )
Unit 4.4 Special Paper (OP - B-2.1 to B-2.39)
Unit 4.5 Special Paper ( OP – B-2.1 to B-2.39)

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 M.Sc. First Year First Semester (250 marks)

Unit 1.1: Algebra-I (50 Marks)

Groups (25 Marks) :
Homomorphism of groups, Normal Subgroups, Quotient Groups, Isomorphism
Theorems, Cayley’s Theorem.
Generalized Cayley’s Theorem, Cauchy’s Theorem, Group Action, Sylow Theorems and
their applications.
Normal and Subnormal Series, Composition Series, Solvable Groups and Nilpotent
Groups, Jordan-Hölder Theorem and its applications.
Rings (15 Marks) : Ideals and Homorphisms, Prime and Maximal Ideals, Quotient Field
of an Integral Domain, Polynomial and Power Series Rings.
Divisibility Theory : Euclidean Domain, Principal Ideal Domain, Unique Factorization
Domain, Gauss’ Theorem.
Noetherian and Artinian Rings, Hilbert Basis Theorem, Cohen’s Theorem.
Modules (10 Marks) : Left and Right Modules over a ring with identity, Cyclic
Modules, Free Modules, Fundamental Structure Theorem for finitely generated modules
over a PID and its applications to finitely generated abelian groups.

References :

Dummit, D.S., Foote, R.M., Abstract Algebra, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
1999.
Goldhaber, J.K., Ehrlich, G., Algebra, The Macmillan Company, Collier-Macmillan
Limited, London.
Herstein, I.N., Topics in Abstract Algebra, Wiley Eastern Limited.
Hungerford, T.W., Algebra, Springer.
Jacobson, N., Basic Algebra, I & II, Hindusthan Publishing Corporation, India.
Malik, D.S., Mordesen, J.M., Sen, M.K., Fundamentals of Abstract Algebra, The
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Rotman, J.J., The Theory of Groups: An Introduction, Allyn and Bacon, Inc., Boston.

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 Unit 1.2 : Real Analysis (50 Marks)

Fourier Series and Fourier Transformation .

Bounded Variation .
Functions of Bounded Variation and their properties, Differentiation of a function of
bounded variation, Absolutely Continuous Function, Representation of an absolutely
continuous function by an integral.
The Theory of Measure .
Semiring and ring of sets, σ-ring and σ-algebra, Ring and σ-ring generated by a class of
sets, Monotone class of sets, Monotone class generated by a ring, Borel Sets.
Measures on semirings and their properties, Outer Measure and Measurable Sets,
Caratheodory Extension : Outer measure generated by a measure, Lebesgue measure on
Rn, Measure space, Finite and σ-finite measure spaces.
Measurable Functions, Sequence of measurable functions, Egorov’s Theorem,
Convergence in Measure.
The Lebesgue Integral .
Simple and Step Functions, Lebesgue integral of step functions, Upper Functions,
Lebesgue integral of upper functions, Lebesgue Integrable functions, Fatou’s Lemma,
Dominated Convergence Theorem, Monotone Convergence Theorem, Riemann integral
as a Lebesgue integral, Lebesgue-Vitali Theorem, Application of the Lebesgue Integral.
References :
Aliprantis, C.D., Burkinshaw, O., Principles of Real Analysis, 3rd Edition, Harcourt Asia
Pte Ltd., 1998.
Royden, H.L., Real Analysis, 3rd Edition, Macmillan, New York & London, 1988.
Halmos, P.R., Measure Theory, Van Nostrand, New York, 1950.
Rudin, W., Real and Complex Analysis, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1966.
Kolmogorov, A.N., Fomin, S.V., Measures, Lebesgue Integrals, and Hilbert Space,
Academic Press, New York & London, 1961.
Note : This course is based on book (1), Chapters 3, 4.

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 Unit 1.3 : ( Complex Analysis)

Complex Numbers :
Complex Plane, Lines and Half Planes in the complex plane, Extended plane and its
Spherical Representation, Stereographic Projection.
Complex Differentiation :
Derivative of a complex function, Comparison between differentiability in the real and
complex senses, Cauchy-Riemann Equations, Necessary and Sufficient Criterion for
complex differentiability, Analytic functions, Entire functions, Harmonic functions and
Harmonic conjugates.
Complex Functions and Conformality :
Polynomial functions, Rational functions, Power series, Exponential, Logarithmic,
Trigonometric and Hyperbolic functions, Branch of a logarithm, Analytic functions as
mappings, Conformal maps, Möbius Transformations.
Complex Integration :
The complex integral (over piecewise C1 curves), Cauchy’s Theorem and Integral
Formula, Power series representation of analytic functions, Morera’s Theorem, Goursat’s
Theorem, Liouville’s Theorem, Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, Zeros of analytic
functions, Identity Theorem, Weierstrass Convergence Theorem, Maximum Modulus
Principle and its applications, Schwarz’s Lemma, Index of a closed curve, Contour, Index
of a contour, Simply connected domains, Cauchy’s Theorem for simply connected
domains.
Singularities :
Definitions and Classification of singularities of complex functions, Isolated singularities,
Laurent series, Casorati-Weierstrass Theorem, Poles, Residues, Residue Theorem and its
applications to contour integrals, Meromorphic functions, Argument Principle, Rouche’s
Theorem.
Analytic Continuation :
Schwarz Reflection Principle, Analytic Continuation along a path, Monodromy Theorem.
References :
Conway, J.B., Functions of one complex variable, Second Edition, Narosa Publishing
House.
Sarason, D., Complex Function Theory, Hindustan Book Agency, Delhi, 1994.
Ahlfors, L.V., Complex Analysis, McGraw-Hill, 1979.
Rudin, W., Real and Complex Analysis, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1966.
Hille, E., Analytic Function Theory (2 vols.), Gonn & Co., 1959.
Titchmarsh, E.C., The Theory of Functions, Oxford University Press, London.
Ponnusamy, S., Foundations of Complex Analysis, Narosa Publishing House, 1997.
Note : This course is based on the books (1) and (2), as described below:
Section (i) : Books (1) & (2), Chapter I. Section (ii) : Book (2), Chapter II.
Section (iii) : Book (1), Chapter III. Section (iv) : Book (2), Chapters VI, VII, IX.
Section (v) : Book (1), Chapter V & Book (2), Chapter VIII. Section (vi) : Book (1),
Chapter IX.

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 Unit 1.4 : General Mechanics ( 50 Marks)

Generalized coordinates. Virtual work. D’Alemberts principle. Unilateral and bilateral

constraints. Holonomic and Non-holonomic systems. Scleronomic and Rheonomic
systems. Lagrange’s equations of first and second kind. Uniqueness of solution. Energy
equation for conservative fields. Euler’s dynamical equations. Rotating coordinate
system. Motion related to rotating earth. Faucaull’s pendulum and torque free motion of a
rigid body about a fixed point. Motion of a symmetrical top and theory of small
vibrations.

Hamilton’s variables. Hamilton canonical equation. Homogeneity of space and time

conservation principles, Noethers theorem.Cyclic coordinates. Routh’s equations.
Hamilton’s principle. Principle of least action. Poisson’s Bracket. Poisson’s identity.
Jacobi-Poisson Theorem.

Time dependent Hamilton-Jacobi equation and Jacobi’s Theorem. Lagrange Brackets.

Condition of canonical character of transformation in terms of Lagrange brackets and
Poisson brackets. Invariance of Lagrange brackets and Poisson brackets under canonical
transformations.
References :
1. H. Goldstein : Classical Mechanics.
2. N.C. Rana and P.S. Jog : Classical Mechanics.
3. Louis N. Hand and Janet D. Finch : Analytical Mechanics.
4. A.S. Ramsay : Dynamics Part – II.
5. S.L. Loney : Rigid Dynamics.

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 Unit 1.5 : Differential Geometry ( 50 Marks)

Tensors:
Tensor and their transformation laws, Tensor algebra, Contraction,
Quotient law, Reciprocal tensors, Kronecker delta, Symmetric and skew- symmetric
tensors, Metric tensor, Riemannian space, Christoffel symbols and their transformation
laws, Covariant differentiation of a tensor, Riemannian curvature tensor and its
properties, Bianchi identities, Ricci-tensor, Scalar curvature, Einstein space.

Curves in Space:
Parametric representation of curves, Helix , Curvilinear coordinates in E3. Tangent and
first curvature vector, Frenet formulas for curves in space, Frenet formulas for curve in
En. Intrinsic differentiation, Parallel vector fields,Geodesic.

Surfaces :
Parametric representation of a surface, Tangent and Normal vector field on a surface, The
first and second fundamental tensor, Geodesic curvature of a surface curve, The third
fundamental form, Gaussian curvature , Isometry of surfaces, Developable surfaces,
Weingarten formula, Equation of Gauss and Codazzi , Principal curvature, Normal
curvature, Meusnier’s theorem.

References :
1. Tensor Calculas and Application to Geometry and Mechanics :
(chapter-II and III) – I.S.SOKOLNIKOFF.
2. An Introduction to Differential Geometry: (chapter – I,II,III,V and VI)
- T.T.WILMORE.
3. Differential Geometry:- BARY SPAIN.

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 M.Sc. First Year Second Semester (250 marks)

Unit 2.1 : Algebra II (50 Marks)

Fields (40 Marks) :

Field Extensions : Algebraic and Transcendental Extensions, Finite Extension, Algebraic
Closure of a field, Algebraically Closed Field, Splitting Field of a polynomial, Normal
Extension, Separable Extension, Impossibility of some constructions by straightedge and
compass.
Finite Fields and their properties, Galois Group of automorphisms and Galois Theory,
Solution of polynomial equations by radicals, Insolvability of the general equation of
degree 5(or more) by radicals.
Linear Algebra (10 Marks) : Canonical Forms : Similarity of linear transformations,
Diagonalization, Invariant Subspaces, Reduction to Triangular Forms.
Nilpotent Transformations, Index of Nilpotency, Invariants of a nilpotent transformation,
Jordan Blocks and Jordan Forms, Rational Canonical Form, Generalized Jordan Form
over an arbitrary field.

References :

Dummit, D.S., Foote, R.M., Abstract Algebra, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
1999.
Goldhaber, J.K., Ehrlich, G., Algebra, The Macmillan Company, Collier-Macmillan
Limited, London.
Herstein, I.N., Topics in Abstract Algebra, Wiley Eastern Limited.
Hungerford, T.W., Algebra, Springer.
Jacobson, N., Basic Algebra, I & II, Hindusthan Publishing Corporation, India.
Malik, D.S., Mordesen, J.M., Sen, M.K., Fundamentals of Abstract Algebra, The
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Rotman, J.J., The Theory of Groups: An Introduction, Allyn and Bacon, Inc., Boston.

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 Unit 2.2 : Topology (50 Marks)

Set Theory :
Countable and Uncountable Sets, Schroeder-Bernstein Theorem, Cantor’s Theorem,
Cardinal Numbers and Cardinal Arithmetic, Continuum Hypothesis, Zorn’s Lemma,
Axiom of Choice, Well-Ordered Sets, Maximum Principle, Ordinal Numbers.
Topological Spaces and Continuous Functions :
Topological spaces, Basis and Subbasis for a topology, Order Topology, Product
topology on X × Y, subspace Topology, Interior Points, Limit Points, Derived Set,
Boundary of a set, Closed Sets, Closure and Interior of a set, Kuratowski closure operator
and the generated topology, Continuous Functions, Open maps, Closed maps and
Homeomorphisms, Product Topology, Quotient Topology, Metric Topology, Complete
Metric Spaces, Baire Category Theorem.
Connectedness and Compactness :
Connected and Path Connected Spaces, Connected Sets in R, Components and Path
Components, Local Connectedness.
Compact Spaces, Compact Sets in R, Compactness in Metric Spaces, Totally Bounded
Spaces, Ascoli-Arzelà Theorem, The Lebesgue Number Lemma, Local Compactness.
References :
Munkres, J.R., Topology, A First Course, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi,
2000.
Dugundji, J., Topology, Allyn and Bacon, 1966.
Simmons, G.F., Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis, McGraw-Hill, 1963.
Kelley, J.L., General Topology, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1995.
Hocking, J., Young, G., Topology, Addison-Wesley Reading, 1961.
Steen, L., Seebach, J., Counter Examples in Topology, Holt, Reinhart and Winston, New
York, 1970.
Note : This course is based on the book (1), Chapters 1 - 5. 0.5in

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 Unit 2.3 : Functional Analysis (50 Marks)

Banach Spaces :
Normed Linear Spaces, Banach Spaces, Equivalent Norms, Finite dimensional normed
linear spaces and local compactness, Quotient Space of normed linear spaces and its
completeness, Riesz Lemma, Fixed Point Theorems and its applications.
Bounded Linear Transformations, Normed linear spaces of bounded linear
transformations, Uniform Boundedness Theorem, Principle of Condensation of
Singularities, Open Mapping Theorem, Closed Graph Theorem, Linear Functionals,
Hahn-Banach Theorem, Dual Space, Reflexivity of Banach Spaces.
Hilbert Spaces :
Real Inner Product Spaces and its Complexification, Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality,
Parallelogram law, Pythagorean Theorem, Bessel’s Inequality, Gram-Schmidt
Orthogonalization Process, Hilbert Spaces, Orthonormal Sets, Complete Orthonormal
Sets and Parseval’s Identity, Structure of Hilbert Spaces, Orthogonal Complement and
Projection Theorem.
Riesz Representation Theorem, Adjoint of an Operator on a Hilbert Space, Reflexivity of
Hilbert Spaces, Self-adjoint Operators, Positive Operators, Projection Operators, Normal
Operators, Unitary Operators.
Introduction to Spectral Properties of Bounded Linear Operators.
References :
Aliprantis, C.D., Burkinshaw, O., Principles of Real Analysis, 3rd Edition, Harcourt Asia
Pte Ltd., 1998.
Goffman, C., Pedrick, G., First Course in Functional Analysis, Prentice Hall of India,
New Delhi, 1987.
Bachman, G., Narici, L., Functional Analysis, Academic Press, 1966.
Taylor, A.E., Introduction to Functional Analysis, John Wiley and Sons, New York,
1958.
Simmons, G.F., Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis, McGraw-Hill, 1963.
Limaye, B.V., Functional Analysis, Wiley Eastern Ltd.
Conway, J.B., A Course in Functional Analysis, Springer Verlag, New York, 1990.
Kreyszig, E., Introductory Functional Analysis and its Applications, John Wiley and
Sons, New York, 1978.
Note : This course is based on book (1), Chapters 5, 6.

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 Unit 2.4 : Mechanics of Continua(50 Marks)

Principles of continuum mechanics, axioms. Forces in a continuum. The idea of internal

stress. Stress tensor. Equations of equilibrium. Symmetry of stress tensor. Stress
transformation laws. Principal stresses and principal axes of stresses. Stress invariants.
Stress quadric of Cauchy. Shearing stresses. Mohr’s stress circles.
Deformation. Strain tensor. Finite strain components in rectangular Cartesion
coordinates. Infinitesimal strain components. Geometrical interpretation of infinitesimal
strain components. Principal strain and principal axes of strain. Strain invariants. The
compatiability conditions. Compatibility of strain components in three dimensions.
Constitutive equations. Inviscid fluid. Circulation. Kelvins energy theorem. Constitutive
equation for elastic material and viscous fluid. Navier and Stokes equations of motion.
Motion of deformable bodies. Lagrangian and Eulerian approaches to the study of motion
of continua. Material derivative of a volume integral. Equation of continuity. Equations
of motion. Equation of angular momentum. Equation of Energy. Strain energy density
function.
References :
1. Y.C. Fung : A first course in continuum mechanics.
2. A.C. Eringen : Mechanics of continua.
3. L.I. Sedov : A course in continuum mechanics. Vol – I.
4. W. Prager : Mechanics of continuous media.

Unit 2.5 : Ordinary Differential Equation and Special Function (50 Marks)

First order ODE, Initial value problems , existence theorem , basic theorems , Ascoli
Arzela theorem , Theorem on convergence of solution of initial value problems ,
Picard - Lindelof theorem , Peano’s existence theorem and corollaries . Variation of
parameters, Lagrange’s identity, adjoint and self-adjoint equations. Green’s function .
Linear differential equation in complex plane, Fundamental system of integrals ,
singularities of differential equation , Integrals near a nonessential singularity ,
Regular integrals , Contour integral solution of Hypergeometric equation , Legendre
equation , Bessel equation in the complex plane and their properties .

References :
1. Codington ,E.A and Levinson , N ., Theory of ordinary differential equation ,
Mcgraw Hill .
2. Estham , Ordinary differential equation .
3. Hartman , P , Ordinary differential equation , John wiley and sons
4. Reid , W.T . Ordinary differential equation , John wiley and sons .
5. Burkhill , J .C ., Theory of ordinary differential equation
6. Ince , E .L . Ordinary differential equation , Dover

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 M.Sc. Second year First Semester (250 Marks)

Unit 3.1: Numerical Analysis (Theory :30, Practical: 20)

Numerical Analysis Theory ( 30 Marks):

System of linear equations and eigenvalue problem :

Operational counts for direct methods of solving system linear algebraic equations.
Gaussian operational count for inversion of a matrix. Eigenvalue problem. General
iterative method. Jacobi and Gauss. Seidel method. Relaxation method. Necessary and
sufficient conditions for convergence. Speed of convergence. S.O.R. and S.U.R. methods.
Gerschgorin’s ircle theorem. Determination of eigenvalue by iterative methods..
Ill conditioned system .

System of non-linear method equations :

Newton’s method. Existence of roots. Stability and convergence under variation of initial
approximations. General iterative method for the system : x = g(x) and its sufficient
condition for convergence. The method of steepest descent.
Finite difference method :
Solution of partial differential equations by finite difference method. Partial difference
quotients. Discretization error. Idea of convergence and stability. Explicit and Crank-
Nicolson implicit method of solution of one dimensional heat conduction equation :
convergence and stability. Standard and diagonal five point formula for solving Laplace
and Poission equations. Explicit and Implicit method of solving Cauchy problem of one-
dimensional wave equation. CFL conditions of stability and convergence. Finite
difference approximations in polar coordinates.

Numerical Analysis Practical ( 20 Marks) :

List of Practical Problems

1. Gauss-Jordon method.
2. Inverse of a matrix
3. S.O.R. / S.U.R. method
4. Relaxation method
5. Solution of one dimensional heat conduction equation by
i) Explicit and
ii) Crank-Nicolson implicit method.
6. Solution of Laplace equation.
7. Solution of Poisson equation.
8. Solution of one-dimensional wave equation.

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References :

1. Computing methods ; Berzin and Zhidnov.

2. Analysis of Numerical methods : Isacson and Keller.
3. A first course in Numerical Analysis : Ralston and Rabinowitz.
4. Numerical solution of differential equations : M.K.Jain.
5. Numerical solution of partial differential equations : G.D.Smith.
6. The finite element method in structural and continuum mechanics :
O.C.Zienkiewics.
7. The finite elements method in partial differential equations : A.R.Mitchell.
8. An introduction to boundary element methods : Prem K. Kytbe.
9. Computational Mathematics : B.P.Demidovich and J.A.Maron.
10. Applied Numerical Methods : A. Gourdin & M. Boumahrat.

Unit 3.1: Advanced Topology

Countability and Separation Axioms :

Countability Axioms, The Separation Axioms, Equation spaces, Lindelöf spaces, Regular
spaces, Normal spaces, Urysohn Lemma, Tietze Extension Theorem.
Nets and Filters :
Directed Sets, Nets and Subnets, Convergence of a net, Ultranets, Partially Ordered Sets
and Filters, Convergence of a filter, Ultrafilters, Basis and Subbase of a filter, Nets and
Filters in Topology.

Tychonoff Theorem & Compactification :

Tychonoff Theorem, Completely Regular spaces, Local Compactness, One-point
compactification, Stone-Cech Compactification.

Metrization:
Urysohn Metrization Theorem, Topological Imbedding, Imbedding Theorem of a regular
space with countable base in Rn, Partitions of Unity, Topological m-Manifolds,
Imbedding Theorem of a compact m-manifold in Rn.
Local Finiteness, Nagata-Smirnov Metrization Theorem, Paracompactness, Stone’s
Theorem, Local Metrizability, Smirnov Metrization Theorem.
Uniform Spaces.

Complete Metric Spaces & Function Spaces:

Complete Metric Spaces, The Peano Space-Filling Curve, Hahn-Mazurkiewicz Theorem
(statement only).
Compactness in Metric Spaces, Equicontinuity, Pointwise and Compact Convergence,
The Compact-Open Topology, Stone-Weierstrass Theorem, Ascoli’s Theorem, Baire
Spaces, A Nowhere Differentiable Function.
An Introduction to Dimension Theory, Topological notion of (Lebesgue)dimension.

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References :
Munkres, J.R., Topology, A First Course, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi,
2000.
Dugundji, J., Topology, Allyn and Bacon, 1966.
Simmons, G.F., Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis, McGraw-Hill, 1963.
Kelley, J.L., General Topology, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1995.
Bourbaki, N., Topologie Générale.
Hocking, J., Young, G., Topology, Addison-Wesley Reading, 1961.
Steen, L., Seebach, J., Counter Examples in Topology, Holt, Reinhart and Winston, New
York, 1970.

Note : This course is based on the books [1]; Chapters 4 - 7 and [4]. 0.6in

Unit 3.1: Discrete Mathematics – I

Graph Theory
Introduction to Graphs : The concept of a graph, Paths in graphs, Graphs and graph
models, Graph terminology and special types of graphs, Bipartite graphs, Complete
graphs, External graphs, Intersection graphs, Operations on graph, Graph Isomorphism.

Blocks : Cutpoints, bridges and blocks. Block graphs and cutpoint graphs.

Trees : Introduction to trees and characterizations, Applications of Trees, Spanning Trees,

Minimum Spanning Trees, Trees in computer science, Centers and centroids, Block-
cutpoint trees, Independent cycles and cocycles, Matroids.
Connectivity : Connectivity and line-connectivity, Graphical version of Menger's
theorem.
Traversability : Eulerian Graphs, Hamiltonian Graphs.
Coverings and Matching : Coverings and independence, Critical points and lines,
Matching, Maximum Matching Problem, Minimum covering problems.
Representing Graphs : Adjacency matrix, Incidence matrix, Cycle matrix.

Planarity : Plane and planar graphs, Outerplanar graphs, Kuratowski's theorem, other
characterizations of planar graphs.

Colorability : Vertex coloring, Chromatic number, Edge coloring, Five color theorem,
Four color conjecture, Unique colorable graphs.
Directed Graphs : Basic definitions, Type of Connectedness, Covers and Bases, Distance
concepts and matrices, Connectivity, Acyclic digraphs, Cycles and traversability,
Orientations and Tournaments.
Network Flows : Max Flow – Min Cut Theorem, Menger's Theorem.

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Text Books :
1. Graph Theory, F. Harary, Narosa Publishing House, 1993.

References :
1. Introduction to Graph Theory, Douglas B. West, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi 1999.
2. Basic Graph Theory, K.R. Parthasarathi, Tata McGraw-Hill Publ. Co. Ltd., New
Delhi, 1994.
3. Graph Theory with Applications to Engineering and Computer Science, Narsingh
Deo, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi, 1997.
4. Applied Combinatorics, Fred S. Roberts, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.

Unit 3.2: PDE and Nonlinear ODE

Theory of Partial Differential Equations
Introduction, Cauchy-kowalewski’s theorem (statement only) classification of second
order partial differential equations to Hyperbolic,. Elliptic and Parabolic types. Reduction
of linear and quasilinear equations in two independent variables to their canonical forms,
characteristic curves. Well-posed and ill-posed problems.
(i) Hyperbolic Equations:
The equation of vibration of s string. Formulation of mixed initial and boundary value
problem. Existence, uniqueness and continuous dependence of the solution to the initial
conditions. D’Alembert’s formula for the vibration of an infinite string. The domain of
dependence, the domain of influence use of the method of separation of variables for the
solution of the problem of vibration of a string. Investigation of the conditions under
which the infinite series solution convergence and represents the solution. Riemann
method of solution, Problems, Transmere of vibration of membrances. Rectangular and
circular membranes problems.
(ii) Elliptic Equations :
Occurrence of Laplace’s equation. Fundamental solutions of laplace’s equation in two
and three independent variables. Laplace equation in polar, Spherical polar and in
cylindrical polar coordinates, Minimum – Maximum theorem and its consequences.
Boundary value problems, Dirichlets and Neumann’s interior and exterior problems
uniqueness and continuous dependence of the solution on the boundary conditions. Use
of the separation of variables method for the solution of Laplace’s equations in two and
three dimensions interior and exterior Dirichlet’s problem for a circle, and a semi circle,
steady-state heat flow equation Problems, Higher dimensional problems, Dirichlet’s
problem for a cube, cylinder and sphere, Green’s function for the Laplace equation, in
two and three dimensions.

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(iii) Parabolic Equation :
Conduction of heat in a bounded strip, First boundary value problem Maximum-
Minimum theorem and its consequences , uniqueness, continuous dependence of the
solution and existence of the solution. Conduction of heat in a infinite strip (Cauchy
problem), Problems.
Non-linear ODE
Flows , phase space , existence and uniqueness of solution (statement only)
Defination of stability , Lyapunov function , fixed points and their nature ,
saddlepoint , node , focus points , stable , unstable and center subspaces . Hartman-
Grotman theorem (statement only) , Poincare map , periodic orbits , invariant sets
,limit points and limit cycles , attracting and repelling sets , trapping regions , two
dimensional flow , Poincare Benedixon theorem (statement only) bifurcation .

References :
1. Sneddon I.N. : Elements of Partial Differential Equations, Mcgraw Hill.
2. Williams W.E. : Partial Differential Equations.
3. Miller F.H. : Partial Differential Equations
4. Petrovsky. I.G : Lectures on Partial differential equations.
5. Courant and Hilbert : Methods of Mathematical Physics, Vol – II

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 Unit 3.3 : Any One Course from A -1.1 to A-1.8*

A - 1.1 : Advanced Algebra – I

A - 1.2 : Algebraic Topology
A - 1.3 : Introduction to Algorithms - I
A - 1.4 : Fluid Mechanics I
A - 1.5 : Mathematical Modelling of Biological Systems I
A - 1.6 : Mathematical Theory of Elasticity I
A - 1.7 : Principles of Operations Research I
A - 1.8 : Non-Relativisitic Quantum Mechanics

(* Choice of course in unit 4.3 will depend on this course, if a student opts for A-1.5 then
the student has to go for A-2.5 in unit 4.3)

A – 1.1 : Advanced Algebra - I ( 50 Marks )

Modules Theory (20 Marks) :

Modules and Module Homomorphisms, Submodules and Quotient Modules, Operations

on submodules, Direct Sum and Product, Finitely Generated Modules, Free Modules.
Tensor Products of modules, Universal Property of the tensor product, Restriction and
Extension of Scalars, Algebras.
Exact Sequences, Projective, Injective and Flat Modules, Five Lemma, Projective
Modules and HomR(M,-), injective modules and HomR(-,M), Flat modules and M ⊗ R - .

Note : This course is based on the books [2]; Chapter 2 and [1]; Chapter 10.

Commutative Ring Theory (30 Marks) :

Rings and Ring Homomorphisms, Ideals, Quotient Rings, Zero-divisors, Nilpotent

elements, Units, Prime and Maximal ideals, Nilradical and Jacobson radical, Nakayama’s
Lemma, Operations on Ideals, Prime Avoidance, Chinese Remainder Theorem,
Extension and Contraction of ideals.
Rings and Modules of Fractions, Local Properties, Extended and contracted ideals in
rings of fractions.
Noetherian Rings, Primary Decomposition in Noetherian Rings.
Integral Dependence, Lying-Over Theorem, Going-Up Theorem, Integrally Closed
Domains, Going-Down Theorem, Noether Normalization, Hilbert Nullstellensatz.
Transcendence Base, Separably Generated Extensions, Schmidt and Lüroth Theorems.
Note : This course is based on the book [2]; Chapters 1, 3, 4, 5.

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 References :

Dummit, D.S., Foote, R.M., Abstract Algebra, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
1999.
Atiyah, M., MacDonald, I.G., Introduction to Commutative Algebra, Addison-Wesley,
1969.
Lang, S., Algebra, Addison-Wesley, 1993.
Lam, T.Y., A First Course in Non-Commutative Rings, Springer Verlag.
Hungerford, T.W., Algebra, Springer.
Jacobson, N., Basic Algebra, II, Hindusthan Publishing Corporation, India.
Malik, D.S., Mordesen, J.M., Sen, M.K., Fundamentals of Abstract Algebra, The
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Curtis, C.W., Reiner, I., Representation Theory of Finite Groups and Associated
Algebras, Wiley-Interscience, NY.

A – 1.2 : Algebraic Topology : 50 Marks

Algebraic Topology (50 Marks)

The Fundamental Group and Covering Spaces (25 marks) :

Homotopy of paths, Fundamental Group, Covering Spaces, Fundamental Group of the

Circle, Fundamental Group of the Punctured Plane, Special Van Kampen Theorem,
Fundamental Group of Sn, Seifert - Van Kampen Theorem (statement and applications),
Fundamental Group of Surfaces.
Essential and Inessential Maps, Borsuk - Ulam Theorem for S2, Fundamental Theorem of
Algebra, Vector Fields and Fixed Points, Brouwer’s Fixed-Point Theorem for the disc,
Homotopy Type, Deformation Retract, Strong Deformation Retract.
Jordan Separation Theorem, Jordan Curve Theorem (statement only).
Classification of Covering Spaces, General Lifting Lemma, Existence of Coverings,
Semilocally Simply Connectivity, Deck Transformations.

Note : This course is based on the book [1]; Chapter 8.

Simplicial Homology (25 Marks) :

Geometric Complexes and Polyhedra, Orientation of Geometric Complexes.

Chains, Cycles, Boundaries and Homology Groups, Examples of Homology Groups, The
Structure of Homology Groups, Euler - Poincaré Theorem, Pseudomanifolds and the
Homology Groups of Sn`.

Simplicial Approximation, Induced Homomorphisms on the Homology Groups, Brouwer

Fixed Point Theorem and Related Results.

Note : This course is based on the book [2]; Chapters 1 - 3.

17
References :

Munkres, J.R., Topology, A First Course, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi,
2000.
Croom, F.H., Basic Concepts of Algebraic Topology, Springer, NY, 1978.
Bredon, G.E., Topology and Geometry, Springer, India, 2005.
Spanier, E.H., Algebraic Topology, McGraw-Hill, 1966.
Singer, I.M., Thorpe, J.A., Lecture Notes on Elementary Topology and Geometry,
Springer, India, 2003 .
Hatcher, A., Algebraic Topology, Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Dieudonné, J., A History of Algebraic and Differential Topology, 1900 - 1960,
Birkhäuser, 1989.

A – 1.3 : Introduction to Algorithms - I : 50 marks

Theory - 35, Assignment - 15 (Computer lab access is necessary and mandatory)

Algorithms : Introduction and Basic Concepts: Introduction to complexity of algorithms

and different asymptotic notations. Complexity measures, worst-case and average-case
complexity functions, problem complexity. 10 Lectures

Induction and Recursion : Mathematical Induction, Strong Induction and Well-Ordering,

Recursive Definitions and Structural Induction, Recursive Algorithms, Program
Correctness 10 Lectures

Designing Algorithms: Recurrence relations, Solving linear recurrence relations, Divide-

and-conquer approach, The Master method. 10 Lectures

Data Structure: Introduction to ADT, implementations of basic data structures, array,

stack, queue, dequeue, priority queue, linked list, binary tree and traversal algorithms,
threaded tree, m-ary tree, heap, generalized list and garbage collection. 15 Lectures

Searching: Fibonacci search, binary search tree, Searching in static table - binary search,
path lengths in binary trees and applications, optimality of binary search in worst case
and average-case, binary search trees, construction of optimal weighted binary search
trees; Searching in dynamic table - randomly grown binary search trees, AVL and (a,b)
trees. 20 Lectures

Hashing: Techniques, analysis with chaining and open addressing. 7 Lectures

Sorting and selection: Finding maximum and minimum, k largest elements in order;
Sorting by selection, tournament and heap sort, lower bound for sorting, quick sort,
merge sort and sorting in linear time; Selection of k-th largest element. 20 Lectures

Union-Find problem: Tree representation of a set, weighted union and path compression-
analysis and applications. 8 lectures

18
Text books :
1. T. H. Cormen, C.E. Leiserson and R.L.Rivest: Introduction to Algorithms, Prentice
Hall of India, New Delhi, 1998.

References:
1. A. M. Tannenbaum and M. J. Augesestein: Data Structures Using PASCAL, Prentice
Hall, New Jersey, 1981.
2. E. Horowitz and S. Sahni: Fundamentals of Data Structures, CBS, New Delhi, 1977.
3. A. Aho, J. Hopcroft, and J. Ullman: Data Structures and Algorithms, Addison-Wesley,
Reading, Mass., 1983.
4. E. Horowitz and S. Sahni: Fundamental of Computer Algorithms, Galgotia
Pub./Pitman, New Delhi/London, 1987/1978.

A– 1.4 : Fluid Mechanics I (50 marks)

Lagrange’s and Euler’s methods in fluid motion. Equation of motion and equation of
continuity, Boundary conditions and boundary surface stream lines and paths of particles.
Irrotational and rotational flows, velocity potential. Bernoulli”s equation. Impulsive
action equations of motion and equation of continuity in orthogonal curvilinear co-
ordinate. Euler’s momemtum theorem and D’Alemberts paradox.
Theory of irrotational motion flow and circulation. Permanence irrotational motion.
Connectivity of regions of space. Cyclic constant and acyclic and cyclic motion. Kinetic
energy. Kelvin’s minimum. Energy theorem. Uniqueness theorem.
Dimensional irrotational motion.
Function. Complex potential, sources. sinks, doublets and their images circle theorem.
Theorem of Blasius. Motion of circular and elliptic cylinders. Circulation about circular
and elliptic cylinder. Steady streaming with circulation. Rotation of elliptic cylinder.
Theorem of Kutta and Juokowski. Conformal transformation. Juokowski transformation.
Schwartz-chirstoffel theorem.
Motion of a sphere. Stoke’s stream function. Source, sinks, doublets and their images
with regards to a plane and sphere.
Vortex motion. Vortex line and filament equation of surface formed by stream lines and
vortex lines in case of steady motion. Strength of a filament. Velocity field and kinetic
energy of a vortex system. Uniqueness theorem rectilinear vortices. Vortex pair. Vortex
doublet. Images of a vortex with regards to plane and a circular cylinder. Angle infinite
row of vortices. Karman’s vortex sheet
Waves: Surface waves. Paths of particles. Energy of waves. Group velocity. Energy of a
long wave.

19
 Reference Books:

1. Hydrodynamics –A.S.Ramsay(Bell)
2. Hydrodynamics – H. Lamb(Cambridge)
3. Fluid mechanics – L.D.Landou and E.M.Lifchiz(Pergamon),1959
4. Theoritical hydrodynamics –L.M.Thomson
5. Theoritical aerodynamics –I.M.Milne-Thomson;Macmillan, 1958
6. Introduction to the theory of compressible flow –Shih-I.Pai; Van Nostrand, 1959
7. Inviscid gas dynamics – P.Niyogi, Mcmillan, 1975(india)
8. Gas dynamics – K.Oswatitsch(english tr.) academic press, 1956

A – 1.5 : Mathematical Modelling of Biological Systems I : 50 Marks

(Qualitative Theory of Linear and Nonlinear systems)

Linear systems:
Linear autonomous systems, existence, uniqueness and continuity of solutions,
diagonalization of linear systems, fundamental theorem of linear systems, the phase paths
of linear autonomous plane systems, complex eigen values, multiple eigen values,
similarity of matrices and Jordon canonical form, stability theorem, reduction of higher
order ODE systems to first order ODE systems, linear systems with periodic coefficients.

Nonlinear systems:
The flow defined by a differential equation, linearization of dynamical systems (two,
three and higher dimension), Stability: (i) asymptotic stability (Hartman’s theorem), (ii)
global stability (Liapunov’s second method).

Periodic Solutions (Plane autonomous systems):

Translation property, limit set, attractors, periodic orbits, limit cycles and separatrix,
Bendixon criterion, Dulac criterion, Poincare-Bendixon Theorem, index of a point, index
at infinity.
Bifurcation and Center Manifolds:
Stability and bifurcation, saddle-node, transcritical and pitchfork bifurcations, hopf-
bifurcation, center manifold (linear approximation).

Linear difference equations:

Difference equations, existence and uniqueness of solutions, linear difference equations
with constant coefficients, systems of linear difference equations, qualitative behavior of
solutions to linear difference equations.

Nonlinear difference equations (Map):

Steady states and their stability, the logistic difference equation, systems of nonlinear
difference equations, stability criteria for second order equations, stability criteria for
higher order system.

Chaos:
One-dimensional logistic map and chaos.References:

20
 1. D. W. Jordan and P. Smith (1998): Nonlinear Ordinary Equations- An Introduction
to Dynamical Systems (Third Edition), Oxford Univ. Press.
2. L. Perko (1991): Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems, Springer Verlag.
3. F. Verhulust (1996): Nonlinear Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems,
Springer Verlag.
4. Alligood, Sauer, Yorke (1997): Chaos- An Introduction to Dynamical Systems,
Springer Verlag.
5. W. G. Kelley and A. C. Peterson (1991): Difference Equations- An Introduction
with Applications, Academic Press.

A – 1.6 : Mathematical Theory of Elasticity I (50 Marks)

Analysis of Stress : State of stress in a body. Stress equations of eqilibrium. Symmetry

of stress tensor. Boundary conditions in terms of given surface forces. Principal stresses
and invariants. Cauchy stress. Quadratic surface. Maximum normal and and shear
stresses, Mohr’s diagram.Beltrami-Michel Compatibility equations. Problems.

Analysis of Strains : Infinitisimal strains. Strain quadratic of Cauchy. Principal strains

and invariants. Saint Venants compatibility equations. Finite deformations. Problems.

Equations of Elasticity : Hooke’s law. Generalized Hooke’s law.Various cases of

Elastic symmetry of a body. The strain energy function and its connection with Hooke’s
law. Betti’s identity. Clapeyrons formula and Clapeyrons theorem. Fundamental
boundary value problems. Uniqueness and existence of solutions. Saint Venant’s
principle.

Inverse and semi-inverse methods of solution :.Extension, Bending, Torsion and

Flexure of beams : Solution of torsion problem as Dirichlet or Neumann boundary value
problem. Prandtl’s Analogy. Conformal mapping and the general problem of Flexure.
Transverse bending. Problem of Torsion and Flexure for circular and elliptic bar. Torsion
of circular shafts of variable diameter.

Plane problems : Plane strain and plane stress. Generalized plane stress. Airy’s stress
function. Solution of plane problems by means of polynormials. General Equations of the
plane problems in polar co ordinates.

Reference:

1. A Treatise on The Mathematical Theory of Elasticity – A. E. Love

2. Mathematical Theory of Elasticity - I. S. Sokolnikoff
3. Theory of Elasticity – S. Timoshenko and J. N. Goodier
4. Elasticity Theory and Applications – A. S. Saada
5. Foundations of Solid Mechanics – Y. C. Fung
6. Theory of Elasticity – Y. A. Amenzade
7. Applied Elasticity – Zhilun Xu
8. Wave Propagations in Elastic Solids – J. D. Achenbach
9. Elasto-dynamics – A. C. Eringen
10. Wave Motion in Elastic Solids – K. F. Graff
11. Applied Elastity – Chi-The Wang.

21
 A- 1.7 : Principles of Operations Research I : 50 marks

1. Allocation Problems

(i) Transportation Problems

Mathematical representation of transportation problems, Unbalanced transportation
problems, Degenerate transportation problems, Resolution of degeneracy.
(ii) Assignment Problems
Mathematical representation of assignment problems, Reduction theorems, Solution
methods of assignment problems, Hungarian method of zero assignment technique,
Restriction assignment, Negative cost etc, Variations of assignment problem, Multiple
optimal solution, Maximization in assignment problem, Unbalanced assignment problem
(iii) Travelling Salesman Problem/ Routing Problem
Origin of travelling salesman problem, Symmetrical and asymmetrical problems,
Mathematical representation of problems, Solution techniques for such problems using
zero assignment/unit assignment etc.

2. Competitive Strategy (Game Theoretic Problems)

Introduction, Minimax/Maximin criterion, Payo®s, Rectangular games, Strategies, Pure

and Mixed strategy problems, Saddle point, Graphical method of solving 2 x n and m x 2
games, Dominance principle, Equivalence of rectangular games and L.P.P. solution by
Simplex method.

3. Queueing Theory (Theory of Waiting Lines)

Introduction, Queueing system, Queue disciplines FIFO, FIFS, LIFO, SIRO, FILO etc.
The Poisson process (Pure birth process), Arrival distribution theorem, Properties of
Poisson process, Distribution of inter arrival times (exponential process), Markovian
property of inter arrival times, Pure death process (Distribution of departures), Derivation
of service time distribution, Analogy of exponential service times with Poisson arrivals,
Erlang service time distribution, Kendals notations, Probabilistic queueing models
(M=M=1) : (1=FCFS), General Erlang model, (M=M=1) : (N=FCFS); (M=M=S) :
(1=FCFS) and their properties.

Reference Books
1. Operations Research - S.D. Sharma
2. Operations Research - Kanti Swarup, P.K. Gupta and Manmohan
3. OR methods and Problems - Sasieni Maurice, Arther Yaspan, Lawrence Friedman
4. Operations Research - H.S. Taha
5. Operations Resarch - T.L. Satty

22
A-1.8 Non-Relativisitic Quantum Mechanics (50 Marks)
Bohr’s postulates of Quantum Mechanics. De Broglie’s Wave. Heisenberg’s principle of
uncertainty. Probabilistic description. Schrödinger equation: Square well potential. One
dimensional harmonic oscillator. Minimum uncertainty product. Momentum eigen
functions. Box normalization. Orbital angular momentum. Hydrogen atom.
Different approaches to quantum mechanics: Schrödinger representation, Heisenberg
approach. Harmonic oscillator and Angular momentum as examples.

Time independent pertubation theory. Spin: two component wave function.

Pauli’s spin matrices. Variation method. Ground state energy level of helium atom as an
application of variational method. Indistinguishable particles.
Exclusion principle. Multiplet structure of spectral line: exchange degeneracy. Zeeman
effect- Normal and Anomalous. Pauli’s equation. Density matrix. Application of density
matrix for Fermions. Time dependent perturbation theory: Fremi’s Golden Rule.
Molecules: Hydrogen molecule: Heitler- London theory of homopolar bonding. SU(2),
SU(3) matrices and their properties.
References:

1. L.I.Schiff: “ Quantum Mechanics” (Mc Graw Hill)

2. E. Merzbacher: “ Quantum Mechanics” (John Wiley)
3. Y.R.Waghmare: “ Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics” (Wheeler Publications)
4. “ Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics” – J.E.House (Academic Publishers)
5. R.H.Landau: “Quantum Mechanics II” (John Wiley)
6. L.H.Ballentine “Quantum Mechanics ” (World Scientific)
7. P.J.E. Peebles “Quantum Mechanics ” (Prentice Hall)

23
Unit 3.4 and Unit 3.5 : Two courses from B-1.1 to B-1.39

B - 1.1 Advanced Complex Analysis I

B - 1.2 Advanced Differential Geometry I
B - 1.3 Artificial Intelligence & Soft Computing I
B - 1.4 Astrophysics I
B - 1.5 Combinatorial Mathematics I
B - 1.6 Commutative Algebra and Algebraic Geometry I
B - 1.7. Computational Biology I
B - 1.8 Computational Fluid Dynamics I
B - 1.9. Computational Solid Mechanics I
B – 1.10 Computer Graphics
B – 1.11 Database Management Systems
B - 1.12 Coupled Fields of Solid Mechanics & Plasticity I
B - 1.13 Differential Geometry and its application I
B - 1.14 Dynamical Meteorology & Numerical weather prediction I
B - 1.15 Dynamical Oceanography I
B - 1.16. Elastodynamics I
B - 1.17 General Theory of Relativity and Cosmology I
B - 1.18 Generalized function & Wavelet Theory I
B - 1.19 Graph Theory I
B - 1.20 Information Theory & Coding I
B - 1.21 Magneto Fluid Mechanics I
B - 1.22 Mathematical Ecology I
B - 1.23 Mathematical Statistics I
B - 1.24 Measure and Topology I
B - 1.25 Mechanics of Viscous Fluid and Boundary Layer Theory I
B - 1.26 Nonlinear and Dynamic Programming I
B - 1.27 Number Theory
B - 1.28 Operating System
B - 1.29 Operator Algebra I
B - 1.30 Operator Theory I
B - 1.31 Plasma Mechanics I
B - 1.32 Probability & Stochastic Processes I
B - 1.33 Production and Inventory Control I
B - 1.34 Quantum Field Theory & Statistical Mechanics I
B - 1.35. Queuing Theory and Game Theory I
B - 1.36 Renewable Bio-economic Modelling and Epidemiology I
B - 1.37 Theory of Marketing Decisions I
B - 1.38. Theory of Semi-groups I
B - 1.39 Topological Groups & Harmonic Analysis I
(* Choice of course in unit 4.4 and 4.5 will depend on this course, if a student opts for B-
1.19 and B-1.30 then the student has to go for B-2.19 and B-2.30 in unit 4.4 and 4.5 )

24
B – 1.1: Advanced Complex Analysis I (50 Marks)
The Functions M(r), A(r), Hadamard Theorem on Growth of log M(r), Schwarz
Inequality, Borel-Caratheodory Inequality.

Entire Functions, Growth of an Entire Function, Order and Type and their
Representations in terms of the Taylor Coefficients, Distribution of Zeros, Schottky’s
Theorem (no proof), Picard’s Little Theorem, Weierstrass Factor Theorem, The Exponent
of Convergence of Zeros, Hadamard Factorization Theorem, Canonical Product, Borel’s
First Theorem, Borel’s Second Theorem (statement only).

Analytic Continuation, Natural Boundary, Analytic Element, Global Analytic Function,

Concept of Analytic Manifolds, Multiple Valued Conditions, Branch Points and Branch
Cut, Riemann Surfaces.

References :

Conway, J.B., Functions of one complex variable, Second Edition, Narosa Publishing
House.
Ahlfors, L.V., Complex Analysis, McGraw-Hill, 1979.
Rudin, W., Real and Complex Analysis, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1966.
Hille, E., Analytic Function Theory (2 vols.), Gonn & Co., 1959.
Titchmarsh, E.C., The Theory of Functions, Oxford University Press, London.
Markusevich, A.I., Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable, Vol. I, II, III.
Copson, E.T., An Introduction to the Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable.
Hayman, W.K., Meromorphic Functions.
Kaplan, W., An Introduction to Analytic Functions.

B – 1.2 : Advanced Differential Geometry I (50 Marks)

Topological Manifold, differentiable Manifold, Differentiable functions, Tangent and

cotangent spaces, vector fields, Maps, Integral curves, Lie brackets, Lie algebra of vector
fields, One parameter group of transformatons, 1-forms, Submanifolds, Distribution,
Tensor field.

Symmetrisation and alteration of fully contravariant and fully

covariant tensors, Exterior algebra, Exterior derivative, Differential
forms.

Lie groups and Lie algebras of Lie group, One parameter subgroups
and Exponential maps, Homomorphisms and Isomorphisms, Lie transformation groups,
General linear groups.

25
References

1. Foundation of differential Geometry (vol-1) :- S.KOBAYASHI and

K.NOMIZU.
2. An Introduction to Differentiable Manifolds and Riemannian
Geometry : - W.M.BOOTHBY.
3. Introduction to Differentiable Manifolds : - L.AUSLANDER and
R.E.MACKENZIE.
4. Lectures on Differential Geometry : - S.S.CHERN,W.H.CHEN and
K.S.LAM.

B – 1.3 : Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing I : 50 marks

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence. Perspective of cognition. Production system.

Search strategies for AI production system. Principles of logic programming. Knowledge
representation. Structured approach to Knowledge representation. Rule based deduction
system.
Introduction to Soft Computing. Components of Soft Computing – Fuzzy Logic,
Artificial Neural networks, genetic algorithms.

References:

1. Principles of Artificial Intelligence by Nils J. Nilsson – Springer.

2. Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing by Amit Konar – CRC Press.
3. Neural Networks by Simon Haykin – Pearson
4. Genetic Algorithms by David E. Goldberg – Addison-Wesley

B – 1.4 : Astrophysics I (50 marks)

Application of General Relativity to Astrophysics

1. Compact Objects, White dwarfs, Neutron stars and Black holes. Brief history of
the formation and evolution of stars.
2. Schwarzschild exterior solution, Birkhoff’s theorem, Schwarzschild singularity,
Kruskal transformation, Schwarzschild Black hole. Motion of test particles around
Schwarzschild black hole. Kerr metric and Kerr black holes
( without deduction of solution ). Horizons of Schwarzschild and Kerr black holes.
Laws of black hole thermodynamics
( statements only ).
3. Interior of Schwarzschild metric, massive objects, Openheimer – Volkoff limit,
Gravitational lensing , Quasars , Pulsars, Supernova.
4. Openheimer-Snydder non static dust model, Gravitational collapse.
5. Accretion into compact objects, Boltzmann formula, Saha Ionization equation, H-R
diagram.

26
 References:

1. The Structure of the Universe – J.V. narlikar

2. Astrophysics – B. Basu
3. Astrophysics – B. Basu
4. Astrophysical Concept – M. Harmitt
5. Galactic Structure – A. Blauaw & M. Schmidtw
6. Large Scale Structure of Galaxies – W.B. Burton
7. The Milky Way – B.T. Bok & P.F. Bok.
8. Cosmic Electrodynamics – J.H. Piddington

B – 1.5 : Combinatorial Mathematics I (50 Marks)

General Principles of Enumeration, Counting of Sub-Sets, Partitions, Bionomial
Theorem, Multinomial Theorem.
Principles of Inclusion and Exclusion, Derangements, Rook polynomials, Arrangement
with Forbidden Positions.
General Principles of Enumeration, Counting.
Latin Square, Quasi-group, Orthogonal Latin Square.

References :

1. COMBINATORICS – Topics, Techniques, Algorithms by

Peter J. Cameron (Cambridge University Press).
2. A COURSE IN COMBINATORICS by J. H. Lint & R. M. Wilson
(Cambridge University Press).
3. DISCRETE AND COMBINETORIAL MATHEMATICS by
Ralph P. Grimaldi (AWL).
4. DISCRETE MATHEMATICS FOR COMPUTER SCIENTISTS
& MATHEMATICIANS by Joe L. Mott, Abraham Kandel &
Theodore P. Baker (Prentice-Halia).

27
B – 1.6: Commutative Algebra and Algebraic Geometry I (50 Marks)
Commutative Rings and Ideals, Ring Homomorphisms, Zero-divisors, Nilpotent
elements, Nilradical and Jacobson radical, Nakayama’s Lemma, Prime Avoidance,
Chinese Remainder Theorem.
Modules and Module Homomorphisms, Tensor Products of modules, Exact Sequences,
Projective, Injective and Flat Modules, Five Lemma, Projective Modules and HomR(M,-),
injective modules and HomR(-,M), Flat modules and M ⊗ R - ..
Local rings, Localisation, Applications.
Noetherian Modules, Primary Decomposition, Associated Primes, Artinian Modules,
Length of a Module.
Integral Dependence, Lying-Over Theorem, Going-Up Theorem, Integrally Closed
Domains, Going-Down Theorem, Noether Normalization.
Transcendence Base, Separably Generated Extensions, Schmidt and Lüroth Theorems.

References :
Atiyah, M., MacDonald, I.G., Introduction to Commutative Algebra, Addison-Wesley,
1969.
Gopalakrishnan, N.S., Commutative Algebra, Oxonian Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1988.
Fulton, W., Algebraic Curves, W.A. Benjamin, INC., 1969.
Musili, C.S., Algebraic Geometry for Beginners, TRIM 20, Hindustan Book Agency,
New Delhi, 2001.
Walker, R., Algebraic Curves, Dover, NY, 1962.
Dummit, D.S., Foote, R.M., Abstract Algebra, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
1999.
Lang, S., Algebra, Addison-Wesley, 1993.

B – 1.7 : Computational Biology I (50 marks)

1. Dynamic Modelling with Difference Equations.

The Malthusian Model. Non-linear Models. Analyzing Non-linear Models. Variations on
the Logistic Model. Discrete and Continuous Models.
2. Linear Models of Structured Populations.
Linear Models and Matrix Algebra. Projection Matrices for Structured Models.
Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues. Computation of Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues.
3. Non-linear models of Interactions.
A simple Predator-Prey Model. Equilibria of Multi-population Models. Linearization and
Stability. Positive and Negative Interactions.
4. Modelling Molecular Evolution.
Background on DNA. An Introduction to Probability. Conditional Probability. Matrix
Models of Base Substitution. Phylogenetic Distances.

References: :
1. Elizabeth A. Allman and John A. Rhodes: Mathematical Models in Biology: An
Introduction. Cambridge University Press (2004)

28
 B –1. 8 : Computational Fluid Dynamics I (50 marks)

Finite difference method:

Classification of 2nd order partial differential equations - parabolic, hyperbolic and elliptic
types. Governing equations of fluid dynamics, Introduction to finite difference
discretization. Explicit and Implicit schemes. Truncation error, consistency, convergence
and stability analysis. Thomas algorithm. ADI method for 2-D heat conduction problem.
Splitting and approximate factorization for 2-D Laplace equation. Multigrid method.
Upwind scheme, CFL stability condition. Lax-Wendroff and MacCormack schemes.

Finite Volume method:

Preliminary concepts. Flux computation across quadrilateral cells. Reduction of a BVP to

algebraic equations. Illustrative example like, solution of Dirichlet problem for 2-D
Laplace equation. Conservation principles of fluid dynamics. Basic equations of viscous
and inviscid flow. Basic equations in conservative form. Associated typical boundary
conditions for Euler and Navier-Stokes equations. Grid generation using elliptic partial
differential equations. Incompressible viscous flow field computation: Stream function
vorticity formulation, Staggered grid, MAC method, SIMPLE algorithm.

References:

1. P. Niyogi, S. K. Chakraborty and M. K. Laha- Introduction to computational fluid

Dynamics, Pearson Education, Delhi 2005.
2. C. A. J. Fletcher- Computational Techniques for Fluid Dynamics, Vol-I and Vol-II,
Springer, 1988.
3. R. Peyret and T. D. Taylor- Computational Methods for Fluid Flow, Springer 1983.
4. J. F. Thompson, Z.U.A Warsi and C. W. Martin, Numerical Grid Generation,
Foundations and Applications, North Hollamm, 1985.
5. L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Fluid Mechanics, Trans., Pergamon Press, 1989.
6. H. Schlichting and K. Gersten- Boundary Layer Theory, 8th Ed., Springer 2000.
7. J.D. Andersson , Computational Fluid Dynamics

29
 B – 1.9 : Computational Solid Mechanics – I (Theory) – 50.

Introduction  to  computational  methods  in  continuuam  mechanics.  Stages  of 

developments and features of computational mechanics. Different methods. 
Finite Element Method : 
Basic concept of Finite Element Method. Discretization of the domain. Derivation 
of  element  equations.  Connectivity  of  elements.  Imposition  of  boundary 
conditions.  Solution  of  equations.  Examples.  Finite  Element  error  analysis. 
Convergence of solution. Two dimensional problems: Finite element formulation 
of  some  axisymmetric  problems  –  Torsion  of  a  cylindrical  bars,  Transverse 
deflection  of  membranes.  Application  of  Finite  element  method  to  some  plane 
elasticity problems. 
Boundary Element Method :  
Fundamental  Concepts.  Weighted  Residual  Techniques  :  Weak  variational 
formulation,  Galerkin  method,  Rayleigh‐Ritz  method.  Choice  of  test  functions. 
Boundary and Domain solutions. Basic integral equation. Fundamental solution. 
Boundary  Integral  Equation.  Boundary  elements.  Potential  problems  using 
constant  and  linear  elements.  Bending  of  an  elastic  beam.  Quadratic  element. 
Examples.  Two‐dimensional  elastostatic  problems:  Analytical  formulation, 
Numerical  implementation,  Treatment  of  Edges  and  Corners,  examples. 
Coupling of Finite Element Method and Boundary Element Method. Examples. 

References :

1. Finite Element Method : J.N.Reddy.

2. Finite Element Procedures : K.J.Bathe
3. Introduction to Finite and Boundary Element Method : G.Beer and J.O.Watson.
4. The Finite Element Method – Vol.I (The Basis): O.C.Zienkiewicz and R.L.Taylor
5. The Finite Element Method – Vol. II (Solid Mechanics) : O.C.Zienkiewicz and
R.L.Taylo.
6. Programming the Finite Element Method : I.M. Smith, D.V.Griffiths.
7. Boundary Elements- An Introductory Course : C.A.Brebbia and J.Dominguez.
8. An Introduction to Boundary Element Methods : P.K. Kathy.
9. The Boundary Element Method in Engineering ; A.A.Becker.
10. Computational Elasticity : M. Ameen.
11. Boundary Element Techniques : C.A.Brebbia, J.C.F.Tellers, L.C.Wrobel
12. Underlying Principles of Boundary Element Method : D.J.Cartwright.
13. Programming the Boundary Element Method – An introduction for Engineers :
G. Beer.

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 B -1. 10. Computer Graphics (50 Marks)
Theory - 30, Assignment - 20 (Computer lab access is necessary and mandatory)

Introduction: Objective, applications, GKS/PHIGS, normalized co-ordinate system,

aspect ratio.
Graphics system: Vector and raster graphics, various graphics display devices, graphics
interactive devices, segmented graphics, attribute table.
Raster scan Graphics: Line drawing algorithms, circle/ellipse drawing algorithms,
polygon filling algorithms.
Geometric transformation: Homogeneous co-ordinate system, 2D and 3D
transformations, projection orthographic and perspective.
Curve and Surfaces: Curve approximation and interpolation, Lagrange, Hermite, Bezier
and B-Spline curves/surfaces and their properties, curves and surface drawing algorithms.
Geometric modeling: 3D object representation and its criteria, edge/vertex list,
constructive solid geometry, wire-frame model, generalized cylinder, finite element
methods.
Clipping: Window and viewport, 2D and 3D clipping algorithms.
Hidden line and hidden surfaces: Concept of object- and image-space methods, lines and
surface removal algorithms.
Intensify and color models: RGB, YIQ, HLS and HSV models and their conversions,
gamma correction, half toning.
Rendering: Illumination models, polygon mesh, shading, transparency, shadow, texture.
Some advance topics/applications: (i) Animation and morphing, (ii) Virtual reality, (iii)
User interface design, (iv) Fractal graphics, (v) Multimedia authoring, (vi) 3D
visualization..
References:
1. W. K.Giloi: Interactive Computer Graphics: Data Structure, Algorithms, Languages,
Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1978.
2. W. M. Newman and R. F. Sproull: Principles of Interactive Computer Graphics,
McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 1979.
3. D. Hearn and P. M. Baker: Computer Graphics, 2nd ed. Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi,1997.
4. F. S. Hill: Computer Graphics, McMillan, New York,1990.
5. D. P. Mukherjee: Fundamentals of Computer Graphics and Multimedia, Prentice Hall
of India, New Delhi, 1999.

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 B – 1.11 Database Management Systems (50 Marks)

Theory - 30, Assignment - 20 (Computer lab access is necessary and mandatory)

Introduction: Purpose of database systems, data abstraction and modeling, instances and
schemes, database manager, database users and their interactions, data definition and
manipulation language, data dictionary, overall system structure. 16 lectures

Entity-relationship model: Entities and entity sets, relationships and relationship sets,
mapping constraints, E-R diagram, primary keys, strong and weak entities, reducing E-R
diagrams to tables, trees or graphs, generalization and specialization, aggregation.
10 lectures

Relational model: Structure of a relational database, operation on relations, relational

algebra, tuple and domain relational calculus, salient feature of a query language.
6 lectures

Structured query language: Description an actual RDBMS and SQL. 6 lectures

Normalization: Pitfalls in RDBMS, importance of normalization, functional, multi-valued

and join dependencies, 1NF to 5NF, limitations of RDBMS. 10 lectures

Database tuning: Index selection and clustering, tuning of conceptual schema, de-
normalization, tuning queries and views. 6 lectures

Query optimization: Importance of query processing, equivalence of queries, cost

Estimation for processing a query, general strategies, bi-relational and multi-relational
join algorithms, algebraic manipulation. 10 lectures

Crash recovery: Failure classification, transactions, log maintenance, check point

implementation, shadow paging, example of an actual implementation. 8 lectures

Object oriented model: Nested relations, modeling nested relations as object model,
extension of SQL, object definition and query language (ODL, OQL), object relational
database model, storage and access methods. Active databases, Advanced trigger
structures, SQL extensions. 8 lectures

References:

1. H. F. Korth and A. Silberschatz: Database System Concepts, McGraw Hill, New Delhi,
1997.
2. R. A. Elmasri and S. B. Navathe: Fundamentals of Database Systems, 3rd ed.,
Addison-Wesley, 1998.

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B – 1.12 : Coupled fields of Solid Mechanics and Plasticity I (50 marks)

Theory of Plasticity :

Octahedral stress. Spherical stress . Deviatoric stress. Invariants of stress. Mohr’s strss
circle. Equivalent stress. Invariants of strain. Strain-rate-its invariants. Partition of strain
energy into spherical and deviatoric stress.

General form of yield condition for an ideal plastic. Tresca and von mises yield
conditions- physical aspects.
Strain hardening and work hardening . Brucker’s postulates, General form of flow
equations for strain hardening materials. Non-hardening materials materials . Uniqueness
theorem for non-hardening materials. Yeild condition as consequence of plasticity
conditions.
Elastoplastic problems. Bending and torsion of beams. Plane plastic problems.

References

1. R. Hill : Mathematical theory of plasticity

2. Hoffman and Saches : Intorduction to the theory of plasticity for engineers
3. Mendelson : Plasticity theory and applications
4. Nadai : Theory of flow and fracture of solids
5. J. Chakraborty : Plasticy
6. S.K. Chakravorty : Mathematical theory of plasticity
7. Frager and Hodge : Theory of Perfectly plastic solid.

B – 1.13 : Differential Geometry and its Applications I (50 marks)

Differentiable Manifold , Differentiable Curve , Tangent Space, Vector Field , Integral
Curve, Differential of a mapping, One parameter group of transformations , Cotangent
Space, r-form, Wedge Product, Exterior Product, Pull back differential form , Linear
Connection, Torsion Tensor field , Curvature tensor field , Riemannian metric,
Riemannian Connection , Riemannian manifold , Einstein manifold , Weyl conformal
curvature tensor , Almost complex manifold , Complex manifold, Nijenhuis tensor ,
Hermite manifold , Almost contact manifold , contact manifold , Killing vector field ,
K- contact manifold

References :
1. K.YANO,K.M.KON–Differentiable Manifold.
2. D.E.BLAIR–Contact Manifolds in Riemannian Geometry,Lecture Notes in
Maths.
3. R.RESNIK–Introduction to Special Theory of Relativity.
4. D.S.LONDEN–An Introduction to Tensor Calculus,Relativity and Cosmology.
5. A.N.MATREEV–Mechanics and Theory of Relativity.

33
6. D. CARMO - Riemannian Geometry

B – 1.14 : Dynamic Meteorology and NWP I (50 marks)

1 : Introduction
The physical foundation, units and dimensions.
2 : Thermodynamics of dry air
Composition of the atmosphere, variable of state, Equation of state of a perfect gas, the
Universal gs constant, mixture of the gases, molecular weight of dry air, the first law of
thermodynamics, specific heats of gases, adiabatic process, potential temperature,
entropy and the second law of thermodynamics.
3 : Aerological diagrams
Properties, area equivalence, different kinds of TD diagrams, the emagram, the skew (T,-
log p) diagram, the tephigram.
4 : Thermodynamics of water vapour and moist air
Equation of state for water vapour, specific heats of water substance, equation of state of
most air, virtual temperatur, change of phase, variation of latent heat, with temperature,
the Clausius-Clapeyron equqation, adiabatic process for saturated air, moisture variables.
5 : Hydrostatic equilibrium
The hydrostatic equation, definitionof lapse rate, the thickness equation presser height
formulae in model atmoshpheres, dry atmosphere with a constant lapse-rate, height and
lapse rate of a homogeneous atmosphere the dry adiabatic atmosphere, the isothermal
atmosphere the Us standard atmosphere.
6 : Hydrostatic stability and convection
State, unstable and neutral equilibrium the parcel method, convective available potential
energy, lapse rte for unsaturated air,lapse rate for saturated air.
7 : The equation of motion 1 : The coriolis force
Introduction, motion as observed with reference to a fixed frame of coordinates, motion
as observed in a rotating frame of coordinates, simple mathematical derivationof the
Coriolis force.
8 : Te equation of motion 2 : Derivation in various coordinates
The pressure gradient force, the spherical earth, inertia motion, The equation of motion,
Derivation of the components of the Coriolis force from the law of conservative of
angular momentum, Derivatin of the equation of motion in plane coordinates from
rotating axes, Derivation of equation of motion in rotating polar coordinates, Derivation
of the three dimensional equations of motion in spherical coordinate system, Equation of
motion in tangential curvilinear coordinates.
9 : Balanced flow
Introduction , geostrophic equation,effect of friction, the gradient wind equation, gradient
wind solutions for the anticyclonic and cyclonic cases, compatison of geostrophic and

34
gradient wind values , the cyclostrophic wind, the ‘strong roots’ the non-geostrophic
front, geostrophic front, Tropopause frontal theory.

Reference :
1. Dynamic Meteorology- A basic course : Adrian Gordon, Warwick Grace, Peter
Schwerdtfeger, Ronald Byron-Scott.
2. Dynamical and Physical Meteorology : George J Haltiner, Frank Martin.
3. Introduction to Dynamical Meteorplogy : Holton.
4. Fundamental of atmospherica physics : Murray L Salby.

B – 1.15 : Dynamical Oceanography I (50 marks)

Properties of Sea Water:
The Equation of State. Quantities related to Density. Expansion Co0efficient. Specific
Heat. Potential Temperature. Speed of Sound. Freezing Point of Sea Water. Heat Balance
of the Ocean. Surface Density Changes and the Thermo-haling Circulationof the Ocean.
Properties of Fluid at Rest.
Equation of State. Thermodynamic Variables. Balance of Forces in a Fluid at Rest. Static
Stability.
Equations Satisfied by Moving Fluids.
Mass Conservation Equation. Balance for a Scalar Quantity like Salinity. Internal Energy
(or Heat) Equation. The Equation of Motion. Mechanical Energy Equation. Total Energy
Equation. Bernoulli’s Equation. Adjustment under Gravity in a non-rotating System.
Introduction : Adjustment to Equilibrium. Perturbation from the Rest State for a
Homogenous Inviscid Fluid. Surface Gravity Waves – Dispersion. Short-wave and Long-
wave Approximations. Shallow Water Equations Derived using the Hydrostatic
Approximation. Energetics of Shallow Water Motion. Selches and tides in Channels and
Gulfs.
Adjustment under Gravity of a Density Stratified Fluid.
Introduction. The Case of two Superposed Fluids of Different Density. Baroclinic Mode
and Rigid Lid Approximation. Adjustments within a Continuously Stratified
Incompressible Fluid. Internal Gravity Waves, Dispersion, Energy of Internal Waves.
Internal Waves Generated at a Horizontal Boundary. Free Waves in the Presence of
Boundaries. Waves of Large Horizontal Scale: Resolution into Normal Modes for the
Ocean.
Gravity Waves in a Rotating Fluid.
Effects of Rotation on Surface Gravity Wave. Vertically Propagating Internal Gravity
Wave in a Rotating Fluid. Energetics. Internal Wave Spectrum in the Ocean.

35
References:
1. O. M. Philips: Dynamics of the Upper Ocean. Cambridge University Press (1966)
2. J. Pedlosky:. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics. Springer (1987)
3. G. P. Pickand: Descriptive Physical Oceanography. Oxford Pergaman Press
(1975)
4. A. E. Gill: Atmospheric Ocean Dynamics. Academic Press (1982)

B – 1.16 : Elastodynamics – I  (50 Marks) 
 
Equations  of  motion  in  an  elastic  solid.  Diletational  and  Distorsional  waves  in 
isotropic elastic media. Two‐dimensional motion. Helmholtz decomposition and 
displacement  potentials.  Propagation  of  plane  waves.  Flux  of  energy  in  time 
harmonic plane progressive waves.  
Antiplane and inplane pro 
blems. Waves in infinite media. Problems involving wave propagation in infinite 
media.  Harmonic  dilatational  wave  from  a  spherical  cavity.  Strain  energy 
function. Longitudinal waves in a thin elastic rod. Flexural vibration of thin rod. 
Transverse vibration of plates.  
Waves  in  layered  media.  Surface  waves.  Raleigh  waves.  Love  waves.  Stonely 
waves.  
 
References : 
 
1.  Elastodynamics, Vol.‐II : A.C.Eringen and E.S.Suhubi. 
2.  Wave Motion in Elastic Solids : K.F.Graff. 
3.  Stress waves in Solids : H.Kolsky. 
4.  Wave Propagation in Elastic Solids : J.D.Achenbach. 
5.  Wave Motion : J.Billingham and A.C.King. 
6.  Elastic Wave Propagation : A.Bedford and D.S.Drumheller. 
7.  Elastic Waves in Layered Media : W.M.Ewing, W.S.Jardetzky and F.Press. 
8.  On  Wave  propagation  in  Elastic  Solids  with  cracks  :  Ch.  Zhang  and  D. 
Gross. 
9.  Linear and Nonlinear Waves : G.B.Whitham. 

B – 1.17 : General Theory of Relativity and Cosmology I(50 Marks)

36
Minkowski spacet-time : Past and future Cauchy development, Cauchy surface.
DeSitter and anti-de Sitter space-times. Robertson-Walker spaces. Spatially
homogeneous space-time models. The Schwarzschild and Reissner – Nordstrom
solutions. Kruskal diagram. Causal structure. Orientability. Causal curves. Causality
conditions. Cauchy developments. Global hyperbolicity. The existence of Geodesics. The
Causal boundary of space-time. Asymptotically simple spaces.

References :

1. The large scale structure of space-time - Hawking and Ellis (Camb. Univ. Press).
2. General Relativity – R.M. Wald ( Chicago Univ. Press ).
3. A first course in general relativity – B.F. Schultz (Camb. Univ. Press).
4. Gravitation and Cosmology – S. Weinberg (J. Wiley and Sons).
5. General Relativity, Astrophysics and Cosmology – Raychaudhury, Banerji and
Banerjee (Springer-Verlag).
6. General Relativity – M. Luduigsen (Camb. Univ. Press).
7. Introducing Einstein’s Relativity – R d’Inverno (Clarendon Press, Oxford).

B – 1.18 : Generalised Functions and Wavelet Theory I (50 Marks)

Generalised Functions - 50 marks
Good function, Fairly good function, Generalised function, Ordinary function as
generalised function, Addition of generalised function, Derivatives of generalised
functions, Fourier transform of generalised functions, Limits of generalised function,
Powers of ⎢x ⎢ as generalised functions, Even and odd generalised functions, Integration
of generalised functions, Integration of generalised function, Multiplication of two
generalised functions.

Reference:

1. Generalised Functions, by D.S.Jones.

B – 1.19 : Graph Theory I ( 50 Marks )

Fundamental Concepts : Basic Definitions. Graphs, Vertex degrees, Walks, Paths,

Trails, Cycles, Circuits, Subgraphs, Induced subgraph, Cliques, Components, Adjacency
Matrices, Incidence Matrices, Isomorphisms. (10 )
Graphs with special properties : Complete Graphs. Bipartite Graphs. Connected
Graphs, k-connected Graphs, Edge-connectivity, Cut-vertices, Cut-edges. Eulerian Trails,
Eulerian Circuits, Eulerian Graphs : characterization, Hamiltonian (Spanning) Cycles,

37
Hamiltonian Graphs : Necessary condition, Sufficient conditions (Dirac, Ore, Chvatal,
Chvatal-Erdos), Hamiltonian Closure, Traveling Salesman Problem. ( 10 )
Trees : Basic properties, distance, diameter. Rooted trees, Binary trees, Binary Search
Trees. Cayley’s Formula for counting number of trees. Spanning trees of a connected
graph, Depth first search (DFS) and Breadth first search (BFS) Algorithms, Minimal
spanning tree, Shortest path problem, Kruskal’s Algorithm, Prim’s Algorithm, dijkstra’s
Algorithm. Chinese Postman Problem. ( 10 )
Coloring of Graphs : Vertex coloring : proper coloring, k-colorable graphs, chromatic
number, upper bounds, Cartesian product of graphs, Structure of k-chromatic graphs,
Mycielski’s Construction, Color-critical graphs, Chromatic Polynomial, Clique number,
Independent (Stable) set of vertices, Independence number, Clique covering, Clique
covering number. Perfect graphs : Chordal graphs, Interval graphs, Transitive
Orientation, Comparability graphs. Edge-coloring, Edge-chromatic number, Line Graphs.
References :
1. Introduction to Graph Theory, Douglas B. West, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi 2003.
2. Graph Theory, F. Harary, Addison-Wesley, 1969.
3. Basic Graph Theory, K.R. Parthasarathi, Tata McGraw-Hill Publ. Co. Ltd., New
Delhi, 1994.
4. Graph Theory Applications, L.R. Foulds, Narosa Publishing House, New
Delhi,1993.
5. Graph Theory with Applications, J.A. Bondy and U.S.R. Murty, Elsevier science,
1976.
6. Graphs and Digraphs, G. Chartrand and L. Lesniak, Chapman & Hall, 1996.
7. Theory of Graphs, O. Ore, AMS Colloq. 38, Amer.Math.Soc., 1962.
8. Graph Theory, R. Gould, Benjamin / Cummings, 1988.
9. Graph Theory, J. Gross and J. Yellen, CRC Press, 1999.
10. Graph Theory with Applications to Engineering and Computer Science, Narsingh
Deo, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi, 1997.

B –1. 20: Information Theory and Coding I (50 Marks)

Information Theory (50) :

Introduction and preview. Measure of Information. Axioms for a measure of uncertainty.

The Shannon entropy and its properties. Relative entropy and mutual information. Joint
entropy and conditional entropy, relationship between entropy and mutual information.
Jensen’s inequality and its consequences. The log sum inequality. Data processing
inequality. Problems.

Data compression : Codes. Kraft’s inequality. Optimal codes. Bounds on the optimal
code length. Kraft’s inequality for uniquely decodable codes. Instantaneous codes and
construction of instantaneous codes.

Discrete memory less channel. Classification of channels. Information processed by a

channel. Calculation of channel capacity. Cost function.

38
Continuous channels. The time-discrete Gaussian channel. The converse to the coding
theorem for time-discrete Gaussian channel. The time-continuous Gaussian channel.
Problems.

References :
1. Elements of Information Theory : Thomas M. Cover and Joy A. Thomas.
2. The Theory of Information and coding : R.J. McEliece.
3. Information Theory, Inference and learning algorithms : David J.C. Kackay.
4. Information Theory : R. Ash.
5. An introduction to information theory : F.M. Reza.
6. Introduction to coding theory : J.H. Van Lint.
7. Coding Theory – The Essentials : D.G. Hoffman,D.A.Leonard, C.C. Lindner,
K.T. Phelps, C.A. Rodger and J.R. Wall.
8. A first course in coding theory : R. Hill.
9. Error correcting coding theory : M.Y. Rhee.
10. Algebraic coding theory : E.R. Berlekamp.

B – 1.21 : Magneto Fluid Mechanics I(50 Marks)

I: Basic concepts of Electromagnetic theory :

Coulomb’s law, electric field, Gauss flux theorem and Gauss law, Polarisation,
electrostatic energy due to a system of charges, Fundamental equations of
electrodynamics, the law of Biot and Savart, magnetic induction field, Lorentz force,
Maxwell’s electromagnetic field equations. Laws of electromagnetic induction :
Faraday’s law and Lenz’s law, Ohm’s law.
II : Magneto Hydrodynamics
Equation of motion of a conducting fluid, simplification of MHD equations using
dimensional consideration (i.e. MHD approximations), magnetic Reynold’s number,
Alfven’s theorem, the magnetic body force, Ferraro’s law of isoration, Non-dimensional
form of the equation.
III : Magneto Hydrostatics
Force-free magnetic fields, Pinches, Bennett pinch or linear pinch, instability of
linearpinch, equilibrium of sunspots, Chandrasekhar’s equipartition of energy theorem.
IV : Few solutions on MHD flows
Steady laminar flow of a viscous conducting fluid between parallel walls in the
presence of a transverse magnetic field (i.e. Hortmann flow), Two dimensional MHD
equations, Couette flow, Transient Couette flow, steady flow of a conducting liquid
through a pipe of rectangular cran section in the presence of a transverse magnetic field,
unsteady flow of a conducting liquid near an infinite flat plate in the presence of a
transverse magnetic flow.

39
References:
1) An introduction to Magneto-Fluid Mechanics-V, C.A>Ferraro & C. Plumpton.
2) Magneto Hydrodynamics – T.G. Cowling.
3) Text Book on Fluid Dynamics – F. Chorlton.
4) Magneto-Fluid Dynamics for Engineers and Physicists – K.R. Cramer & S.I. Pai.
5) Magneto Gas dynamics & plasma dynamics – S.I. Pai. Home

B – 1.22 : Mathematical Ecology I (50 Marks)

The nature of ecosystems, Autotroph-based ecosystem, Detritus-based ecosystem,
Different types of population growth, Community dynamics- succession and community
responses.
Single Species Population Dynamics:
Continuous growth models – their stability analysis, Influence of random perturbations
on population stability. Insect out break model- Spruce-Budworm model. General
autonomous models. Delay Models
Population Dynamics of Two Interacting Species:
Introduction, Lotka-Volterra system of predator-prey interaction, Trophic function,
Gauss’s Model, Gause Model, Kolmogorov Model, Leslie Gower Model, Analysis of
predator-prey model with limit cycle periodic behavior, parameter domains of stability.
Competition models- exclusion principle and stability analysis. Models on mutualism.
Continuous models for three or more interacting species:
Three species simple and general food chain models- its stability and persistence. Models
on one prey two competing predators with limited resources and living resource
supporting three competing predators- stability analysis and persistence.
Biological Models Using Linear and Nonlinear Difference Equations:
Nicholson-Bailey model, modification of Nicholson-Bailey model (density dependence
in the host population), model for plant-herbivore interaction and its stability analysis.
References:

1. H. I. Freedman - Deterministic Mathematical Models in Population Ecology

2. Mark Kot (2001): Elements of Mathematical Ecology, Cambridge Univ. Press.
3. D. Alstod (2001): Basic Populas Models of Ecology, Prentice Hall, Inc., NJ.

B – 1.23: Mathematical Statistics I (50 Marks)

Review of the concepts : Population, Sample, Parameter, Statistic, Sampling Distribution.
Estimation of parameters. Unbiasedness. Consistency. Sufficiency. Cramer-Rao bound.
Rao-Blackwell theorem. Efficiency. Maximum likelihood estimators. Properties. Case of
several parameters.
Tests of statistical hypotheses. Simple and composite hypothesis. Size and power of a
test. Neyman-Pearson lemma and UMP test. Unbiasedness and similarity. UMPU and
UMPS tests.

40
Gauss-Markoff setup and least squares estimation. LS estimation with restriction on
parameters. Simultaneous estimation of parametric functions.
Multivariate normal distribution. Hotelluing T2.
References:
1. Rao, C.R. – Linear Statistical Inference and its Applications.
2. Wilks, S.S. – Mathematical Statistics.
3. Ferguson, T.S. – Mathematical Statistics.

B – 1.24 : Measure and Topology I (50Marks)

Integration:
Signed Measure, Hahn Decomposition Theorem, Mutually Singular Meausres, Radon-
Nikodym Theorem, Lebesgue Decomposition, Riesz Representation Theorem, Extension
Theorem (Caratheodory), Lebesgue Stieljes Integral, Product Measure, Fubini’s
Theorem, Differentiation and Integration, Decomposition into Absolutely Continuous and
Singular Parts.

Measure on Locally Compact Spaces: Borel Sets, Baire Sets, Baire Sandwich Theorem,
Borel and Baire Measure, Regularity of Measures, Regular Borel Extension of a Baire
Measure, Completion, Continuous Functions with Compact Support, Integration of
Continuous Functions with Compact Support, Riesz-Markoff Theorem.
References :

1. Halmos, P.R., Measure Theory, Van Nostrand, Princeton, 1950.

2. Oxtoby, J.C., Measure and Category, Springer Verlag, 1980.
3. Berberian, S.K., Measure and Integration, Chelsea Publishing Company, NY, 1965.
4. Barra, G.de, Measure Theory and Integration, Wiley Eastern Ltd., 1981.
5. Rana, I.K., An Introduction to Measure and Integration, Narosa Publishing House,
Delhi, 1997
6. Bartle, R.G., The Elements of Integration, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., NY, 1966.

B – 1.25: Mechanics of Viscous fluids and Boundary layer Theory I

(50 Marks)

Mechanics of viscous fluids –

Viscous fluids, velocity strain – tensor and stress-strain relations for viscous fluids
(statement of relations only). The Navier – Stokes equations of motion in Cartesian Co-
ordinates and statements of its equivalent forms in spherical, polar and cylindrical Co-
ordinates. Dissipation of energy due to viscosity, steady motion between parallel planes,
Theory of lubrication, steady motion in a tube of different cross-sections. Vorticity in
viscous fluids, Circulation in viscous fluids. Diffusion of vorticity, steady flow past a

41
fixed sphere, Dimensional Analysis, Reynolds number, Steady motion of a viscous fluid
due to a slowly rotating sphere.

Two Dimensional Motion

Equation satisfied by the stream function for a motion under conservative field of
external forces, Hamel’s equation, Logarithmic spirals,
Three Dimensional Motion

Stokes’ solution for a slow steady parallel flow past a sphere, stream function and the
flow pattern, Oseen’s criticism, Oseen’s solution for slow steady parallel flow past a
sphere and past a circular cylinder.

References :

1. Theoretical Hydrodynamics --- Milne – Thomson

2. Viscous flow Theory --- S.I. Pai
3. Hydrodynamics --- H. Lamb
4. A Treatise on Hydrodynamics Part II -- W.H. Besant & A.S. Ramsay
5. Text book of Fluid Dynamics --- F. Chorlton

B – 1.26 : Non-linear and Dynamic Programming I (50 Marks)

Unconstrained and equality-constrained extremum. First order and second order
necessary conditions. Sufficient conditions. Working principle for testing optimality.
Optimality with equality constraints only and with both equality and inequality
constraints. Farkas’ lemma (Forms I and II). Theorem of the alternative (Forms I and
II).Fritz-John necessary conditions. Kuhn-Tucker first and second order necessary
conditions. Sufficient condition. Working procedure for testing optimality. Saddle point
of the Lagrangian and its relation to op[timality.
Convex programming. Necessary and Sufficient condition. Generalized Kuhn-Tucker
saddle point theorem.
Quadratic programming. Necessary and Sufficient condition for optimal solution.
References :

1. Viscous flow theory, Vol.I --- S.I. Pai

2. Hydrodynamics --- H. Lamb
3. New methods in laminar boundary layer theory --- D. Meksyn.
4. Elementary treatise on hydrodynamics and sound --- A.B. Besset.
5. Modern developments in fluid dynamics --- S. Goldstein.
6. Boundary layer theory --- H. Schlichting.
7. Laminar boundary layers --- L. Rosenhead
8.
B -1. 27 : Number Theory : 50 Marks
Revision of Unique Factorization, Congruencies, Chinese Remainder Theorem.
Structure of U(Z/nZ), Quadratic Reciprocity, Quadratic Gauss Sum, Finite Fields, Gauss
and Jacobi Sums, Cubic and Biquadratic Reciprocity, Equations over Finite Fields, Zeta

42
Function.
Algebraic Number Fields and the Ring of Integers, Units and Primes, Factorisation,
Quadratic and Cyclotomic Fields, Dirichlet L Function, Diophantine Equations, Elliptic
Curves.
References :
1. Ireland & Rosen, A Classical Introduction to Modern Number Theory, Springer.
2. Niven, I., Zuckerman, S.H., Montgomery, L.H., An Introduction to the Theory of .
Numbers, Wiley.
3. Serre, J.-P., A Course in Arithmetic, Springer.
4. Cassels, J.W.S., Frolich, A., Algebraic Number Theory, Cambridge.

B – 1.28. Operating Systems (50 Marks)

Theory - 30, Assignment - 20 (Computer lab access is necessary and mandatory)

Introduction: Basic architectural concepts, interrupt handling, concepts of batch-
processing, multiprogramming, time-sharing, real-time operations; Resource Manager
view, process view and hierarchical view of an OS. 4 lectures
Processor management: CPU scheduling - short-term, medium term and long term
scheduling, non-preemptive and preemptive algorithms, performance analysis of
multiprogramming, multiprocessing and interactive systems; Concurrent processes,
precedence graphs, critical section problem – 2-process and n-process software and
hardware solutions, semaphores; Classical process co-ordination problems, Producer
consumer problem, Reader-writer problem, Dining philosophers problem, Barbar’s shop
problem, Inter-process communication. 20 lectures
Concurrent Programming: Critical region, conditional critical region, monitors,
concurrent languages, concurrent pascal, communicating sequential process (CSP);
15 lectures
Deadlocks: prevention, avoidance, detection and recovery. 15 lectures
Memory management: Partitioning, paging, concepts of virtual memory, demand-paging
– page replacement algorithms, working set theory, load control, segmentation,
segmentation and demand paging, Cache memory management. 12 lectures
Device Management: Scheduling algorithms - FCFS, shortest-seek-time-first, SCAN, C-
SCAN, LOOK, C-LOOK algorithms, spooling, spool management algorithm.
8 lectures
Information Management: File concept, file support, directory structures, symbolic file
directory, basic file directory, logical file system, physical file system, access methods,
file protection, file allocation strategies. 8 lectures
Protection: Goals, policies and mechanisms, domain of protection, access matrix and its
implementation, access lists, capability lists, Lock/Key mechanisms, passwords, dynamic
protection scheme, security concepts and public and private keys, RSA algorithms.
8 lectures
A case study: UNIX OS file system, shell, filters, shell programming, programming with
the standard I/O, UNIX system calls. 10 lectures

References:

43
1. A. Silberschatz and P. B. Galvin: Operating Systems Concepts, 5th ed., John Wiley
and Sons, New York, 1998.
2. A. S. Tannenbaum: Modern Operating Systems, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs,
1992.
3. S. E. Madnick and J. J. Donovan: Operating Systems, McGraw Hill, New York, 1974.

B –1. 29 : Operator Algebra I (50 Marks)

Banach Algebra

Definition of Banach Algebra and examples, Singular and Non-singular elements,

The spectrum of an elements, The spectral radius, Gelfand formula, Multiplicative linear
functionals and the maximal ideal space, Gleason-Kahane-Zelazko Theorem, The
Gelfand Transforms, The Spectral mapping theorem, Isometric Gelfand Transform.

C* - Algebras :
Definition of C*-Algebras and examples, Self-adjoint, Unitary, Normal, Positive and
Projection elements in C*-Algebras, Commutative C*-Algebras, C*-Homomorphisms,
Representation of commutative C*-Algebras, subalgebras and the spectrum, The Spectral
Theorem, Positive linear functionals in C*-algebras, States and the GNS construction.
References :

1. Bonsall and Duncan, Complete Normed algebras, Springer-Verlag.

2. Kadison and Ringrose, Fundamentals of operator theory, Vol. I and II,
Academic press.
3. Rickart, General theory of Banach Algebras, : Van Nostrand.
4. W. Arveson, An invitation to C*-Algebras, Springer-Verlag.
5. Palmer, Banach Algebras and the general theory of C*-algebras, Cambridge
University Press.

B – 1.30: Operator Theory I (50 Marks)

Unit 3.3 Bounded linear Operators: (50 Marks)
Resolvent set, Spectrum, Point spectrum, Continuous spectrum, Residual spectrum,
Approximate point spectrum, Spectral radius, Specrtral properties of a bounded linear
operator, Spectral mapping theorem for polynomials. Numerical range, Numerical radius,
Convexity of numerical range, Closure of numerical range contains the spectrum,
Relation between the numerical radius and norm of abounded linear operator A()
Banach Algebra:
Definition of normed and Banach Algebra and examples, Singular and Non-singular
elements, The spectrum of an element, The spectral radius.
Compact linear operators:

44
Spectral properties of compact linear operators on a normed linear space, Operator
equations involving compact linear operators, Fredholm alternative theorem, Fredholm
alternative for integral equations. Specrtral theorem for compact normal operators.

Reference Books :
1. Erwin Kreyszig, Introductory Functional Analysis with Applications, John Wiley
and sons.
2. G. Bachman and L. Narici, Functional Analysis, Dover Publications.
3. A . Taylor and D. Lay, Introduction to Functional Analysis, John Wiley and
Sons.
4. N. Dunford and J.T. Schwarts, Linear Operators – 3, John Wiley and Sons.
5. P.R. Halmos, Introduction to Hilbert space and the theory of Spectral
Multiplicity, Chelsea Publishing Co., N.Y.

B – 1.31: Plasma Mechanics I (50 Marks)

Definition of Plasma as an ionized gas. Saha’s equation of ionization. Occurrence of
plasma in nature. Plasma as mixture of different species of charged particles.

Elements of kinetic theory (Statistical approach), Single particle phase space, Volume
elements
Distribution function, Characterization of plasma with respect to the nature of the
distribution function : Homogeneous, Inhomogeneous, Isotropic, Anisotropic

Derivation of Boltzmann equation, Average values and Macroscopic variables,

Derivation of Macroscopic equations (Moment equations): Equation of continuity,
Equation of motion, Equation of energy, Assumption on the nature of the distribution
function to form a closed and consistent system of macroscopic equations (Equation of
State), Cold Plasma limit, The equilibrium state:Maxwellian Distribution, Debye
Shielding, The plasma parameter and the criteria for plasma formation,

Plasma-Single fluid approach (MHD): Approximation for MHD, Basic equations for
MHD:, Conservation of mass, Conservation of momentum, Conservation of energy,
Conservation of magnetic flux, Frozen-in-effect, Alfven theorem, Generalized Ohm’s
law, MHD equilibrium, The theta Pinch, The Z – Pinch, Axisymmetric toroidal
equilibria , Linear Stability, The energy principle of ideal MHD, The Rayleigh – Taylor
instability

First order orbit theory (Single particle motion ): Uniform E and B fields, Larmor
orbits and guiding centers, The magnetic moment and the magnetization current,
Non-uniform B field, Non-uniform E field, Time varying E field, Time varying B
field, Adiabatic invariants,

References:

45
 1. Plasma Physics and controlled Fusion, F.F. Chen, PLENUM PRESS,
NEWYORK AND LONDON.
2. Fundamental of Plasma Physics, J.A. Bittencourt, PERGAMON PRESS,
NEWYORK AND LONDON.
Theory of Plasma waves, T.H. Stix, McGraw Hill.

B – 1.32 : Probability and Stochastic Processes I (50Marks)

Fields and σ-fields. Probability as a measure. Random variables. Probability distribution.
Expectation. Moments. Absolute continuity and density functi0on. Characteristic
function. Inversion theorem. Convergence in probability. Weak convergence and
continuity theorem for characteristic functions. Weak and strong law of large numbers.
Law of the iterated logarithm. Lindeberg-Levy central limit theorem. Central limit
theorem with Lindeberg and Liapunoff conditions.
Definition and classification of stochastic processes.
Simple random walk and gambler’s ruin problem. Probability of ultimate ruin. Expected
duration of game.

References:
1. Bhat, B.R. – Modern Probability Theory.
2. Chung, K.L. – Elementary Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes.
3. Billingsley, P. – Probability and Measure.
4. Srinivasan, S.K. and Mehata, K.M. – Stochastic Processes.
5. Hoel, P.G.,Port, S.C. and Stone, C.J. – Introduction to Stochastic Processes.

B –1. 33 : Production and Inventory Control I (50 marks)

Historical origin and background of the subject. Nature of inventory problems. Structure
of inventory systems. Definition of inventory problem. Important parameters associated
with inventory problems. Variables in inventory problems. Controlled and uncontrolled
variables. Types of inventory systems and inventory policies. Statistical and dynamical
inventory problems.
Deterministic inventory models / systems. Harris-Wilson model. Economic lot size
systems. Sensitivity of the lot size systems. Order level systems and their sensitivity
analysis. Order level lot size and their sensitivity studies. Non-constant demand models
under (s, q), (t, si) and (ti, si) policies. Power law and linear travel demand situations. Lot
size systems with different cost properties: (i) Quantity discounts, (ii) Price-change
anticipation, (iii) Perishable goods system.
Multi-item inventory models with (i) single linear restriction, (ii)More than one linear
restrictions, (iii) non-linear restrictions.
References:
Inventory Systems : Eliczer Nadder – John Wiley and Sons.

46
Analysis of Inventory Systems : G. Hadley and T. M. Whitin – Prentice Hall.
Principles of Inventory and Material Management : R. J. Tersine – North-Holland.

B- 1.34 : Quantum Field Theory and Statistical Mechanics I (50 marks)

Quantum Field Theory
Lagrangian formation, symmetries and gauge fields, Real and complex regular fields.
Noether’s theorem. Topology and the vaccum: the Bohm-Aharonov effect. Yang-Mills
field Canonical quantization and particle interpreatation – real scalar field, complex
scalar field and electromagnetic field. Path integrals and quantum mechanics. Path
integral quantization. Feynman rules. Renormalization.

References:
1. L.D Landau and E.M Lifshitz: “The Classical Theory of Fields” (Oxford, Pergamen
Press).
2. L.H Ryder: “Quantum Field Theory” (Academic Publishers).
3. C. Itzykson and j.b Zuber: “Quantum Field Theory” (Mc Graw Hill).
4. J.D Bjorken and S.D Drell: “Relativistic Quantum Fields” (Mc Graw Hill).
5. F. Mandi: “ Introduction to Quantum Field Theory” (Interscience, 1960).
6. R.P Feynman and A.R Hibbs, “Quantum Mechanics and Path Integrals” (Mc Graw
Hill).

B – 1.35 : Queuing Theory and Game Theory I (50 Marks)

Birth-and-death queuing models. Erlang’s formula. Finite-source queues. State-dependent
service. Impatience. Haight’s models. Balking and reneging.
Bulk-input model. Bulk=arrival model. Models with Erlangian arrival; or service.
M/G/1 models. Pollackzek-Kninchin formula. Departure-point steady-state analysis.
Proof of necessary and sufficient condition for ergodicity. Waiting times. Busy period.
Bulk-input model M(X)/G/1. Departure state dependence. Generalized Little’s formula for
M/G/c. Proof of Erlang’s formula for GI/G/c.
Transient analysis for M/G/1 and GI/M/1 models. Steady state arrival-point analysis.
Generalization to. GI/M/c.

References:
8. Gross and Harris – Fundamentals of Queuing Theory.
9. Saaty – Elements of Queuing Theory.
10. Chaudhury and Kashyap – Introduction to of Queuing Theory.

47
 11. Panico – Queuing Theory.

B – 1.36: Renewable Bio-Economic Modelling (50 Marks)

Elementary dynamics of exploited populations:

The logistic growth models, constant rate harvesting, fishing effort, generalized logistic
model’s depensation, Yield-effort curves, critical depensation
Open-Access Fishery:
Gordon’s static model, opportunity cost, externality, economic over fishing, production
function, Cobb-Douglas production function, discounting, Schaefer model: optimal
harvesting policy, effect of discounting.
Elements of Control Theory:
One-dimensional control problem, linear variational problem-singular path, blocked
interval, impulse control
The Maximum Principle and Its Application in Linear Variational Problem:
Transversality condition, feedback control, Pontryagin’s maximal theory, its economic
interpretation, structure of the multidimensional optimal control problem and the
maximum principle, growth and aging, Beverton-Holt fishery model, dynamic
optimization.
Muilti-species models in fishery management:
Combined harvesting of two ecologically independent fish species following logistic
growth, bionomic equilibrium optimal harvest policy, combined harvesting of two
competing fish species following logistic growth.
Forestry Management:
The Faustmann model, Kilkki-Vaisanen model, matrix model for the management of a
height structured forest, modeling on degradation and subsequent regeneration of forestry
resources.

References:
1. C. W. Clark, (1976): Mathematical Bioeconomics: The optimal Management of
Renewable Resources, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
2. C. W. Clark, (1985): Bioeconomics Modeling and Fisheries Management, John Wiley
& Sons, New York.
3. B. S. Goh (1980): Management and Analysis of Biological Populations, Elsevier,
Amesterdam.

48
 B – 1.37 : Theory of Marketing Decisions I (50 marks)
Elements of control theory, Basic optimal control problem, Augmented functional,
Hamiltonian function, Adjoint equation, Transversality condition, Pontryagin’s maximum
principal (formulation only) with continuous and discontinuous controls, Applications.

Basic concepts of demand curve, Supply curve, Price elasticity of demand and supply,
Utility of consumption and consumers surplus, Different market forms of pure
computations, Competitive equilibrium, Monopoly, Multi-product monopoly, Price
discrimination, Oligopoly, Conjectural variation. Theory of costs of production, Marginal
costs, Relationship between marginal productivity, average cost and marginal cost.

Theory of production, Production function, Cobb-Douglas production function and its

properties, Elasticity of substitution, Constant production function, Derivation of the cost
function from the production function – The Cobb-Douglas case, Solow-Minhaus-Arrow-
Chenery production function and its properties.

References:

1. Mathematical Analysis for Economists – R. G. D. Allen : McMillan.

2. Mathematical Economics – R. G. D. Allen : McMillan.
3. Mathematical Formulation of Micro-economists – M. M. Metwally: Asia
Publishing House.
4. Quantitative Techniques for Marketing Decisions – Marvin A. Jolson and Richard
T. Hisc : McMillan.
5. Marketing Management – Philip Kotler : Prentice Hall.

B – 1.38: Theory of Semigroups I (50 Marks)

Introduction: Basic Definitions. Monogenic semigroups, Periodic semigroups. Ordered
sets, semilattices and lattices. Binary relations, equivalences. Congruences. Ideals and
Rees congruences. (20)
Green’s Equivalences: Green’s equivalence relations: , , , and . The structure of
- classes, Regular -classes, Regular semigroups. (10)
Completely regular semigroups: Characterization of completely regular semigroups as
union of groups, Semilattices of groups, Clifford semigroups, Orthodox semigroups. (20)

References:
1. Fundamentals of semigroup theory, J. M. Howie, Clarendon Press, oxford, 1995.
2. An introduction to semigroup theory, J. M. Howie, Academic Press, London,
1976.

49
 3. The algebraic theory of semigroups, Amer. Math. Soc., Math Surveys No. 7,
Providence, Vol I, 1961, Vol II, 1967.
4. Completely Regular Semigroups, M. Petrich and N. R. Reilly, John Wiley &
Sons.
5.Introduction to semigroups, M. Petrich, Merrill, Columbus, 1973.
6. Structure of regular semigroups, M. Petrich, Univ. de Montpellier, 1977.
7. Lectures in semigroups, M. Petrich,
8. Semigroups and combinatorial applications, G. Lallement,
9. Completely 0-simple semigroups: an abstract treatment of the lattice of
congruences, Benjamin, New York, 1969.
10. A course in universal algebra, S. Burris and H. P. Sankappanavar, Springer, New
York, 1981

B – 1.39 : Topological Groups and Harmonic Analysis I : 50 Marks)

Definition of a topological group and its basic properties, Subgroups and Quotient
Groups, First, Second, Third Isomorphism Theorems, Properties of Topological Groups
involving Connectedness, Separation Axioms in topological groups, Invariant Pseudo
Metrics, Uniform Structure in Topological Groups, Compact and Locally Compact
Topological Groups

Preliminaries of Lebesgue Measure, Measurable Function, Integration, Product Measure,

Fubini’s Theorem, Signed Measure, Hahn Decomposition Theorem, Mutually Singular
Measure, Radon Nikodym Theorem, Lebesgue Decomposition, Decomposition into
Absolutely Continuous and Singular parts, Differentiation and Integration.
Baire and Borel Sets, baire Sandwich Theorem, Borel and Baire Measures on Locally
Compact Spaces, Regularity of Measure, Integration of Continuous Functions with
cmpact Support, Riesz-Markoff Theorem.

References:

1. Hewitt, E., Ross, K., Abstract Harmonic Analysis, Vol I, Academic Press, NY, 1963.
2. Bachman, G., Elements of Abstract Harmonic Analysis, Academic Press, NY and
London, 1964.
3. Rudin, W., Fourier Analysis on Groups, McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.
4. Loomis, L., An Introduction to Abstract Harmonic Analysis, Van Nostrand, N.J.,
1953.
5. Goldberg, R.R., Fourier Transforms, Cambridge University Press, London & NY,
1961.

50
 Second year Second Semester (250 Marks)

Unit 4.1: Advanced Numerical Analysis

(Theory : 20, Practical : 30)
Numerical solution of integral equations :
Approximate solution of Fredholm equation by finite sums and degenerate Kernels.
Numerical approximation of Volterra equations.
Finite element and Boundary element methods :
Weighted residual method : Galerkin, Least square, partition, moment and colloction
methods. Solution of boundary value problems by Ritz method. Finite elements and
boundary elements of various terms. Constant elements by Gaussian quadrature.
Numerical integration over finite elements. Solution of b.v. problems by Finite element
and Boundary element methods.
References :
1. Computing methods ; Berzin and Zhidnov.
2. Analysis of Numerical methods : Isacson and Keller.
3. A first course in Numerical Analysis : Ralston and Rabinowitz.
4. Numerical solution of differential equations : M.K.Jain.
5. Numerical solution of partial differential equations : G.D.Smith.
6. The finite element method in structural and continuum mechanics : O.C.Zienkiewics.
7. The finite elements method in partial differential equations : A.R.Mitchell.
8. An introduction to boundary element methods : Prem K. Kytbe.
9. Computational Mathematics : B.P.Demidovich and J.A.Maron.
10. Applied Numerical Methods : A. Gourdin & M. Boumahrat.
List of Practical Problems
1. Solution of ordinary differential and partial differential equation by weighted
Residual method :
a. Least square method.
b. Galerkin method.

2. Solution of simple boundary value problem by

a. Finite element and

51
 b. Boundary element method.

3. Solution of system of Non-linear equations by Newton’s method.

4. Method of steepest descent.

Unit 4.1 Advanced Functional Analysis

Examples of Banach Spaces, Stone-Weierstrass Theorem, Ascoli-Arzela Theorem.

Lp-spaces, Completeness and other Properties.
Linear Topological Spaces, Locally Convex Spaces and their Characterization in terms of
a family of Seminorms, Hahn-Banach Theorem, Separation Theorem, Open Mapping
Theorem, Closed Graph Theorem, Weak Topology and Duality Theorem for Normed
Linear Spaces, Krein-Milman Theorem and its Applications, Uniform Convexity, Strict
Convexity and their Applications. 0.25in
References :
Kelley, J.L., Namioka, I., Linear Topological Spaces, D.Van Nostrand Company, 1963.
Rudin, W., Functional Analysis, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Corpn. Ltd., 1979.
Aliprantis, C.D., Burkinshaw, O., Principles of Real Analysis, 3rd Edition, Harcourt Asia
Pte Ltd., 1998.
Goffman, C., Pedrick, G., First Course in Functional Analysis, Prentice Hall of India,
New Delhi, 1987.
Taylor, A.E., Introduction to Functional Analysis, John Wiley and Sons, New York,
1958.
Conway, J.B., A Course in Functional Analysis, Springer Verlag, New York, 1990.

Unit 4.1: Discrete Mathematics – II

The Foundations: Logic and Proofs : (15 marks)

Propositional Logic, Propositional Equivalences, Predicates and Quantifiers, Nested
Quantifiers, Rules of Inference, Introduction to Proofs, Proof methods and strategy.

Introduction to Combinatorics : (35 marks)

The Mathematics of Choice : The fundamental counting principle, Pascal’s triangle,

Error-correcting codes, Combinatorial identities, Four ways to choose, The binomial and
multinomial theorems, Partitions, Elementary symmetric functions.

Recurrence : Some examples, The auxiliary equation method, Generating functions,

Derangements, Catalan numbers.

52
Partitions and Colorings : Partitions of a Set, Stirling Numbers, Counting Functions,
Vertex Colorings of Graphs,Edge Colorings of Graphs.

The Inclusion-Exclusion Principle : The principle, Counting surjections, Counting

labeled trees, Scrabble, The Menage problem.

Latin squares and Hall's theorem : Latin squares and orthogonality, Magic squares,
Systems of distinct representatives, From Latin squares to Affine planes.

Schedules and 1-Factorizations : The circle method, Bipartite tournaments and 1-

factorizations of Кп,п, Tournaments from orthogonal Latin squares.

Introduction to designs : Balanced incomplete block designs, Resolvable designs, Finite

projective planes, Hadamard matrices and designs, Difference methods, Hadamard
matrices and codes.

Text Books :
1. Discrete Mathematics, Knneth H. Rosen, Mc-Graw Hill, International Edition
2007.
3. A First Course in Discrete Mathematics, Ian Anderson, Springer, 2000

References :
1. Combinatorics, Russell Merris, Wiley-Interscience, 2003.
2. Discrete Mathematics for Computer Scientists & Mathematicians, Joe L.
Mott, Abraham Kandel and Theodore P. Baker, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.,
2003.
3. Applied Combinatorics, Fred S. Roberts, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.
4. H. Enderton: A Mathematical Introduction to Logic, Academic Press, London,
1972.

Unit 4.2 Integral Equation and Integral Transform

Integral Equations – 25 marks

1. Linear integral equations of 1st and 2nd kinds – Fredholm and Volterra
types. Relation between integral equations and initial boundary value problems .
Integral equations.
2. Existence and uniqueness of continuous solutions of Fredholm and Volterra’s integral
equations of second kind. Solution by the method of successive approximations.
Iterated kernels. Reciprocal kernels. Volterra’s solution of Fredholm’s integral
equation.
3. Fredholm theory for the solution of fredholm’s integral equation. Fredholm’s
determinant D(lamda). Fredholm’s first minor D(x,y,lamda) Fredholm’s first and
second fundamental relations. Fredholm’s p-th minor. Fredholm’s first , second and
third fundamental theorems. Fredholm’s alternatives.
4. Hilbert-Schmidt theory of symmetric kernels. Properties of symmetric kernels.
Existance of characteristic constants. Complete set of characteristic constants and

53
 complete orthonoralmised system of fundamental functions. Expansion of iterated
kernel kٕ (x,t), in terms of fundamental functions. Schmidt’s solution of Fredholm’s
integral equations.
5. Applications

Integral Transforms – 25 marks

1. Fourier Transforms: Fourier integral Theorem. Definition and properties.

Fourier transform of the derivative. Derivative of Fourier transform. Fourier
transforms of some useful functions. Fourier cosine and sine transforms. Inverse
of Fourier transforms. Convolution. Properties of convolution function.
Convolution theorem. Applications.

2. Laplace transforms: Definition and properties. Sufficient conditions for the

existence of Laplace Transform. Laplace Transform of some elementary
functions. Laplace transform of the derivatives. Inverse of Laplace transform.
Bromwich Integral Theorem. Initial and final value theorems. Convolution
theorem. Applications.

3. Mellin and Hankel Transforms and their inverse. Application to Boundary value
problems.

4. Z-transform : Definition and properties. Z-transform of some standard functions.

Inverse Z-transforms. Applications.

References :

1. I.N. Sneddon : The Uses of Integral Transforms.

2. C.J. Tranter : Integral Transforms.
3. I.N. Sneddon : fourier Transform.
4. Lovitt : Linear Integral Equations.
5. Tricomi : Integral Equations.
6. Andrews & Shivamoggi : Integral transforms for Engineers.
7. L.Debnath & D.Bhatta : Integral Transforms and Their Applications.

54
 Unit 4.3 One course from A-2.1 to A-2.8

(*corresponding to the course selected in Unit 3.3 in the 2nd year 1st semester)

A - 2.1 : Advanced Algebra – II

A - 2.2 : Differential Topology
A - 2.3 : Introduction to Algorithms - II

A - 2.4 : Fluid Mechanics II

A - 2.5 : Mathematical Modelling of Biological Systems II
A - 2.6 : Mathematical Theory of Elasticity II
A - 2.7 : Principles of Operations Research II
A - 2.8 : Quantum Mechanics

(*If a student has studied A-1.4 in the 2nd year 1st semester then the student has to go for
A-2.4 in this semester.)

A – 2.1 : Advanced Algebra - II ( 50 Marks )

Multilinear Algebra (10 Marks) :

Determinants, Tensor Algebras, Symmetric Algebras, Exterior Algebras,

Homomorphisms of Tensor Algebras, Symmetric and Alternating Tensors.

Note : This course is based on the book [1]; Chapter 11.

Structure of Rings (30 Marks) :

Artinian rings, Simple rings, Primitive rings, Jacobson density theorem, Wedderburn -
Artin theorem on simple (left)Artinian rings.
The Jacobson radical, Jacobson semisimple rings, subdirect product of rings, Jacobson
semisimple rings as subdirect products of primitive rings, Wedderburn - Artin theorem on

55
Jacobson semisimple (left)Artinian rings.
Simple and Semisimple modules, Semisimple rings, Equivalence of semisimple rings
with Jacobson semisimple (left)Artinian rings, Properties of semisimple rings,
Characterizations of semisimple rings in terms of modules.

Note : This course is based on the books [4] and [3]; Chapter XVII.

Group Representations (10 Marks) :

Representations, Group-Rings, Maschke’s Theorem, Character of a Representation,

Regular Representations, Orthogonality Relations, Burnside Two-Prime Theorem.

Note : This course is based on the book [3]; Chapter XVIII.

References :

Dummit, D.S., Foote, R.M., Abstract Algebra, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
1999.
Atiyah, M., MacDonald, I.G., Introduction to Commutative Algebra, Addison-Wesley,
1969.
Lang, S., Algebra, Addison-Wesley, 1993.
Lam, T.Y., A First Course in Non-Commutative Rings, Springer Verlag.
Hungerford, T.W., Algebra, Springer.
Jacobson, N., Basic Algebra, II, Hindusthan Publishing Corporation, India.
Malik, D.S., Mordesen, J.M., Sen, M.K., Fundamentals of Abstract Algebra, The
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Curtis, C.W., Reiner, I., Representation Theory of Finite Groups and Associated
Algebras, Wiley-Interscience, NY.

A – 2.2 : Differential Topology (50) Marks

Smooth Mappings: Inverse Function Theorem, Local Submersion Theorem ( Implicit
Function Theorem).

Differentiable manifolds: Differentiable manifolds and submanifolds, examples,

including surfaces, Sn, RPn,CPn and lens spaces, tangent bundles; Sard,s theorem and its
applications. Differentiable transversality, orientation,. Whitney,s embedding theorems.
Pontryagin-Thom construction, Fruedenthal suspension theorem.

Vector fields and differential forms : Integrating vector fields, degree of a map,
Brouwer Fixed Point Theorem, Poincare-Hopf Theorem, differential forms, deRham’s
theorem.

References :

56
Text : Hirsch, Moris W. “ Differential Topology” Graduate Texts in Mathematics.
Vol.33, Reprint edition. New York, Springer-Verlag, 1988.

Spivak : Calculus on Manifolds, Benjamin, 1965 ( differentiation, Inverse Function

Theorem, Stokes Theorem )
Milnor : Topology from the Differentiable viewpoint, University of Virginia Press, 1965
James R Munkres : Elementary Differentail Toplogy, 1966
J.W.Milnor : Differential Topology.
Guillemen Pollack : Differential Toplogy, Prentice-Hall, 1974 ( basic reference )
Abraham, Ralph., Jerrold E. Marsden and Tudor Ratiu : Manifolds, Tensor Analysis and
Applications, Applied Mathematical Sciences, Vol. 75, New York, Springer-Verlag,
1998.
Bott, Raoul, R. Bott and Loring W.Tu. : Differential Forms in Algebraic Topology,
Graduate Texts in Mathematics. Vol.82, Reprint edition. New York, Springer-Verlag,
1995.
For the examples we refer to the books of
Greenberg : Lectures on Algebraic Topology, W.A. Benjamin, 1967.
Munkres : Elements of Algebraic Topology, Addison-Wesley, 1984.
Hirsch : Differential Topology, Springer, 1976.

A – 2.3 : Introduction to Algorithms - II : 50 marks

Theory - 35, Assignment - 15 (Computer lab access is necessary and mandatory)

Advanced design and analysis techniques : Dynamic Programming - Matrix Chain

Multiplication, Elements of dynamic programming, longest common subsequence,
optimal polygon triangulation. Greedy Algorithms – Activity selection problem,
Elements of greedy strategy, Huffman codes, Amortized analysis – The aggregate
method, The accounting method, The potential method, Dynamic tables. 20 lectures

Graph problems: Graph searching - BFS, DFS, topological sort; connected and
biconnected components; minimum spanning trees - Kruskal’s and Prim’s algorithms,
Single-source shortest paths - Dikkstra's algorithm, Bellman-ford algorithm, All-pair
shortest paths – Shortest paths and matrix multiplication, Floyd-Warshall algorithm,
Maximum flow – Flow networks, Ford-Fulkerson method, Maximum bipartite matching.
14 Lectures

Algebraic problems: Evaluation of polynomials with or without preprocessing.

Winograd’s and Strassen’s matrix multiplication algorithms and applications to related
problems, FFT, simple lower bound results. 10 Lectures

String processing: String searching and Pattern matching, Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm

and its analysis. 6 Lectures

Computational geometry : Line-segment properties, Determining whether any pair of

segments intersects, Finding the convex hull, Finding the closest pair of points.
10 Lectures

57
NP-completeness: Turing machines, Church's Thesis, P and NP, NP-completeness,
statement of Cook’s theorem, some standard NP-complete problems, NP-hardn problems,
NP-hard problems, Graph Realization in two and three-dimensional real spaces.
20 Lectures

Approximation algorithms : Vertex covering, Traveling salesman problem, Set covering,

Subset-sum problem. 10 Lectures

Text books :
1. T. H. Cormen, C.E. Leiserson and R.L.Rivest: Introduction to Algorithms, Prentice
Hall of India, New Delhi, 1998.
2. Bernhard Korte and Jens Vygen : Combinatorial Optimization : Theory and
Algorithms, Springer, 2005
References:
1. A. M. Tannenbaum and M. J. Augesestein: Data Structures Using PASCAL, Prentice
Hall, New Jersey, 1981.
2. E. Horowitz and S. Sahni: Fundamentals of Data Structures, CBS, New Delhi, 1977.
3. A. Aho, J. Hopcroft, and J. Ullman: Data Structures and Algorithms, Addison-Wesley,
Reading, Mass., 1983.

A – 2.4 : Fluid Mechanics II (50 marks)

Basic thermodynamics of one compressible fluids:

Six governing equations of fluid motion, crocco-vazsonyl equation. Propagation of small
disturbances in a gas. mach number. Dynamics similarity of two flows. Circulation
theorem. Permanence of irrotational motion. Bernoulli’s integral for steady isentropic and
irrotational motion. Polytropic gas. Critical speed. Equation satisfied velocity potential
and stream functions. Prandtl-Mayer fluid past a convex corner.
Steady flow through a De Level nozzle. Normal and oblique shock wave shock polar
diagram one dimensional similarity folw.
Steady linearised subsonic and supersonic flows. Prandtl-Glauert transformation. Flow
along a wavy boundary flow past a slight corner. Jangen-rayleigh method of
approximation. Thin supersonic wind Ackeret’s formula.
Legendre and molenbroek transformations Chaplygin’s equation for stream function.
Solution of chaplygin’s equation. Subsonic gas jet problem limiting line. Motion due to a
two dimensional source and a vortex Karman-Tsien approximation. Two dimensional
steady flow : Riemann invarience. Method of characteristic. Transonic flow. Law
transonic similarity. Euler’s-Tricomi equation and its fundamental solution. Hypersonic
flow.

Reference Books:

58
1. Hydrodynamics –A.S.Ramsay(Bell)
2. Hydrodynamics – H. Lamb(Cambridge)
3. Fluid mechanics – L.D.Landou and E.M.Lifchiz(Pergamon),1959
4. Theoritical hydrodynamics –L.M.Thomson
5. Theoritical aerodynamics –I.M.Milne-Thomson;Macmillan, 1958
6. Introduction to the theory of compressible flow –Shih-I.Pai; Van Nostrand, 1959
7. Inviscid gas dynamics – P.Niyogi, Mcmillan, 1975(india)
8. Gas dynamics – K.Oswatitsch(english tr.) academic press, 1956

A-2.5 Modelling of Biological Events II (50 marks)

Models for Molecular Events:

Law of mass action, basic enzyme reaction, the quasi-steady-state assumption and its
consequences, validity of the quasi-steady-state assumption, motion kinetics, cooperative
kinetics, stability of activator –inhibitor and positive feedback systems.

The Chemostat Model:

Bacterial growth in a chemostat, formulation of the cheomostat model, stability analysis
of the steady states, construction of phase-plane diagram, saturating nutrient consumption
rate (Monod model).

Diffusion Model:
The general balance law, Fick’s law, diffusivity of motile bacteria.

Models for Developmental Pattern Formation:

Background, model formulation, spatially homogeneous and inhomogeneous solutions,
Turing model, conditions for diffusive stability and instability, pattern generation with
single species model.

Models of Biological Oscillators:

Oscillation in chemical systems, Goodwin’s model, its stability and oscillations, simple
two species oscillators- parameter domain determination for oscillations.

Models for Population Genetics:

Introduction, basic model for inheritance of genetic characteristic, Hardy-Wienberg law,
models for genetic improvement, selection and mutation- steady state solution and
stability theory.

References:
1. L.A.Segel (1984): Mpodelling Dynamical Phenomena in Molecular Biology,
Cabbridge University Press.
2. J.D.Murray (1990): Mathematical Biology, Springer and Verlag.
3. Leach Edelstein-Keshet (1987): Mathematical Models in Biology, The Random
House/ Birkhauser Mathematics Series.

59
 A – 2.6 : Mathematical Theory of Elasticity II (50 Marks)

Solution by means of functions of a complex variable : Plane Stress and Plane Strain
Problems. Solution of Plane Stress and Plane Strain Problems in Polar Co ordinates.
General Solution for an infinite plate with a circular hole. An infinite Plate under the
Action of Concentrated Forces and Moments.

Three dimensional problems : Beam Stretched by its own weight.Solution of

differential equations of equilibrium in terms of stresses. Stress function. Reduction of
Lame and Beltrami equations to biharmonic equations. Relvin and Boussinesq-Papkovich
solution. Pressure on the Surface of a Semi-infinite Body.

Theory of thin plates : Basic equations for bending of plates. Boundary conditions.
Navier’s and Levy solutions for rectangular plates. Circular Plate. Cylindrical Bending of
Uniformly Loaded Plates.

Variational methods : Theorems of Minimum Potential Energy. Theorems of Minimum

Supplementary Energy. Uniqueness of Solutions. Reciprocal theorem of Betti and
Rayleigh – applications. Solution of Eulevs equation by Ritz, Galerkin and Rantorovich
method.

Reference:

1. A Treatise on The Mathematical Theory of Elasticity – A. E. Love

2. Mathematical Theory of Elasticity - I. S. Sokolnikoff
3. Theory of Elasticity – S. Timoshenko and J. N. Goodier
4. Elasticity Theory and Applications – A. S. Saada
5. Foundations of Solid Mechanics – Y. C. Fung
6. Theory of Elasticity – Y. A. Amenzade
7. Applied Elasticity – Zhilun Xu
8. Wave Propagations in Elastic Solids – J. D. Achenbach
9. Elasto-dynamics – A. C. Eringen
10. Wave Motion in Elastic Solids – K. F. Graff
11. Applied Elastity – Chi-The Wang.

60
 A – 2.7 : Principles of Operations Research II : 50 marks

Sequencing

Sequencing problems, Solution of sequencing problems, Processing n jobs through two

machines, Processing n jobs through three machines, Optimal solutions, Processing of
two jobs through m machines, Graphical method of solution, Processing n jobs through m
machines.

Project Scheduling and Network Analysis

Project scheduling by PERT and CPM, Construction of a network, Fulkerson's i ¡ j rule,

Errors and dummies in Nnetwork, Critical path analysis, Forward and backward pass
methods, Floats of an activity, Project costs by CPM , Crashing of an activity, Crash-cost
slope, Time-cost trade o®, Solution of network problems using Simplex technique. Time
estimates for PERT, Probability of completion of a project within a scheduled time.

Replacement Models

Replacement problem, Types of replacement problems, Replacement of capital

equipment that varies with time, Replacement policy for items where maintenance cost
increases with time and money value is not considered, Money value, Present worth
factor (pwf), Discount rate, Replacement policy for item whose maintenance cost
increases with time and money value changes at a constant rate, Choice of best machine,
Replacement of low cost items, Group replacement, Individual replacement policy,
Mortality theorem, Recruitment and promotional problems.

Inventory Problems

Introduction, Inventory problems, Inventory parameters, Variables in inventory problems,

Controlled and uncontrolled variables, Classi¯cation of inventory models, Deterministic
elementary inventory models, Economic lot size formula and its properties, Problems.

Reference Books
1. Operations Research - S.D. Sharma
2. Operations Research - Kanti Swarup, P.K. Gupta and Manmohan
3. OR methods and Problems - Sasieni Maurice, Arther Yaspan, Lawrence Friedman
4. Operations Research - H.S. Taha

61
5. Operations Resarch - T.L. Satty

A – 2.8 : Quantum Mechanics (50 marks)

Scattering Theory: Kinematics of the scattering Process: Differential and total cross
section. Laboratory and centre of mass system. Wave Mechanical Picture of scattering;
scattering amplitude, boundary conditions, Optical Theorem. Born Approximation, its
validity. Partial wave analysis. Phase shifts.

Relativistic Quantum Mechanics: KLEIN-GORDON equation and its difficulties,

Plane wave solutions, charge, current densities. Dirac equation, Plane wave solutions,
dirac matrices, charge current conservation, Spin of Dirac particle. Significance of
negetive energy states, Concept of antiparticle, dirac hole theory. Non-relativistic
correspondence of Dirac equation. Lorentz covariance of dirac equation. Parity, Charge
conjugation, time reversal in Dirac equation.

References:
1. l.Schiff: “Quantum Mechanics”.
2. P.M. Mathews and K Venkatesan: “Quantum Mechanics”.
3. P.A.M Dirac : “The Principles of Quantum Mechanics”.

62
 Unit 4.4 and Unit 4.5 : Two courses from B-2.1 to B-2.39
(*corresponding to the course selected in Unit 3.4 and unit 3.5 in the 2nd yr 1st semester.
If a student has studied B-1.4 and B-1.34 in the 2nd year 1st semester then the student has
to go for B-2.4 and B-2.34 in this semester)

B - 2.1 Advanced Complex Analysis II

B - 2.2 Advanced Differential Geometry II
B - 2.3 Artificial Intelligence & Soft Computing II
B - 2.4 Astrophysics II
B - 2.5 Combinatorial Mathematics II
B - 2.6 Commutative Algebra and Algebraic Geometry II
B - 2.7. Computational Biology II
B - 2.8 Computational Fluid Dynamics Practical
B - 2.9. Computational Solid Mechanics II
B – 2.10 Image Processing
B – 2.11 Introduction to Computer Networks
B - 2.12 Coupled Fields of Solid Mechanics & Plasticity II
B - 2.13 Differential Geometry and its application II
B - 2.14 Dynamical Meteorology & Numerical weather prediction II
B - 2.15 Dynamical Oceanography II
B - 2.16. Elastodynamics II
B - 2.17 General Theory of Relativity and Cosmology II
B - 2.18 Generalized function & Wavelet Theory II
B - 2.19 Graph Theory II
B - 2.20 Information Theory & Coding II
B - 2.21 Magneto Fluid Mechanics II
B - 2.22 Mathematical Ecology II
B - 2.23 Mathematical Statistics II
B - 2.24 Measure and Topology II
B - 2.25 Mechanics of Viscous Fluid and Boundary Layer Theory II
B - 2.26 Nonlinear and Dynamic Programming II
B - 2.27 Introduction to Cryptography
B - 2.28 Introduction to Compiler Design
B - 2.29 Operator Algebra II
B - 2.30 Operator Theory II
B - 2.31 Plasma Mechanics II
B - 2.32 Probability & Stochastic Processes II
B - 2.33 Production and Inventory Control II
B - 2.34 Quantum Field Theory & Statistical Mechanics II
B - 2.35. Queuing Theory and Game Theory II
B - 2.36 Renewable Bio-economic Modelling and Epidemiology II
B - 2.37 Theory of Marketing Decisions II

63
 B - 2.38. Theory of Semi-groups II
B - 2.39 Topological Groups & Harmonic Analysis II

B – 2.1: Advanced Complex Analysis II (50 Marks)

Harmonic Functions, Characterization of Harmonic Functions by Mean-Value Property,
Poisson’s Integral Formula, Dirichlet Problem for a Disc.

Doubly Periodic Functions, Weierstrass Elliptic Functions.

Meromorphic Functions, Expnasions, Definition of the functions m(r,a), N(r,a) and T(r) .
Nevanlinna’s First Fundamental Theorem, Cartan’s Identity and Convexity Theorems,
Order of Growth, Order of a Meromorphic Function, Comparative Growth of log M(r)
and T(r), Nevanlinna’s Second Fundamental Theorem, Estimation of S(r) (statement
only), Nevanlinna’s Theory of Deficient Values, Upper Bound of the Sum of
Deficiencies.

References :

Conway, J.B., Functions of one complex variable, Second Edition, Narosa Publishing
House.
Ahlfors, L.V., Complex Analysis, McGraw-Hill, 1979.
Rudin, W., Real and Complex Analysis, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1966.
Hille, E., Analytic Function Theory (2 vols.), Gonn & Co., 1959.
Titchmarsh, E.C., The Theory of Functions, Oxford University Press, London.
Markusevich, A.I., Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable, Vol. I, II, III.
Copson, E.T., An Introduction to the Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable.
Hayman, W.K., Meromorphic Functions.
Kaplan, W., An Introduction to Analytic Functions.

B – 2.2 : Advanced Differential Geometry II (50 Marks)

Principal fibre bundle, Linear frame bundle, Associated fibre bundle,

Vector bundle, Tangent bundle, Induced bundle, Bundle homomorphisms.

Linear and affine connections, Riemannian connection, riemannian manifolds, Curvature

tensors, Sectional curvature, Schur’s theorem,
Geodesics in a Riemannian manifold, Projective curvature tensor, Conformal curvature
tensor, Submanifolds and hypersurfaces.

References

1. Foundation of differential Geometry (vol-1) :- S.KOBAYASHI and

2. K.NOMIZU.
3. An Introduction to Differentiable Manifolds and Riemannian
4. Geometry : - W.M.BOOTHBY.

64
 5. Introduction to Differentiable Manifolds : - L.AUSLANDER and
6. R.E.MACKENZIE.
7. Lectures on Differential Geometry : - S.S.CHERN,W.H.CHEN and
8. K.S.LAM.

B – 2.3 : Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing II : 50 marks

Algebra on Fuzzy quantities. Logical aspects of fuzzy sets. Fuzzy relations.

Neural networks and learning processes. Single-layer perceptions. Multi-layer
perceptions. Neuro-dynamics
Mathematical foundations of genetic algorithms. Operators and techniques in genetic
search.

References:

1. Principles of Artificial Intelligence by Nils J. Nilsson – Springer.

2. Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing by Amit Konar – CRC Press.
3. Neural Networks by Simon Haykin – Pearson
4. Genetic Algorithms by David E. Goldberg – Addison-Wesley

B – 2.4 : Astrophysics II (50 marks)

4.
1.1 Plasma, black Body, Cherenkov & Synchroton Radiation
1.2 Accreation as source of radiation
1.3 Quasar as source of radition, Compton effect effect
1.4 Bremsstrallung Radition.

5. Formation of Galactic Structure – different Theories : -

1.1 Formation of our Galaxy.
1.2 Formation of Galaxy in Evolutionary Universe.
1.3 Formation of Galaxy in Steady State Universe.
1.4 Possibility of galactic structure formation through Explosion.

6.
1.1 Hubble’s Law & Expansion of Universe – Big Bang Model
1.2 Uniformity of Large Scale Structure of the Universe .
1.3 Origin of Cosmic Rays
1.4 Origin of Galaxies and the Universe.
References:

1. The Structure of the Universe – J.V. narlikar

2. Astrophysics – B. Basu
3. Astrophysics – B. Basu
4. Astrophysical Concept – M. Harmitt
5. Galactic Structure – A. Blauaw & M. Schmidtw

65
 6. Large Scale Structure of Galaxies – W.B. Burton
7. The Milky Way – B.T. Bok & P.F. Bok.
8. Cosmic Electrodynamics – J.H. Piddington

B – 2.5 : Combinatorial Mathematics II (50 Marks)

Steiner Triple Systems, Packing and covering.
Ramsey’s Theorem , Pigeonhole Principle, Bounds for Ramsey Number.
Design, Fisher’s Inequality.
Linear code, Error Correcting Code, Hamming Code.
Generating Function, Recurrence Relations, Solutions of Recurrence Relations by
Generating Functions method.

References :

1. COMBINATORICS – Topics, Techniques, Algorithms by

Peter J. Cameron (Cambridge University Press).
2. A COURSE IN COMBINATORICS by J. H. Lint & R. M. Wilson
(Cambridge University Press).
5. DISCRETE AND COMBINETORIAL MATHEMATICS by
Ralph P. Grimaldi (AWL).
6. DISCRETE MATHEMATICS FOR COMPUTER SCIENTISTS
& MATHEMATICIANS by Joe L. Mott, Abraham Kandel &
Theodore P. Baker (Prentice-Halia).

B – 2.6 : Commutative Algebra and Algebraic Geometry II (50 Marks)

Commutative algebra :
Valuation Rings, Discrete Valuation Rings, Dedekind Domains, Fractional and Invertible
Ideals.
Topologies and Completions, Filtrations, Graded Rings and Modules, The Associated
Graded Ring.
Hilbert Functions, Dimension Theory of Noetherian Local Rings, Hilbert-Samuel
Polynomials, Krull’s Principal Ideal Theorem, Regular Local Rings, Transcendental
Dimension.
Note : This course is based on the books [1], [2]. See [4] for Schmidt and Lüroth
Theorems and Elimination Theory.
Algebraic Geometry :
Affine Space, Algebraic Sets, The Ideal of a Set of Points, Irreducible Components of an
Algebraic Set, Algebraic Subsets of the Plane, Hilbert Nullstellensatz.
Affine Varieties, Coordinate Rings, Polynomial Maps, Coordinate Changes, Rational
Functions and Local Rings, Discrete Valuation Rings, Forms, Ideals with Finite Number
of Zeros.
Affine Plane Curves, Multiple Points and Tangent Lines, Multiplicities and Local Rings,

66
Intersection Numbers.
Resultants and Discriminants of Polynomials, Introduction to Elimination Theory.

Note : This course is based on the book [3]; Chapters 1-3. See [4] for Elimination
Theory.
References :
Atiyah, M., MacDonald, I.G., Introduction to Commutative Algebra, Addison-Wesley,
1969.
Gopalakrishnan, N.S., Commutative Algebra, Oxonian Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1988.
Fulton, W., Algebraic Curves, W.A. Benjamin, INC., 1969.
Musili, C.S., Algebraic Geometry for Beginners, TRIM 20, Hindustan Book Agency,
New Delhi, 2001.
Walker, R., Algebraic Curves, Dover, NY, 1962.
Dummit, D.S., Foote, R.M., Abstract Algebra, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
1999.
Lang, S., Algebra, Addison-Wesley, 1993.

B – 2.7 : Computational Biology II (50 marks)

5. Constructing Phylogenetic Trees.

Phylogenetic Trees. Tree Construction: Distance Methods – Basics. Tree Construction:
Distance Methods – Neighbour Joining. Tree Construction : Maximum Parsimony.
6. Genetics.
Mendelian Genetics. Probability Distributions in Genetics. Linkage. Gene Frequency in
Populations.
7. Infectious Disease Modelling.
Elementary Epidemic Models. Threshold Values and Critical Parameters. Variations on a
Theme.. Multiple Populations and Differentiated Infectivity.
8. Curve fitting and Biological Modelling.
Fitting Curves to Data. The Method of Least Squares. Polynomial Curve Fitting.

References:

1. Elizabeth A. Allman and John A. Rhodes: Mathematical Models in Biology: An

Introduction. Cambridge University Press (2004)

67
 B –2. 8 : Computational Fluid Dynamics (Practical) (50 marks)

Solution of one-dimensional heat conduction equation using Explicit and Implicit

scheme. Solution of 2-D heat conduction equation using ADI method. Solution of partial
differential equation using Lax-Wendorf and Mac Cormack’s scheme. Solution of
Navier-Stokes equation using stream function vorticity formulation. Solution of some
problems on fluid dynamics using MAC method and SIMPLE algorithm

Prerequsites : Programming in C

References:

8. P. Niyogi, S. K. Chakraborty and M. K. Laha- Introduction to computational fluid

Dynamics, Pearson Education, Delhi 2005.
9. C. A. J. Fletcher- Computational Techniques for Fluid Dynamics, Vol-I and Vol-II,
Springer, 1988.
10. R. Peyret and T. D. Taylor- Computational Methods for Fluid Flow, Springer 1983.
11. J. F. Thompson, Z.U.A Warsi and C. W. Martin, Numerical Grid Generation,
Foundations and Applications, North Hollamm, 1985.
12. L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Fluid Mechanics, Trans., Pergamon Press, 1989.
13. H. Schlichting and K. Gersten- Boundary Layer Theory, 8th Ed., Springer 2000.

B –2. 9 : Computational Solid Mechanics II (Practical) :

Finite Element Method : Computer programming in C or C++ using Triangular elements.
Plotting of Mesh points. Solving problems in Elasticity.
Boundary Element Method : Numerical computation of some potential and elasticity
problems using constant, linear and quadratic elements.

References :
1. Finite Element Method : J.N.Reddy.
2..Finite Element Procedures : K.J.Bathe
3.Introduction to Finite and Boundary Element Method : G.Beer and J.O.Watson.
4.The Finite Element Method – Vol.I (The Basis): O.C.Zienkiewicz and R.L.Taylor
5.The Finite Element Method – Vol. II (Solid Mechanics) : O.C.Zienkiewicz and
R.L.Taylo.
6. Programming the Finite Element Method : I.M. Smith, D.V.Griffiths.
7. Boundary Elements- An Introductory Course : C.A.Brebbia and J.Dominguez.
8. An Introduction to Boundary Element Methods : P.K. Kathy.
9. The Boundary Element Method in Engineering ; A.A.Becker.

68
10. Computational Elasticity : M. Ameen.
11. Boundary Element Techniques : C.A.Brebbia, J.C.F.Tellers, L.C.Wrobel
12. Underlying Principles of Boundary Element Method : D.J.Cartwright.
13. Programming the Boundary Element Method – An introduction for Engineers :
G. Beer.

B – 2.10. Image Processing (50 Marks)

Theory - 30, Assignment - 20 (Computer lab access is necessary and mandatory)

Introduction, image definition and its representation, neighborhood metrics, image

processing systems, 2-D orthogonal transformations of images (DFT, DCT, HT, KLT),
enhancement, contrast stretching, histogram specification, local contrast enhancement,
smoothing and sharpening, spatial/ frequency domain filtering, segmentation, pixel
classification, grey level thresh-holding, global/local thresh-holding, edge detection
operators, region growing, split/merge techniques, image feature/primitive extraction,
line detection, border following, Hough transform, medial axis transform, skeletonization
/ thinning, shape properties, compression, Huffman coding, block truncation coding, run-
length coding, some applications.
References:

1. R. C. Gonzalez and R. E. Woods: Digital Image Processing, Addison-Wesley,

California, 1993.
2. A. Jain: Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi,
1989.
3. B. Chanda and D. Dutta Majumder: Digital Image Processing and Analysis, Prentice
Hall of India, New Delhi, 2000.

B – 2.11: Introduction to Computer Networks (50 Marks)

Theory - 30, Assignment - 20 (Computer lab access is necessary and mandatory)

Introduction: Computer networks and distributed systems, classifications of computer

networks, layered network structures. 5 lectures

Data Communication Fundamentals: Channel characteristics, various transmission media,

different modulation techniques. 7 lectures

Network Structure: Concepts of subnets, backbone and local access; Channel sharing
techniques-FDM, TDMj Polling and concentration, message transport: circuit, message
and packet-switching, topological design of a network. 12 lectures

69
Data Link Layers: Services and design issues, framing techniques, error handling and
flow control, stop and wait, sliding window and APRPANET protocols, HDCLC
standard. 10 lectures

Network Layer: Design issues, internal organization of a subnet, routing and congestion
control techniques, network architecture and protocols, concepts in protocol design,
CCITT recommendation X.25 12 lectures

LANs and their Interconnection: Basic concepts, architectures, protocols, management

and performance of Ethernet, token ring and token bus LANS; Repeaters and Bridges. 10
lectures

Internet: IP protocol, Internet control protocols - ICMP, APR and RAPP, Internet routing
protocols OSPF, BGP and CIDR. 12 lectures

ATM: ATM switches and AAL layer protocols. 10 lectures

Network Security: Electronic mail, directory services and network management.

10 lectures

Wireless and mobile communication: Wireless transmission, cellular radio, personal

communication service, wireless protocol. Network planning, Gigabit and Terabit
technology, CDMA, WCDMA, WDM, optical communication networks. 12 lectures

References:

1. A. Tannenbaum: Computer Networks, 3rd ed., Prentice Hall India, 1996.

2. W. Stallings: ISDN and Broadband ISDN With Frame Relay and ATM, Prentice Hall,
Englewood Cliffs, 1995.

B – 2.12 : Coupled fields of Solid Mechanics and Plasticity II (50

marks)

Thermoelasticity : 25 Marks

Fundamental relations and equations of thermoelasticity . First and second law of

thermodynamics. Principle of conservation of energy and entropy balance . The
constitutive relations of thermoelasticity. Duhamel – Neumann relations . Generalized
heat conduction equation. Theorem of conservation of energy and the uniqueness
theorem of thermoelasticity. Compatibility equations. Reciprocity theorem. Simple
problems of thermoelasticity concerning disk, cylinder and sphere. Thermoelastic
complex potentials. Time harmonic plane waves, transverse, longitudinal and transient
waves in coupled thermoelasticity . Generalized thermoelasticity : Equations of extedded
and temperature rate dependent thermoelasticity, Simple problems.

1. Thermal stress : N. Noda, R.B. Hetnarki and Y. Tanigawa.

70
 2. Therory of thermal stress : B.A. Boley and J.H. Weiner.
3. Thermoelasticity : H. Purkus.
4. Dynamic problems of Thermoelasticities . W. Nowacki.

Viscoelasticity : 25 Marks

Properties of viscoelastic materials : The voigt model, the creep function, the Boltzmann
superposition principle. The Maxwell model and the standard linear model. The
relaxation function . The mechanical impedance function . Voigt model to creep function.
Maxwell model to operator equation. Viscoelastic representions for pressure- volume
effects. Stress-strain relations in different equations form. Boundary value problems.
Reciprocity relations. Viscoelastic waves in an infinite medium . Time harmonic
longitudinal, transverse and transient waves.

1. Foundations of solid mechanics : Y.C. Fung.

2. Wave Propagation in Elastic solid : J.D. Achenbach
3. Rheology Vol. I. Edited by Frederick R. Eirich.

B – 2.13 : Differential Geometry and its Applications II (50 marks)

Introduction to special theory of relativity and general theory of relativity, Manifolds of

special and general theories of relativity, Metric in a gravitational field, Motion of a free
particle in a gravitational field, Einstein law of gravitation, Metrics with spherical
symmetry, Killing equations and conservation law, Spinor formalism, General theory of
relativity in spinor formalism.

References :

1. K.YANO,K.M.KON–Differentiable Manifold.
2. D.E.BLAIR–Contact Manifolds in Riemannian Geometry,Lecture Notes in
Maths.
3. R.RESNIK–Introduction to Special Theory of Relativity.
4. D.S.LONDEN–An Introduction to Tensor Calculus,Relativity and Cosmology.
5. A.N.MATREEV–Mechanics and Theory of Relativity.

71
B – 2.14 : Dynamic Meteorology and NWP II (50 marks)

11 : Unbalanced flow
Introduction, geostrophic adjustment, example of the Lagrangian method, the case of the
anticyclone, divergence of parcels in a fluid, steam lines, the stream function.
12 : Euler and Lagrange
Introductin, geostrophic adjustment, example of the Lagrngian method, the case of
theanticyclone, divergence of parcels in a fluid, strem lines , the stream function.
13 : Velocity
Introduction, circulation, vorticity, derivation of expressions for vorticity , relative and
absolute vorticity, divergence-vorticity relation. A simple wave pattern, constant
absolute vorticity trajectories, potential vorticity.
14 : The upper air synoptic chart
Introductrion, pressure as vertical coordinate, Thermal wind Barotropic and baroclinic
structure , vorticity on isoberic surface, velocity potential.
15 : Friction in the boundary layer of the atmosphere
Introduction, the Guldberg-Mohn approximation, Balanced frictional flow, The
Newtonian concept of friction, The surface layer, The spiral or Ekman layer.
16 : Some more advanced equation
The divergence equation, The balanced equation, The omega equation.
17 : The Tropical cyclone
Introduction, structure and energy source, Genesis, Steering and development,
movement, Development, Forecasting skill, problems.
18 : Synoptic observation and Numerical model :
Synoptic observation objective analysis, subjective analysis, stream lines, common
synoptic patterns, weather associated with synoptic system, Tropical cyclone, genesis,
streing, development, movement and forecasting skill, Numerical weather models.

Reference :
5. Dynamic Meteorology- A basic course : Adrian Gordon, Warwick Grace, Peter
Schwerdtfeger, Ronald Byron-Scott.
6. Dynamical and Physical Meteorology : George J Haltiner, Frank Martin.
7. Introduction to Dynamical Meteorplogy : Holton.
8. Fundamental of atmospherica physics : Murray L Salby.

72
B – 2.15 : Dynamical Oceanography II (50 marks)
Forced Motion
Forced Motion due to Surface Stress: Ekman Transport. Ekman Pumping. Laminal
Ekman Layer. Tide producing Forces. Barotropic Motion in the Sea: Forced Shallow
Water Equation.
Baroclinic Response of the Ocean.
Response of the Ocean to a Moving Storm. Spin Down by Bottom Friction. Buoyancy
Forcing. Response to Stationary Forcing: Barotropic Case. Forced Baroclinic Vortex.
Effects of Slide Boundary
Effects of Rotation on Selches and Tides in Narrow Channels and Gulfs. Poincare Waves
in a Uniform Channel. Kelvin Waves. Modes in an Infinite Channel of Uniform Width.
End Effects for Selches and Tides in a Gulf that is not Narrow. Adjustment to
Equilibrium to a Channel. Tides. Storm Surges on an Open Coast Line. Forced Kelvin
Waves. Coastal Upwelling. Continental Shelf waves. Coastally Trapped Waves. Eastern
Boundary Currents.
Tropics
Effects of Earth’s Curvature: Shallow Water Equation on the Sphere. Potential Vorticity
for a Shallow Homogeneous Layer. Equatorial Beta Plane. Equatorial Kelvin Wave.
Equatorial Waveguide: Gravity Waves. Planetary Waves and Quasi-geostrophic Motion.
Baroclinic Motion near Equator. Vertically Propagating Equatorial Waves. Adjustment
under Gravity near the Equator. Transient Forced Motion. Potential Vorticity for
Baroclinic Motion. Steady Forced Motion. Tropical Circulation of the Atmosphere.
Tropical Ocean Currents.
Mid Latitude
Mid Latitude Beta Plane. Planetary Waves. Spin up of the Ocean by an applied Wind
Stress. Steady Ocean Circulation. Western Boundary Currents. Non-linear Quasi-
geostrophic Flow. Small Disturbances on a Zonal Flow varying with Latitude and Height.
Deduction of Vertical Motion from Quasi-geostrophic Equation.

Instabilities, Fronts and General Circulation

Free Waves in Presence of Horizontal Temperature Gradient. Baroclinic Instability: the
Eddy Problem. Baroclinic Instability: the Charney Problem. Necessary Condition for
Instability. Barotropic Instability. Eddies in the Ocean. Fronts. Life-cycle of a Baroclinic
Disturbance. General Circulation of Atmosphere.

References:
5. O. M. Philips: Dynamics of the Upper Ocean. Cambridge University Press (1966)

73
6. J. Pedlosky:. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics. Springer (1987)
7. G. P. Pickand: Descriptive Physical Oceanography. Oxford Pergaman Press
(1975)
8. A. E. Gill: Atmospheric Ocean Dynamics. Academic Press (1982)

B – 2.16 : Elastodynamics – II  (50 Marks) 

 
Two dimensional wave propagation. Plane elastic waves in a half‐space with free 
boundary.  Reflection  of  plane  waves  at  a  plane  surface.  Time  harmonic  SH‐
waves due to a line source on the free surface of a semi‐infinite media. Moving 
line load on the surface of a half‐space.  
 
Elastic waves in infinite plates. Longitudinal waves in an infinite rod of circular 
cross section. Scattering of waves by cylindrical cavity. Scattered energy. 
 
The  Sommerfield  diffraction  problem.  Diffraction  of  elastic  waves  by  a  crack. 
Diffraction of elastic waves by a rigid strip. 
 
Nonlinear  wave  propagation  :  One  dimensional  nonlinear  waves.  Hyperbolic 
systems and characteristics. Formation and propagation of  Shock waves.  
 
 
References : 
 
 
1.  Elastodynamics, Vol.‐II : A.C.Eringen and E.S.Suhubi. 
2.  Wave Motion in Elastic Solids : K.F.Graff. 
3.  Stress waves in Solids : H.Kolsky. 
4.  Wave Propagation in Elastic Solids : J.D.Achenbach. 
5.  Wave Motion : J.Billingham and A.C.King. 
6.  Elastic Wave Propagation : A.Bedford and D.S.Drumheller. 
7.  Elastic Waves in Layered Media : W.M.Ewing, W.S.Jardetzky and F.Press. 
8.  On  Wave  propagation  in  Elastic  Solids  with  cracks  :  Ch.  Zhang  and  D. 
Gross. 
9. Linear and Nonlinear Waves : G.B

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B – 2.17 : General Theory of Relativity and Cosmology II (50 Marks)

What is cosmology ? Homogeneity and isotropy of the universe. The Weyl Postulate. The
cosmological principle. General relativistic cosmological models. Cosmological
observations. The Olbers Paradox. The Friedman Cosmological Models (dust and
radiation models). Cosmologies with a non-zero λ . Hubble’s Law, the age of the4
Universe. Gravitational red shift and Cosmological redshift.

The spherically symmetric space-time : Schwarzschild solution. Patrick orbits in the

Schwarzschild space-time. Newtonian approximation. Photon orbits. Birkhoffs theorem.
Equilibrium of Massive spherical objects. The Schwarzschild Interior solution. The
interior structure of the star. Realistic stars and gravitational collapse. White dwarfs,
Neutron stars.

Gravitational collapse of a homogeneous dust ball. Schwarzschild black hole . Simple

idea of black hole physics.

Reference:s :
1. General Relativity and Cosmololgy – J.V. Narlikar.
2. A first course in general relativity – B.F. Schultz.
3. Introduction to cosmology - J.V. Narlikar.
4. An Introduction to Mathematical Cosmology – J.N. Islam (Camb.Univ.Press).
5. Gravitation and Cosmology – S. Weinberg (J. Wiley and Sons.)
6. General Relativity, Astrophysics and Cosmology – Raychaudhuri, Banerji and
Banerjee (Springer-Verlag).
7. Introduction to Cosmology – M. Ross (J. Wiley and Sons).

Home
B – 2.18 : Generalised Functions and Wavelet Theory II (50 Marks)

Wavelets 50 Marks

Introduction – An overview. From Fourier analysis to Wavelet analysis. Classification of

Wavelets. Different ways of constructing wavelets. Orthonormal bases generated by
single function. Wavelet frames for L2(R). Local sine and cosine bases and the

75
construction of some wavelets. The unitary operators and the smooth projections.
Multiresolution analysis and construction of wavelets. Construction of compactly
supported wavelets and estimates for its smoothness. Orthogonal wavelet packets. Band
limited wavelets. Orthogonality. Completeness. Franklin wavelets and spline wavelets on
the real line.
Applications: Wavelet data compression – Image compression, Transform image
compression system, Wavelet image compression, Embedded coding and the wavelet-
difference-reduction compression algorithm. Multiresolution audio compression.
Denoising algorithms.

References :

1. An Introduction to Wavelets : C.K.Chui.

2. A first course on Wavelets : E.Hernandez and G.Weiss.
3. Wavelet Analysis : Howard L.Resnikoff and Raymond O. Wells Jr.
4. Wavelets : Mathematics and Applications : Edited by J.J.Benedetto and
M.W.Frazier.
5. A primer on Wavelets and their scientific applications : J.S.Walker.
6. An Introduction to wavelets through linear algebra : Michael W. Frazier.
7. Wavelet Transform and Time-Frequency signal Analysis : L. Debnath.
Home
( 20 )
B –2. 19 : Graph Theory II ( 50 Marks )

Planarity of Graphs : Drawing graphs in a plane, Planar Graphs, Planar embeddings,

Dual Graphs, Euler’s Formula, Maximal Planar Graphs. Subdivisions, Kuratowski’s
Theorem, Convex Embedding. Planarity Testing Algorithm. Coloring of planar graphs,
Edge-contraction, Five color theorem, Kempe’s chain, Four Color Theorem (Statement
only). Crossing Number. ( 10 )
Directed Graphs : Definitions and examples, Vertex degrees, Eulerian Digraphs,
Orientations and Tournaments, Network and Flow problem, Max Flow – Min Cut
Theorem, Algorithm for finding maximum flow. ( 10 )
Matching : Maximum Matching Problem, Hall’s Marriage Theorem, Minimum
covering problems : Vertex Cover, Konig-Egervary Theorem, Edge Cover and its
characterization in terms of independence number. ( 10 )
Practical : Programs and Algorithms on problems of graph theory (mentioned above).
( 20 )
References :
1. Introduction to Graph Theory, Douglas B. West, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi 2003.
2. Graph Theory, F. Harary, Addison-Wesley, 1969.

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 3. Basic Graph Theory, K.R. Parthasarathi, Tata McGraw-Hill Publ. Co. Ltd., New
Delhi, 1994.
4. Graph Theory Applications, L.R. Foulds, Narosa Publishing House, New
Delhi,1993.
5. Graph Theory with Applications, J.A. Bondy and U.S.R. Murty, Elsevier science,
1976.
6. Graphs and Digraphs, G. Chartrand and L. Lesniak, Chapman & Hall, 1996.
7. Theory of Graphs, O. Ore, AMS Colloq. 38, Amer.Math.Soc., 1962.
8. Graph Theory, R. Gould, Benjamin / Cummings, 1988.
9. Graph Theory, J. Gross and J. Yellen, CRC Press, 1999.
10. Graph Theory with Applications to Engineering and Computer Science, Narsingh
Deo, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi, 1997.

B – 2.20: Information Theory and Coding II (50 Marks)

The communication channel. Coding problems. Types of codes. Weight and distance.
Block codes. Error detecting and error correcting codes. Linear codes. Hamming codes.
Error-correction capabilities of linear codes. Hoffman codes. Generating matrices and
Encoding. Parity-check matrices. Equivalent codes. Distance of a linear code. Maximum
Likelyhood Decoding (MLD) for linear codes. Dual codes Galay codes.

Cyclic linear codes : Polynomials and words. The cyclic codes. Polynomial Encoding
and Decoding. Construction of cyclic codes. Dual cyclic codes.

BCH Codes : Finite fields. Minimal polynomials. Cyclic Hamming codes. BCH codes.
Decoding 2 error-correcting BCH code.

References :
1. Elements of Information Theory : Thomas M. Cover and Joy A. Thomas.
2. The Theory of Information and coding : R.J. McEliece.
3. Information Theory, Inference and learning algorithms : David J.C. Kackay.
4. Information Theory : R. Ash.
5. An introduction to information theory : F.M. Reza.
6. Introduction to coding theory : J.H. Van Lint.
7. Coding Theory – The Essentials : D.G. Hoffman,D.A.Leonard, C.C. Lindner,
K.T. Phelps, C.A. Rodger and J.R. Wall.
8. A first course in coding theory : R. Hill.
9. Error correcting coding theory : M.Y. Rhee.
10. Algebraic coding theory : E.R. Berlekamp.

B – 2.21 : Magneto Fluid Mechanics II (50 Marks)

MHD waves

Alfven’s wave and velocity, governing equation for Alfven’s wave, MHD waves in
compressible fluids (i.e. Magneto acoustic wave), reflection and refraction of Alfven’s
wave, Waves of finite amplitude, Dissipation effects in a viscous medium.
Hydromagnetic stability

77
Preliminaries, the method of small oscillations (the stability problem of an unbounded
gravitating adiabatic gas in the presence of a magnetic field), the energy principle, the
virial theorem, marginal stability, the Benard problem with a magnetic field.
Hydromagnetic shock waves
Introduction, Stationary plane shoke waves in the absence of a magnetic field, Stationary
plane shock wave in the presence of a magnetic field normal to the direction of flow,
oblique shocks.
Turbulence
Introduction, spectral analysis, Hydromagnetic turbulence, Inhibition of turbulence by a
magnetic field.

References:
1) An introduction to Magneto-Fluid Mechanics-V, C.A>Ferraro & C. Plumpton.
2) Magneto Hydrodynamics – T.G. Cowling.
3) Text Book on Fluid Dynamics – F. Chorlton.
4) Magneto-Fluid Dynamics for Engineers and Physicists – K.R. Cramer & S.I. Pai.
5) Magneto Gas dynamics & plasma dynamics – S.I. Pai.

B – 2.22 : Mathematical Ecology II (50 Marks)

Effect of Nutrients on autotrophy-herbivore interaction:
Introduction, Models on nutrient recycling and its stability, Effect of nutrients on
autotrophy herbivore stability, Models on herbivore nutrient recycling on autotrophic
production.
Interactions of detritus and decomposers:
Introduction, influence of decomposers on nutrient recycling. Donor-Controlled models
and its stability, Effects of higher trophic levels in the detritus-based food chain.
Interaction of Ratio-dependent models:
Introduction, May’s model, ratio-dependent models of two interacting species, Two prey-
one predator system with ratio-dependent predator influence- its stability and persistence.
Ecological Succession:
Introduction, Succession in a three species food chain model, Models of succession under
gradual changes in nutrient level in a food web.
Dynamics of Phytoplankton-Zooplankton system:
Introduction, Models on phytoplankton-zooplankton system and its stability, Bio-control
in plankton models with nutrient recycling.

References:

4. H. I. Freedman - Deterministic Mathematical Models in Population Ecology

5. Mark Kot (2001): Elements of Mathematical Ecology, Cambridge Univ. Press.
6. D. Alstod (2001): Basic Populas Models of Ecology, Prentice Hall, Inc., NJ.

Home

78
B – 2.23: Mathematical Statistics II (50 Marks)

Bayesian inference. Loss function. Decision function. Complete and minimal complete
classes. Admissibility. Minimax solution. Bayes solution.
Inference related to linear models – one and several parametric functions. Setup with
restrictions. Analysis of variance. One-way classified data. Two-way classified data with
single/multiple observations per cell.
General theory of regression. Test for an assigned regression function.
Principal component analysis. Basic concepts of factor analysis.
Non-parametric inference. Distribution of order statistics. Robustness. Distribution-free
methods. Standard non-parametric tests for location and independence.
Sequential probability ratio test and its properties. Fundamental identity. Sequential
estimation.
References:
4. Rao, C.R. – Linear Statistical Inference and its Applications.
5. Wilks, S.S. – Mathematical Statistics.
6. Ferguson, T.S. – Mathematical Statistics.

B -2. 24 : Measure and Topology II (50 Marks)

Measure and Category :

Measure and Category on Real Line, Countable and Uncountable Sets, Sets of First
Category, Null Sets, Theorems of Cantor, Baire and Borel, Application of Category
Method to Nowhere Differentiable Functions, Liouville Numbers, Algebraic and
Transcendental Numbers, Measure and Category of the Set of Liouville Numbers.
Lebesgue Measure in r space: Definitions and Principal Properties, Measurable Sets, The
Lebesgue Density Theorem.
The Property of Baire, Its Analogy to Measurability, Properties of Regular Open Sets,
Existence of Certain Non-Measurable Sets, Vitali Sets, Bernstein Sets, Ulam’s Theorem,
Kuratowski-Ulam Theorem.
Theorems of Lusin and Egoroff on Continuity of Measurable Functions and of Functions
having the Property of Baire, Uniform Convergence on Subsets.
The Space of Automorphisms of an Interval, Effect of Monotone Substitution on
Riemann Integrability, Nullsets Equivalent to Sets of First Category, Open Sets of First
Category or Measure Zero, Montegomery’s Lemma, Banach Category Theorem,
Theorems of Marczewski and Sikorski, Cardinals of Measure Zero, Decomposition into a
Nullset and a Set of First Category.
Similarities between the Classes of Sets of Measure Zero and of First Category, The
Principle of Duality, Sierpinski-Erdos Duality Theorem, Examples of Duality, Lusin Sets
and their Duals, Extended Principle of Duality.
Category Measure Spaces: Spaces in which Category and Measure Agree, Topolgies
generated by Lower Densities, The Lebesgue Density Topology.

79
References :

1. Halmos, P.R., Measure Theory, Van Nostrand, Princeton, 1950.

2. Oxtoby, J.C., Measure and Category, Springer Verlag, 1980.
3. Berberian, S.K., Measure and Integration, Chelsea Publishing Company, NY, 1965.
4. Barra, G.de, Measure Theory and Integration, Wiley Eastern Ltd., 1981.
5. Rana, I.K., An Introduction to Measure and Integration, Narosa Publishing House,
Delhi, 1997
6. Bartle, R.G., The Elements of Integration, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., NY, 1966.

B – 2.25 : Mechanics of Viscous fluids and Boundary layer Theory II

(50 Maks)

Fundamental concept of boundary layer when the Reynolds number is moderately large.
Prandtl’s equation of the boundary layer. Expressions of displacement thickness and
momentum thickness of the boundary layer. Vorticity and stress components within the
boundary layer in two dimensional motion. Separation of boundary layer from an
obstacle.

Blasius equation for steady two dimensional motion past a flat plate and its solution in
the form of an infinite series. Boundary layer for two dimensional steady converging
radial flow between two non parallel walls. Boundary layer for two dimensional jet. Flow
symmetrical about a free stream lines. Problem of steady three dimensional jet. Karman’s
integral equation of the boundary layer ; interpretation of its terms. Alternative form of
integral equation in term of displacement, thickness and momentum thickness.
Application of Karman’s integral equation in the study of the approximate solutions of
steady two dimensional flow past a flat plate and comparison with the corresponding
exact solutions; calculations of frictional resistance on both sides of the plate and
checking of errors. Application of this method by assuming liner, quadratic, cubic, and
biquadratic distribution of velocity. Lamb’s Trigonometric solution. Mises’
Transformation of boundary layer equation into an equation of the conduction of heat
with variable coefficient of conduction.
Non steady boundary layers, method of successive approximation and its application in
the case of a flat plate impulsively set in motion. Unsteady motion of oscillatory cylinder
and deduction of oscillatory motion of a piston.

References :

1. Viscous flow theory, Vol.I --- S.I. Pai

2. Hydrodynamics --- H. Lamb
9. New methods in laminar boundary layer theory --- D. Meksyn.
10. Elementary treatise on hydrodynamics and sound --- A.B. Besset.
11. Modern developments in fluid dynamics --- S. Goldstein.
12. Boundary layer theory --- H. Schlichting.
13. Laminar boundary layers --- L. Rosenhead.

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B – 2.26 : Non-linear and Dynamic Programming II (50 Marks)

Multi-stage process of discrete and deterministic type. Associated functions. Recurrence

relations. Continuous Multi-stage process. Trajectory process. Trajectory in non-
homogenous atmosphere. Rabbit and dog problem.
Multi-stage decision process. of discrete and deterministic type. Return function policy.
Bellman’s optimality principle. Recurrence relation for return function. Continuous
Multi-stage decision process. Calculus of variations as special case.
Deduction of Eikenal equation by the principle of Multi-stage decision process. Shortest
path in a network. Discrete and continuous feedback control process. Solution of some
non-linear programming problems by dynamic programming.
Some existence theorems for fundamental functional equations in dynamic programming.
References:
1. Avriel – Nonlinear Programming.
2. Mangasarian – Nonlinear Programming
3. Kambo – Mathematical Programming Techniques.
4. Bellman and Kalaba – Nonlinear Programming and Modern Control Theory.

B -2. 27 : Introduction to Cryptography : 50 Marks

Public Key Cryptography, RSA Cryptosystem, Diffie-Hellma and the Digital Structure
Algorithm, Secret Sharing, Coin Flipping, Passwords, Signatures, and Ciphers, Practical
Cryptosystems and Useful Impractical Ones.
Complexity of Computations, Big-O Notation, Length of Numbers, Time Estimates, P,
NP, and NP-Completeness.

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Hidden Monomial Cryptosystems: The Imai-Matsumoto System, Patarin’s Little Dragon,
Systems That Might Be More Secure.
Combinatorial-Algebraic Cryptosystems: Irrelevance of Bassard’s Theorem, Concrete
Combinatorial-Algebraic System, The Basic Computational Algebra Problem,
Cryptographic Version of Ideal Membership, Linear Algebra Attacks, Designing a Secure
System.
Note : This course is based on the book [5]; Chapters 1-5.

References :
1. Ireland & Rosen, A Classical Introduction to Modern Number Theory, Springer.
2. Niven, I., Zuckerman, S.H., Montgomery, L.H., An Introduction to the Theory of .
Numbers, Wiley.
3. Serre, J.-P., A Course in Arithmetic, Springer.
4. Cassels, J.W.S., Frolich, A., Algebraic Number Theory, Cambridge.
5. Koblitz, N., Algebraic Aspects of Cryptography, Springer.
6. Delfs, H., Knebl, H., Introduction to Cryptography, Springer, 2003.

B -2. 28. Introduction to Compiler Design (50 Marks)

Theory - 30, Assignment - 20 (Computer lab access is necessary and mandatory)

Introduction: Compiler, phases and passes, bootstrapping, finite state machines and
regular expressions and their applications to lexical analysis, implementation to lexical
analysers, lexical-analyser generator; LEX-compiler. 15 lectures
Syntax Analysis: Formal grammars, and their application to syntax analysis, BNF
notation, ambiguity, LL(k) and LR(k) grammar, bottom-up and top-down parsers,
operator precedence, simple precedence, recursive descent and predictive parsers, LR(k)
parsers, parse table generation, grammars in YACC. 25 lectures
Syntax directed translation: Quadruples, triples, 3-address code, code generation for
standard constructs with top-down and bottom-up parsers, procedure calls, record
structuring. 15 lectures
Code optimization: Loop optimization, DAG analysis, loop identification by flow
dominance, depth-first search, reducible flow graphs, legal code motion, induction
variables, data flow analysis, u-d and d-u chains, copy propagation, elimination of global
sub-expressions, constant folding, code hoisting, forward and backward data flow
equations, inter procedural data flow analysis. 15 lectures
Code generation: Problems in code generation, code generator, register assignment and
allocation problems, usage count, code generation from DAG, peephole optimization.
10 lectures

82
Symbol table: Data structure and management, runtime storage administration, error
detection and recovery; Lexical, syntactic and semantic errors, case studies with real life
compilers. 10 lectures

References:
1. A. V. Aho, R. Sethi and J. Ullman: Compilers: Principles, Techniques and Tools,
Addison- Wesley, California, 1986.
2. A. Appel: Modern Compiler Implementation in Java, Cambridge Univ. Press, London,
1997.
3. J. R. Levine, T. Mason and D. Brown: lex & yacc, SPD, O’REILLY, Calcutta, 1999.

B –2. 29 : Operator Algebra II (50 Marks)

Von Neumann Algebras :

Von Neumann algebras, Monotone sequence of operators, Range Projections, The

Commutant, The Double Commutant theorem, The Kaplansky Density theorem, Lºº as
Von Neumann Algebra, Maximal Abelian Algebras, Abelian Von Neumann Algebras,
Cyclic and separating vectors, Representation of Abelian Von Neumann Algebras, The
Lºº functional calculus, Connectedness of the unitary group, The projection lattice,
Kaplansky’s formula, The centre of a Von Neumann Algebra, Various types of
projections.

References :

1. Bonsall and Duncan, Complete Normed algebras, Springer-Verlag.

6. Kadison and Ringrose, Fundamentals of operator theory, Vol. I and II,
Academic press.
7. Rickart, General theory of Banach Algebras, : Van Nostrand.
8. W. Arveson, An invitation to C*-Algebras, Springer-Verlag.
9. Palmer, Banach Algebras and the general theory of C*-algebras, Cambridge
University Press.

B – 2.30: Operator Theory II (50 Marks)

Selfadjoint operators: (50 Marks)

Spectral properties of bounded selfadjoint linear operators on a complex Hilbert space,
Positive operators, Square root of a positive operator, Projection operators, Spectral
family of a bounded selfadjoint linear operator and its properties, Spectral theorem for a
bounded selfadjoint linear operator.

Normal Operators:
Spectral properties for bounded normal operators, Spectral theorem for bounded normal
operators.

83
Unbounded linear operators in Hilbert space:
Hellinger-Toeplitz theorem, Symmetric and selfadjoint operators, Closed linear
operators, Spectrum of an unbounded selfadjoint linear operator, Cayley Transformation
U = (T-i I) (T + i I)-1 of an operator T, Spectral theorem for unitary and selfadjoint
operators, Multiplication operator and differentiation operator, Application to Quantum
Mechanics.

Reference Books :
6. Erwin Kreyszig, Introductory Functional Analysis with Applications, John Wiley
and sons.
7. G. Bachman and L. Narici, Functional Analysis, Dover Publications.
8. A . Taylor and D. Lay, Introduction to Functional Analysis, John Wiley and
Sons.
9. N. Dunford and J.T. Schwarts, Linear Operators – 3, John Wiley and Sons.
10. P.R. Halmos, Introduction to Hilbert space and the theory of Spectral
Multiplicity, Chelsea Publishing Co., N.Y.

B – 2.31: Plasma Mechanics II (50 Marks)

Vlasov – Boltzmann srlf-cosistent equations in collision less plasma. Plasma Oscillations.
Landau. Damping

Waves in Plasmas : Waves in warm field free plasma : Dielectric Tensor and general
dispersion relation – High frequency approximation & Low frequency approximation.
Waves in cold homogeneous magneto plasma : Dielectric Tensor and general dispersion
relation, Cut – Off & Resonance, Group Velocity, Wave normal surface, Refractive
Index, Refractive Index Surface. Different types of wave modes for different types of
approximation. Waves in warm homogeneous magneto plasma : Dielectric Tensor and
general dispersion relation, Two fluid Model, Single fluid model, Two stream instability.
Characterization of different waves in plasmas : Electron waves (electrostatic) :
Plasma Oscillations, Upper hybrid Oscillations, Ion waves (electrostatic) :Ion-acoustic
waves, Ion-cyclotron waves, Lower hybrid Oscillations, Electron waves
(electromagnetic) : - Light waves, O waves, X waves, R waves (whistler mode ), L
Waves, Ion waves (electromagnetic) : - Alfven wave, Magnetosonic wave

Nonlinear wave processes in plasma: Derivation of KdV-ZK equation for ion-acoustic

wave & Alfven , wave and their soliton solution.

Applications: Space Plasma, Solar Plasma, Gravitational Plasma, Laboratory Plasma,

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References:
3. Plasma Physics and controlled Fusion, F.F. Chen, PLENUM PRESS,
NEWYORK AND LONDON.
4. Fundamental of Plasma Physics, J.A. Bittencourt, PERGAMON PRESS,
NEWYORK AND LONDON.
Theory of Plasma waves, T.H. Stix, McGraw Hill.

B –2. 32 : Probability and Stochastic Processes II (50 Marks)

Markoff chain with stationary transition probabilities. Communication. Classification of

states. Periodicity. Transient, null recurrent and positive recurrent states. Limiting
probabilities. Ergodicity. Algebraic theory.
Continuous-parameter markoff chains. Simple Markoff processes. Poisson process
Characteristic functional. Polya process. Birth-and-death process.
Branching process. Galton-Watson process. Continuous-parameter branching process.
Age-dependent branchin process.
General theory of continuous-time processes. Kolmogoroff’s forward and backward
equations. Fokker-Planck equations. Wiener process.

References:
6. Bhat, B.R. – Modern Probability Theory.
7. Chung, K.L. – Elementary Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes.
8. Billingsley, P. – Probability and Measure.
9. Srinivasan, S.K. and Mehata, K.M. – Stochastic Processes.
10. Hoel, P.G.,Port, S.C. and Stone, C.J. – Introduction to Stochastic Processes.

B –2. 33 : Production and Inventory Control II (50 marks

Probabilistic demand models. Expected cost. Probabilistic order level systems.
Probabilistic order level systems with instantaneous demand. Probabilistic order level
systems with uniform demand. Probabilistic order level systems with lead time. Discrete
and continuous probability versions of the models. Problems on the two versions of the
models. Newspaper boy problem. Spare parts problem. Baking company problem.
Equivalence of probabilistic order level systems.
References:
Inventory Systems : Eliczer Nadder – John Wiley and Sons.
Analysis of Inventory Systems : G. Hadley and T. M. Whitin – Prentice Hall.
Principles of Inventory and Material Management : R. J. Tersine – North-Holland.

85
B- 2.34: Quantum Field Theory and Statistical Mechanics II (50 marks)

Statistical Mechanics (50 marks)

Kinetic theory of Gases : Introduction, Clausius’ Ideas, Maxwell’s law for velocity –
distribution, Boltzmann’s law of distribution. Boltzman’s Fundamental Kinetic equation,
Boltzman’s H-theorem, Equilibrium distribution Zermelo’s paradox based on Poincare’s
Recurrence theorem, Ergodic Hypothesis, Ideal gas, Mean free-paths, Boltzman’s
Transport equation and applications, virial equation of Clausius-read gas.
Statistical Mechanics after Gibbs : Introduction, some important concept of general
mechanics, Gibbs ensemble, Liouvilles theorem, canonical ensemble, fluctuation for
canonical ensemble, Microcanonical ensemble, canonical distribution in mew-space, in
configurational and momentum space, Grand ensemble and physical interpretation.
Statistical machanics based on Boltzmann’s hypothesis : Introduction. Maxwell-
Boltzmann’s statistics, system of linear oscillators and application, Bose-statistics for
photons, Bose-Einstein ideal gas-phase condensation, Fermi-Dirac statistics, steady
conduction of Heat and Electricity by Electrons in metal, Real gas – vanderwall equation
of state, Cluster expansion, phase transtions.

References::
1. The principle in statistical mechanics (Oxford Univ. Press) – R.C. Tolman.
2. Statistical Mechanics (Camb. Univ. Press) – R.H. Fowler.
3. The Kinetic Theory of gases (Dover series) – L.B. Loeb.
4. Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics (Yale Univ. Press) – J.W. Gibbs.
5. Statistical Mechanics (Wiley Eastern) – K. Huang.
6. Statistical Mechanics – J. Bhattacharya.

B – 2.35 : Queuing Theory and Game Theory II (50Marks)

1. What is Game Theory? A game is a collection of four components:
players, strategies of players, outcomes and payoffs. We call games not only like chess,
poker, bridge and so forth , but also conflicts between companies, military forces and
nations.
2. Static vs. dynamic games
3. Cooperative vs. non-cooperative games
4. Related areas
differential games, optimal control theory, mathematical economics

86
5. Application areas
corporate decision making, defense strategy, market modeling, public policy analysis,
environmental systems, distributed computing, telecommunications networks
References:

1. Introduction to Game Theory by Peter Morris, Springer

2. An Introduction to Game Theory by Martin J Osborne, Oxford University Press
3. Game Theory by L. A. Petrosjan, Nikolay A. Zenkevich, World Scientific

B – 2.36: Epidemiology and Eco-epidemiology (50 Marks)

Deterministic Epidemic Models:

Deterministic model of simple epidemic, Infection through vertical and horizontal
transmission, General epidemic- Karmac-Mackendric Threshold Theorem, Recurrent
epidemics, Seasonal variation in infection rate, allowance of incubation period, models
with undamped waves, modeling of Venereal diseases, Simple model for the spatial
spread of an epidemic.
Non Constant Total Population Model in Epidemic:
Introduction, Parasite-host system, an SIS model, an SIR model and an SIRS model.
Stochastic Epidemic Models:
Introduction, stochastic simple epidemic model, Yule-Furry model (pure birth process),
expectation and variance of infective, calculation of expectation by using moment
generating function.
Proportional Mixing Rate in Epidemic:
Introduction, SIS model with proportional mixing rate, SIRS model with proportional
mixing rate.
Eco-Epidemiology:
Introduction, host-parasite-predator systems, viral infection on phytoplankton-
zooplankton (prey-predator) system.

References:

1. N.T.J.Bailey (1975): The Mathematical Theory of Infectious Diseases and its

Application, 2nd edn. London, Griffin .
2. J.D.Murray (1990): Mathematical Biology, Springer and Verlag.
3. Vincenzo Capasso (1993): Lecture Notes in Mathematical Biology (Vol. No. 97)-
Mathematical Structures of Epidemic Systems, Springer Verlag.
4. Eric Renshaw (1990): Modelling Biological Populations in Space and Time,
Cambridge Univ. Press.
5. Busenberg and Cooke (1993): Vertically Transmitted Diseases- Models and Dynamics,
Springer Verlag.

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 B –2. 37 : Theory of Marketing Decisions II (50 marks)
Marketing management function, Sequence of marketing decisions, Marketing models-
construction and types. Certainty and the marketing decision, Risk and the marketing
decision, Uncertainty and the marketing decision, Criterion of pessimism, Criterion of
optimism, Criterion of regret, Laplace criterion, Hurwicz criterion, Decision tree analysis.

Application of Bayesian decision theory in marketing management, Subjective and

objective probability, Delphi process of pooling group opinion, Prior analysis, Posterior
analysis, Pre- posterior analysis, Comparison of prior, posterior and pre-posterior
analysis, Applications.

Advertising decisions, Determination of advertising goals – exposure, awareness and

attitude, Response of sales to advertising, Vidale–Wolfe model, Determination of
advertising budget, Monopoly advertising under static and dynamic conditions,
Competitive strategy of promotion, Competitive models under uncertainty – maximin
criterion, minimax criterion, Hurwicz criterion, Laplace criterion, minimax regret
criterion.

Consumer buying behaviour, Warranty reserve, Competitive bidding model.

References:

1. Mathematical Analysis for Economists – R. G. D. Allen : McMillan.

2. Mathematical Economics – R. G. D. Allen : McMillan.
3. Mathematical Formulation of Micro-economists – M. M. Metwally: Asia
Publishing House.
4. Quantitative Techniques for Marketing Decisions – Marvin A. Jolson and Richard
T. Hisc : McMillan.
5. Marketing Management – Philip Kotler : Prentice Hall.

B – 2.38: Theory of Semigroups II (50 Marks)

0-Simple Semigroups: Simple and 0-simple semigroups. Principal factors, Completely
simple, completely 0-simple semigroups. Rees’ theorem. Primitive idempotents. (20)
Bands: Bands, Free bands, Varieties of bands. (10)
Inverse semigroups: Definition, Elementary properties of inverse semigroups,
Congruences on inverse semigroups, Fundamental inverse semigroups. (10)
Automata Theory: Free Monoids, Languages and Codes, Automata, Rational Languages
and their Syntactic Monoids. (10)

References:
1.Fundamentals of semigroup theory, J. M. Howie, Clarendon Press, oxford, 1995.
2.An introduction to semigroup theory, J. M. Howie, Academic Press, London, 1976.

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 3.The algebraic theory of semigroups, Amer. Math. Soc., Math Surveys No. 7,
Providence, Vol I, 1961, Vol II, 1967.
4.Completely Regular Semigroups, M. Petrich and N. R. Reilly, John Wiley & Sons.
5. Introduction to semigroups, M. Petrich, Merrill, Columbus, 1973.
6.Structure of regular semigroups, M. Petrich, Univ. de Montpellier, 1977.
7.Lectures in semigroups, M. Petrich,
8.Semigroups and combinatorial applications, G. Lallement,
9.Completely 0-simple semigroups: an abstract treatment of the lattice of
congruences, Benjamin, New York, 1969.
10. A course in universal algebra, S. Burris and H. P. Sankappanavar, Springer, New
York, 1981.

B – 2.39 : Topological Groups and Harmonic Analysis II ( 50 Marks)

The Haar Integral, Haar Measure on Locally Compact Groups, Convolutions of
Functions and Measures (Discussions without proof).

Haar Measure on R, T, Z and some simple matrix groups, Approximate Identities,

Fourier Series, Fejer’s Theorem, The Classical Kernels, Fejer’s, Poissoin’s and
Dirichlet’s Summability in Norm and Pointwise Summability, Fatou’s Theorem, The
Fourier Transform, Kernels on R, The Plancherel Theorem on R, Plancherel Measure on
R.
Elements of Representation Theory, Unitary Representations of Locally Compact
Groups.

References:

1. Hewitt, E., Ross, K., Abstract Harmonic Analysis, Vol I, Academic Press, NY, 1963.
2. Bachman, G., Elements of Abstract Harmonic Analysis, Academic Press, NY and
London, 1964.
3. Rudin, W., Fourier Analysis on Groups, McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.
4. Loomis, L., An Introduction to Abstract Harmonic Analysis, Van Nostrand, N.J.,
1953.
5. Goldberg, R.R., Fourier Transforms, Cambridge University Press, London & NY,
1961.

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