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Lecture 2 - Load Calculation in Structures PDF

The document discusses structural load estimation and load path analysis. It explains how to trace loads from slabs through beams, girders, columns, and foundations. Methods are presented for estimating dead loads from member self-weight and live loads from occupancy. Tributary areas are used to determine beam and column loads from floor loads. Lateral load estimation covers seismic loads based on site conditions and wind loads.

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kaica
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595 views

Lecture 2 - Load Calculation in Structures PDF

The document discusses structural load estimation and load path analysis. It explains how to trace loads from slabs through beams, girders, columns, and foundations. Methods are presented for estimating dead loads from member self-weight and live loads from occupancy. Tributary areas are used to determine beam and column loads from floor loads. Lateral load estimation covers seismic loads based on site conditions and wind loads.

Uploaded by

kaica
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CETHEORY 1 - STRUCTURAL THEORY 1

Lecture 2: Estimation and Application of Loads in Structures

Annthony Pantaleon, CE
FEU – Institute of Technology
Structural Load Path

The structural design is performed by “chasing


the loads” of the dead and live load from slabs
to beams to girders, then on to the columns or
walls. The loads are then carried down to the
footing or foundation walls and finally to the
earth below.

• The path that a load travels through the


structural system
• “Tracing” or “chasing” the loads
• Each structural element must be designed
for all loads that pass through it
Girder

Beam

Column
Footing

Partial View of 2nd Floor Framing


For clarity the ground floor slab, 2nd floor slab, roof framing, and roof deck are not shown.
Structural Load Path

• Load Path for Gravity Loads


Structural Load Path

• Load Path for Lateral Loads


Gravity Load Estimation

Uniformly Distributed Load Concentrated Load


Gravity Load Estimation
• Dead Load Estimation (Self-Weight)
Gravity Load Estimation
• Dead Load Estimation (Self-Weight)
Gravity Load Estimation
• Dead Load Estimation (Self-Weight)

The prestressed concrete girder is


made from plain stone concrete and
four -in. cold-form steel reinforcing
rods. Determine the dead weight of
the girder per foot of its length.
Gravity Load Estimation
• Live Load Estimation (Occupancy) Adobe Acrobat
Document
Load Transfer (Slab to Beam)

Comparison of One-
way and Two-way
slab behavior
One-way slabs carry
load in one direction.
Two-way slabs carry
load in two directions.
Load Transfer (Slab to Beam)

Comparison of One-way
and Two-way slab
behavior

One-way and two-way


slab action carry load in
two directions.

One-way slabs: Generally, long side/short side > 1.5


Load Transfer (Slab to Beam)

Comparison of
One-way and
Two-way slab
behavior
Beam

Design Area

Girder

Partial 2nd FLOOR FRAMING PLAN Girder


Tributary Area 3’- 4” Half the
distance to each
adjacent beam

Beam B.3
6’-8”
Tributary
Width

Partial 2nd FLOOR FRAMING PLAN

Tributary Area = Beam Span (length) x Tributary Width


Beam B.3
6'-8''
Tributary
Width

Beam Uniform Load = Floor Loading (psf) x Tributary Width (ft)


Beam B.3
6'-8''
Tributary
Width

Tributary Area = Beam Span (length) x Tributary Width


Tributary Area = (18 ft) ∙ (6.67 ft) = 120 ft2
Load Transfer (Slab to Beam)

The steel framework is used to support


the reinforced stone concrete slab that
is used for an office. The slab is 200 mm
thick. Sketch the loading that acts along
members BE and FED. 1. Let a = 2m and
b= = 5m 2. Let a=2m and b=4m
Calculating Beam Loading
Assume that the floor system must support its
own weight of 2.4 kPa (dead load) and a live load
of 4.8 kPa. What is the uniform load applied to the
beam? Use ASD and LRFD combinations.
Calculating Girder Loading
Exterior
Girder

Beam

DESIGN AREA

Interior
Girder

Partial 2nd FLOOR FRAMING PLAN


Calculating Column Loads
Beam

Girder
Calculating Column Loads

1
2
(20 ft)  10 ft

Tributary Area = (18 ft)(20 ft) = 360 ft2


Calculating Column Loads
Assume that the floor system must support its
own weight of 2.4 kPa (dead load) and a live load
of 4.8 kPa. What is the column load for column
B3?
Column Load = Tributary Area ∙ Total Floor Load
Concept of Pattern Loading

24
Lateral Load Estimation
• Seismic Load Estimation (intro only!.. will be discussed on CE ELECT next term??

Zone 2 – Sulu, Tawi


Tawi, and Palawan
Zone 4 – the rest of the
Philippines
Lateral Load Estimation
• Seismic Load Estimation
Site Geology and Soil Characteristics

Excerpt from a soil report

31 August 2019 USEFUL GRAPHICS 26


Lateral Load Estimation
• Seismic Load Estimation
Site Geology and Soil Characteristics

31 August 2019 USEFUL GRAPHICS 27


Lateral Load Estimation
• Seismic Load Estimation
Near Source Factor and Seismic Source

31 August 2019 28
Lateral Load Estimation
• Seismic Load Estimation
Near Source Factor and Seismic Source

31 August 2019 29
Lateral Load Estimation
• Seismic Load Estimation

PHIVOLCS Fault Finder http://faultfinder.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/


Lateral Load Estimation
• Wind Load Estimation

Separate discussion along


with truss analysis

31 August 2019 31

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