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8 Analysis Part2 Chapter5

This document summarizes the evolution and components of clinical laboratory automation. It discusses the development of automation from the 1950s to address errors from manual tasks. Modern automation includes pre-analytic systems for automated delivery and processing of specimens, as well as analytic systems using closed reagent systems, sample mixing, incubation, and detection. Post-analytic systems use computerized data processing, calculations, and displaying of results. Automated systems can be designed as total laboratory automation or as modular integrated systems of various sizes.

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Aldwin Cantos
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60 views3 pages

8 Analysis Part2 Chapter5

This document summarizes the evolution and components of clinical laboratory automation. It discusses the development of automation from the 1950s to address errors from manual tasks. Modern automation includes pre-analytic systems for automated delivery and processing of specimens, as well as analytic systems using closed reagent systems, sample mixing, incubation, and detection. Post-analytic systems use computerized data processing, calculations, and displaying of results. Automated systems can be designed as total laboratory automation or as modular integrated systems of various sizes.

Uploaded by

Aldwin Cantos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MTY1205

Analysis: Clinical Laboratory Automation AY 2019-2020

I. Introduction

Evolution of Automation

Mid 1950s

Technicon Autoanalyzer
 reduce or eliminate manual tasks
 Decreased errors due to analyst fatigue and erroneous sample ID
 Single channel analyzer (one sample, one test)
 Continuous flow analysis

2. 1970
II. Pre-Analytic
Start in high level of computerization resulting to
decrease in errors Automated Delivery

1. Pneumatic Tube system


3. 1990 Earliest and most common
 point to point delivery of specimens
Total Laboratory Automation  desired to prevent hemolysis
Production of intralaboratory transportation system
2. Electrical Track Vehicles
Mechanism of Automated Analyzers
 can transport a large amount of sample
Discrete Testing  can transport ice or refrigerated packs

Measure only the tests requested on sample 3. Mobile Robots


Includes:
Centrifugal analyzer  batch delivery system
Batch type  require staff to load and unload samples at
Disadvantage: Low throughput each stop
Modular analyzer
Multiple analytes on multiple sample 4. Conveyors or Track systems
Random access testing (allows user to add on
additional units)
 for very large number of samples
 designed to transport specimen in upward or
vertically to another floor
Automated Specimen Processing

Goals:

Minimize non value added steps in the laboratory

Increase available time for value added steps

Preparedby:JeninaCamilleG.Bullago,RMT,DTA,MSMT Page 1 | FEU-MNL


MTY1205
Analysis: Clinical Laboratory Automation AY 2019-2020

Closed Reagent System


Includes: → use only the manufacturer’s reagent
Identification or Labeling
Use of barcode- most common type
Use of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) Mixing of Sample and Reagent
Dynamic data storage, not affected by cold
temperature, do not require line site reading, Magnetic stirring
require chips Rotating paddles
Sorting Forceful dispensing
Ultrasonic energy
Separating of samples by stopper color, size and test Vigorous lateral displacement
ordered

Centrifugation Incubation

Loading of tube to centrifuge Uses heating air, water and metal


After centrifugation, specimens require resorting
Detection
Decapping
IV. Post Analytic
Aliquoting

Recapping, Storage and Retrieval Data processing by computer includes:

Data acquisition
III. Analytic
Calculations
Monitoring
Sample Introduction Displaying data

Peristaltic Pumps
o Roller pumps used in ISE – Ion Selective V. Automated System Designs
Electrodes – electrolyte determination 1. Total Laboratory Automation – Pre-to Ana-
Positive Liquid Displacement Automated
dispense aspirated sample into reaction container  combination of several instruments that are
flush out samples together with diluent coupled to a specimen management to
Reagents automate large percentage of laboratory work
 Advantages:
Types: Reduce labeling errors
Lyophilized – powder form → needs Reduce turnaround time
reconstitution Decrease overall errors
 Disadvantages:
Ready to Use → wet or dry reagents High financial investment
Needs large floor space
Categories of Automated Analyzers based on
Reagent System
2. Modular Integrated System
Open Reagent System
→ other than the manufacturer’s reagent can
be used  Good for smaller system
 Requires less initial capital investment and
planning

Preparedby:JeninaCamilleG.Bullago,RMT,DTA,MSMT Page 2 | FEU-MNL


MTY1205
Analysis: Clinical Laboratory Automation AY 2019-2020

VI. Configuration of Automated Modules

1. Workstation Consolidation
 unique environment within laboratory facility dedicated to one type of testing

2. Work Cells
 pre-analytic & post-analytic specimen processing capabilities

3. Fully Integrated Systems


 integrate several modules into one continuous system that will allow the user to assay photometric
chemistry, immunoassay chemistries, both homogeneous and heterogeneous, and electrochemistries

Preparedby:JeninaCamilleG.Bullago,RMT,DTA,MSMT Page 3 | FEU-MNL

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