Influence Line for Girder

• Forces Apply to the Girder

P1 P2

A F
H G
B C D
a b
L

P1 P2

A B D

(b/L)P1 (a/L)P1 P2
A B C F D E
H G
60
• Reaction

A 0.5 0.5 F
H G
RH RG

RH

61
 1

A 0.5 0.5 F
H G

RH RG

RG

62
• Shear
1 1

A 0.5 0.5 1 F
H G
C
a b b b
L

VC

VC

2b/L

VC 1
x
-(a+b)/L
63
 1 1

A 0.5 0.5 0.5 F 0.5

H G
a b
L

VCD

VCD

b/L

VCD x

-a/L

64
• Bending Moment

1 1
C
A 0.5 0.5 1 F
H G
C
a b

MC MC
ab/L
MC
x

65
 1 1
B C D E
A 0.5 0.5 0.5 F 0.5
H G
a b

MF MF

ab/L

MF
x

66
Example 6-5

Draw the influence for

- the Reaction RG and RF
- Shear VCD
- the moment MC and MH

A H
F
G C1.5 m 1.5 m D

3m 3m 3m 3m

67
 A H
F
1.5 m 1.5 m
G
3m RG 3m 3m 3m

1.333
1
0.667
RG 0.333
x

68
 A H
F
1.5 m 1.5 m
G
RF
3m 3m 3m 3m

1
0.667
RF 0.333
x

-0.333

69
 1

A 0.5 H 0.5
F
C 1.5 m 1.5 m D
G
3m 3m 3m 3m

VCD

VCD

4.5/9
VCD 0.333 0.333
x

-0.333 -4.5/9

70
 1
A H
1
F
C 1.5 m 1.5 m
G
3m 3m 3m 3m

MC MC

(3)(6)/9 = 2
MC 1

-2

71
 1

A 0.5 H 0.5
F
1.5 m 1.5 m
G
3m 3m 3m 3m

MH MH

(4.5)(4.5)/9 = 2.25
MH 1.5 1.5

-1.5

72
Example 6-6

Draw the influence line diagrams of girder for

- the reaction at C and G,
- shear at E and H,
- bending moment at H.

2m

A
B G
C D E H F
6 @ 4 m = 24 m

73
 SOLUTION

2m

A
B G
C D E H F

RC6 @ 4 m = 24 m

1.25
1
0.75
0.50
0.25
RC

74
 1 2m

A 1
B G
C D E H F
6 @ 4 m = 24 m RG

0.75 1
0.50
0.25
RG
-0.25

75
 1 1 2m

A 1 1
B G
C D E H F
6 @ 4 m = 24 m

8m 8m
VE

VE
8/16 = 0.5
0.25 0.25
VE
-0.25 -8/16 = 0.5

76
 1 1
2m

A 1 0.5 0.5
B G
C D E H F
6 @ 4 m = 24 m

10 m 6m
VH

VH
6/16 = 0.375
0.25 0.25
VH
-0.25
-0.50 -10/16 = 0.625
77
 1 1
2m

A 1 0.5 0.5
B G
C D E H F
6 @ 4 m = 24 m

10 m 6m

MH MH

(10)(6)/16 = 3.75
3 2.50
1.50
MH

-1.50

78
Example 6-7

A F
H G
B C2 m 2m D
2m 2m 4m 4m 4m

Draw the influence for

- the Reaction RG and RH
- Shear VC and VCD
- the moment MC, MD, and MF
and determine the maximum for
- the Reaction (RG)max and (RH)max
- Shear (VCD)max
due to
- a uniform dead load 2 kN/m
- a uniform live load 5 kN/m
- a concentrated live load 50 kN

79
 1

A 0.5 0.5 F
H G
B C 2m 2m D
RH RG
2m 2m 4m 4m 4m

1
10/14
6/14
2/14
1/14
RG

80
 1
E
A 0.5 0.5 F
H G
B C 2m 2m D
R2H m RG
2m 4m 4m 4m

1 12/14
8/14
6/14 4/14
RH

81
 1 1

A 0.5 0.5 1 F
H G
B C 2m 2m D

2m 2m 4m 4m 4m

VC

VC

8/14
4/14
VC 1
x
-1/14 -2/14 -6/14
82
 1 1

A 0.5 0.5 0.5 F 0.5

H G
B C 2m 2m D

2m 2m 4m 4m 4m

VF

VF

6/14
4/14
VCD x
-1/14 -2/14
-6/14 -8/14
83
 1 1

A 0.5 0.5 1 F
H G
B C 2m 2m D

2m 2m 4m 4m 4m

MC MC

(2/6)(3.43) (6)(8)/14 = 3.43

(4/8)(3.43)
MC
x

84
 1 1
E
A 0.5 0.5 F 1
H G
B C 2m 2m D
2m 2m 4m 4m 4m

MD MD

(6/10)(2.86) (10)(4)/14 = 2.86

(2/10)(2.86)
MD x

85
 1 1

A 0.5 0.5 0.5 F 0.5

H G
B C 2m 2m D
2m 2m 4m 4m 4m

MF MF

(8)(6)/14=3.428
2.571
0.857 2.285
MF 0.429
x

86
Maximum Reaction
50 kN

5 kN/m
B C D E 2 kN/m
A F
H G
2m 2m
2m 2m 4m 4m 4m

1
10/14
6/14
2/14
1/14 [0.5×4 (2/14)] + [(0.5)(2/14 + 1)(12) = 7.143
RG

(RG)max = (2)(7.143) + (5)(7.143) + (50)(1)

= 100 kN

87
Maximum Reaction
50 kN

5 kN/m
B C D E 2 kN/m
A F
H G
2m 2m
2m 2m 4m 4m 4m

12/14
8/14
6/14 4/14
(0.5)(16)(12/14) = 6.857
RH

(RH)max = (2)(6.857) + (5)(6.857) + (50)(12/14)

= 90.86 kN

88
Maximum Shear
50 kN
5 kN/m

B C D E2 kN/m
A F
H G
C 2m 2m D

2m 2m 4m 4m 4m

2.4 m 4/14
VCD
-1/14 -2/14 + (0.5)(5.6)(4/14) = + 0.8
-6/14
-[0.5(4)(2/14) + 0.5(2/14) + (6/14)(4) + 0.5(2.4)(6/14)] = -1.943

(VCD)max = (2)(-1.943 + 0.8) (5)(-1.943) + (50)(-6/14)

= -33.43 kN
89
SP 6-1

Draw the influence line for

-the reaction at support A and D
-the shear and moment at E
- the moment at B and C .

2m 2m 2m 2m 2m

A B E C D

90
Influence Line for Trusses
H G F

h
E
A
B C D
4@xm

1
(3/4)
RA (2/4)
(1/4)
x

1
(3/4)
(2/4)
RE (1/4)
x

91
 Consider the section to the right
H FGH G F

FGB
h
FCB E
A
B 1 kN C D
4@xm RE

(3/4)
1 + ΣMG = 0:
(2/4)
RE (1/4) RE (2 x) − FBC (h) = 0
x
2x
FBC = RE
h

(2x/h)(1/4)
FBC x

92
 Consider section to the left
H FHG G F

FBG
h
FBC E
A
B C 1 kN D
RA 4@xm

1 + ΣMG = 0:
(3/4)
RA (2/4) FBC (h) − RA (2 x) = 0
(1/4)
x 2x
FBC = RA
h
(2x/h)(2/4)
(2x/h)(1/4) (2x/h)(1/4)
FBC x

93
 Example 6-8-1

H G F

4m

E
A
B C D
3m 3m 3m 3m

4 kN 2m 1.5 kN Determine the maximum force developed

in member BC , BG, and CG of the truss
due to the wheel loads of the car. Assume the
loads are applied directly to the truss.

the wheel loads of the car

94
 SOLUTION H G F

4m
E
A
B C D
3m 3m 3m 3m

1
0.75
RA 0.5
0.25
x

1
0.75
0.5
RE 0.25
x

95
 Consider the section to the right
Influence Line for FBC H FGH G F

FGB
4m
FCB E
A
B 1 kN C D
3m 3m 3m 3m
RE

1 + ΣM = 0:
0.75 G
0.5
RE 0.25 FBC = (6/4) RE
x = 1.5 RE

1.5(0.25) = 0.375
FBC x

96
 Consider the section to the left
H FHG G F

FBG
4m
FBC E
A
B C 1 kN D
3m 3m 3m 3m
RA

1
0.75 + ΣMG = 0:
RA 0.5
0.25
x FBC = 1.5 RA

FBC 1.5(0.5) = 0.75

0.375 0.375

97
 Consider the section to the right
Influence Line for FBG H FGH G F

FGB
θ 4m
FCB E
A
B 1 kN C D
3m 3m 3m 3m
RE
1
0.75
0.5
RE 0.25
x
ΣFy = 0 ;
FBG cos θ = RE

1.25(0.25) = 0.3125 FBG (4/5) = RE

FBG = 1.25 RE
FBG x

98
 Consider the left hand
H FHG G F

FBG
θ 4m
FBC E
A
B C 1 kN D
RA 3m 3m 3m 3m
ΣFy = 0 ;
1
0.75 FBG cos θ + RA = 0
RA 0.5
0.25
FBG (4/5) = -RA
x
FBG = -1.25 RA

0.3125

FBG x

-0.3125
-1.25(0.5) = -0.625
99
Influence Line for FCG H G F

0 4m
E
A
B 1 kN C D 1 kN
3m 3m 3m 3m

FCG x

100
 H G F

1 4m
E
A
B C 1 kN D
3m 3m 3m 3m

FCG x

101
(FBC)max by Loads

H G F

4 kN 2m 1.5 kN
4m
E
A
B C D
3m 3m 3m 3m

0.75
FBC
0.5
0.375 0.375

x
(FBC)max = (4)(0.75) + (1.5)(0.5)

= 3.75 kN (T)

102
(FBG)max by Loads

H G F

4 kN 2m 1.5 kN
4m
E
A
B C D
3m 3m 3m 3m

0.3125

FBG x

-0.3125
-0.417
-0.625

(FBG)max = (4)(-0.625) + (1.5)(-0.417) = -3.126 kN (C)

103
(FCG)max by Loads

H G F

4 kN 2m 1.5 kN
4m
E
A
B C D
3m 3m 3m 3m

1
0.333
FCG x

(FCG)max = (4)(1) + (1.5)(0.333) = 4.50 kN (T)

104
Example 6-8-2

J I H G F

4m

E
A
B C D
3m 3m 3m 3m

Draw the influence line for FBC , FBH,and FCH.

105
 SOLUTION
J I H G F

4m

E
A
B C D
3m 3m 3m 3m

1
0.75
RA 0.5
0.25
x

1
0.75
0.5
RE 0.25
x

106
 Consider the section to the right
J for FBC
Influence Line I FHI H G F

FHB
4m
FCB E
A
B 1 kN C D
3m 3m 3m 3m
RE

1 + ΣM = 0:
0.75 H
0.5
RE 0.25 FBC = (6/4) RE
x = 1.5 RE

1.5(0.25) = 0.375
FBC x

107
 Consider the section to the left
J I FHI H G F

FBH
4m
FBC E
A
B C 1 kN D
3m 3m 3m 3m
RA

1
0.75 + ΣMH = 0:
RA 0.5
0.25
x FBC = 1.5 RA

FBC 1.5(0.5) = 0.75

0.375 0.375

108
 Consider the section to the right
J for FBH
Influence Line I FHI H G F

FBH
θ 4m
FCB E
A
B 1 kN C D
3m 3m 3m 3m
RE
1
0.75
0.5
RE 0.25
x
ΣFy = 0 ;
FBH cos θ = RE

1.25(0.25) = 0.3125 FBH (4/5) = RE

FBH = 1.25 RE
FBH x

109
 Consider the section to the left
J I FHI H G F

FBH
θ 4m
FBC E
A
B C 1 kN D
RA 3m 3m 3m 3m
ΣFy = 0 ;
1
0.75 FBH cos θ + RA = 0
RA 0.5
0.25
FBH (4/5) = -RA
x
FBH = -1.25 RA

0.3125

FBH x

-0.3125
-1.25(0.5) = -0.625
110
 J for FCH
Influence Line I H FGH G F

FCH 4m
FCB E
A
B 1 kN C D
3m 3m 3m 3m RE
ΣFy = 0 ;
1
0.75 FCH = -RE
0.5
RE 0.25
x

FCH x
-0.25

111
 J I H FGH G F
FCH
4m
E
A
B FCB C 1 kN D
RA 3m 3m 3m 3m
ΣFy = 0 ;
1 FCH = RA
0.75
RA 0.5
0.25
x

0.5
0.25
FCH x
-0.25

112
Example 6-8-3

H F 1.5 m

3m

E
A
B C D
3m 3m 3m 3m

Draw the influence line for FBC , FBG,and FHG.

113
 SOLUTION G

H F 1.5 m

3m

E
A
B C D
3m 3m 3m 3m

1
0.75
RA 0.5
0.25
x

1
0.75
0.5
RE 0.25
x

114
 Consider the section to the right
Influence Line for FBC G
FHG
H F 1.5 m

FBG
3m
FBC E
A
B 1 kN C D
3m 3m 3m 3m RE

1 + ΣM = 0:
0.75 G
0.5
RE 0.25 FBC = (6/4.5) RE
x = 1.33 RE

1.33(0.25) = 0.333
FBC x

115
 Consider the section to the left
G
FHG
H F 1.5 m

FBG 3m
FBC E
A
B C 1 kN D
RA 3m 3m 3m 3m

1
0.75
RA 0.5 + ΣMG = 0:
0.25
x FBC = (6/4.5) RA
= 1.33 RA

1.33(0.5) = 0.667

1.33(0.25) = 0.333 1.33(0.25) = 0.333

FBC x

116
 Consider the section to the right
Influence Line for FHG G
FHG
H F 1.5 m

26.57o FBG
3m
FBC E
A
B 1 kN C D
3m 3m 3m 3m RE

1 + ΣM = 0:
0.75 B
0.5
RE 0.25 (FHG cos 26.57)(3) = -9RE
x FHG = -3.35RE

FHG x

-3.35(0.25) = -0.84
117
 Consider the section to the left
G
FHG
H F 1.5 m

FBG 3m
FBC E
A
B C 1 kN D
RA 3m 3m 3m 3m

1
0.75
RA 0.5 + ΣMB = 0:
0.25
x(FHG cos 26.57)(3) = -3RA
FHG = -1.12RA

FHG x
-1.12(0.25) = -0.28
-1.12(0.5) = -0.56
-0.84
118
 Consider the section to the right
Influence Line for FBG G
FHG
H F 1.5 m

26.57o FBG
33.69o
3m
FBC E
A
B 1 kN C D
3m 3m 3m 3m RE
1
0.75 + ΣFy = 0:
0.5
RE 0.25 -FBG cos 33.69
x - FHGsin26.57 + RE = 0
FHG = +1.2RE - 0.54 FHG
FHG x
-0.28
-0.56
-0.84
1.2(0.25)-0.54(-0.84) = 0.75
FBG x
119
 Consider the section to the left
G
FHG
H F 1.5 m

FBG 3m
FBC E
A
B C 1 kN D
RA 3m 3m 3m 3m
1 + ΣFy = 0:
0.75
RA 0.5 RA + FBG cos33.69
0.25
+ FHG sin 26.57 = 0
x
FBG = -1.2RA - 0.54FHG
FHG x
-0.28
-0.56
-0.84
0.75
FBG x
-1.2(0. 25)-0.54(-0.28) = -0.15
-1.2(0. 5)-0.54(-0.56) = -0.30 120