238 xf.

kr

d
he
jpuk,¡ 11

is
11.1 Hkwfedk

bl
d{kk IX esa] vkius ,d iVjh rFkk ijdkj dk iz;ksx djosQ oqQN jpuk,¡ dh Fkh] tSls fdlh
dks.k dks lef}Hkkftr djuk] fdlh js[kk[kaM dk yac lef}Hkktd [khapuk] oqQN f=kHkqtksa dh
pu
jpuk,¡ djuk bR;kfn rFkk mudk vkSfpR; Hkh fn;k FkkA bl vè;k; esa] ge fiNyh jpukvksa
osQ Kku dk mi;ksx djrs gq,] oqQN vkSj jpukvksa dk vè;;u djsaxsA ;s jpuk,¡ D;ksa gks
tkrh gSa] buls lacaf/r oqQN xf.krh; O;k[;k Hkh vkidks nsuh gksxhA
be T
re
11.2 js[kk[kaM dk foHkktu
o R

eku yhft, fd ,d js[kk[kaM fn;k gS vkSj vkidks mls ,d fn, x, vuqikr] ekuk 3 : 2
esa foHkkftr djuk gSA vki bldh yackbZ eki dj rFkk fn, x, vuqikr osQ vuqlkj ,d
tt E

¯cnq fpfÉr dj ldrs gSaA ijarq ;fn vkiosQ ikl bls lgh&lgh ekius dh dksbZ fof/ u
gks] rks vki bl ¯cnq dks oSQls izkIr djsaxs\ bl izdkj osQ ¯cnq dks izkIr djus osQ fy,]
C

ge fuEufyf[kr nks fof/;k¡ ns jgs gSa%

jpuk 11.1 : ,d js[kk[kaM dks fn, gq, vuqikr esa foHkkftr djukA
no N

,d js[kk[kaM AB fn;k gS] ge bldks m : n osQ vuqikr esa foHkkftr djuk pkgrs gSaA
izfØ;k dks le>us esa lgk;rk djus osQ fy,] ge m = 3 vkSj n = 2 ysaxsA
jpuk osQ pj.k%
©

1. AB ls U;wudks.k cukrh dksbZ fdj.k AX [khafp,A

2. AX ij 5 (= m + n) ¯cnq A 1, A2 , A3, A4 vkSj A5 bl izdkj vafdr dhft, fd
AA1 = A1A2 = A2A 3 = A3 A4 = A4 A5 gksA
3. BA5 dks feykb,A
 jpuk,¡ 239

4. ¯cnq A3 (m = 3) ls gksdj tkus okyh A5B osQ

lekarj ,d js[kk (A3 ij ∠ AA5B osQ cjkcj
dks.k cukdj) AB dks ,d ¯cnq C ij izfrPNsn

d
djrh gqbZ [khafp, (nsf[k, vko`Qfr 11-1)A
rc] AC : CB = 3 : 2 gSA

he
vkb, ns[ksa fd ;g fof/ oSQls gesa vHkh"V foHkktu nsrh gSA vko`Qfr 11.1
D;ksafd A3C, A5B osQ lekarj gS]
AA3 AC
vr% = (vk/kjHkwr lekuqikfrdrk izes; }kjk)

is
A3 A5 CB

AA3 3 AC 3
= =

bl
jpuk ls] gAS vr% gSA
A3 A5 2 CB 2
blls ;g fu"d"kZ fudyrk gS fd fcanq C, AB dks 3 : 2
pu
vuqikr esa foHkkftr djrk gSA
oSdfYid fof/
be T

jpuk osQ pj.k : vko`Qfr 11.2

re
o R

1. AB ls U;wudks.k cukrh dksbZ fdj.k AX [khafp,A

2. ∠BAX osQ cjkcj ∠ABY cukdj AX osQ lekarj ,d fdj.k BY [khafp,A

tt E

3. AX ij ¯cnq A1, A2, A3 (m = 3) vkSj BY ij fcanq B1, B2 (n = 2) bl izdkj vafdr

dhft, fd AA1 = A1A2 = A2A3 = BB1 = B1B 2 gksA
C

4. A3B 2 dks feykb,A ekuk ;g AB dks ¯cnq C ij izfrPNsn djrh gS (nsf[k, vko`Qfr 11-2)A
no N

rc] AC : CB = 3 : 2 gSA
vkb, ns[kas fd bl fof/ ls gesa vHkh"V jpuk fdl izdkj izkIr gksrk gS\
;gk¡ Δ AA3C ~ Δ BB2C (D;ksa\)
©

AA3 AC
rc =
BB2 BC

AA 3 3 AC 3
ijarq jpuk }kjk = gSA vr %] =
BB 2 2 BC 2
 240 xf.kr
okLro esa bu fof/;ksa }kjk fn;s x;s js[kk[kaM dks fdlh Hkh vuqikr esa foHkkftr
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
vc ge Åij nh xbZ jpuk dks ,d fn, x, f=kHkqt osQ le:i ,d vU; f=kHkqt

d
dh jpuk djus esa mi;ksx djsaxs ftldh Hkqtkvksa vkSj fn, x, f=kHkqt dh laxr
Hkqtkvksa esa ,d vuqikr fn;k gqvk gksA

he
jpuk 11.2 : ,d fn, x, LosQy xq.kd osQ vuqlkj fn, x, f=kHkqt osQ le:i ,d
f=kHkqt dh jpuk djukA
bl jpuk dh nks fLFkfr;k¡ gSaA ,d esa] ftl f=kHkqt dh jpuk djuh gS] og fn,

is
x, f=kHkqt ls NksVk gks rFkk nwljh esa og cM+k gksA ;gk¡ LosQy xq.kd dk vFkZ jpuk djus
okys f=kHkqt dh Hkqtkvksa rFkk fn, gq, f=kHkqt dh laxr Hkqtkvksa osQ vuqikr ls gSA

bl
(vè;k; 6 Hkh nsf[k,)A bu jpukvksa dks le>us osQ fy, vkb, fuEu mnkgj.k ysaA
;gh fof/ O;kid fLFkfr esa Hkh ykxw gksxhA
pu
mnkgj.k 1 : ,d fn, x, f=kHkqt ABC osQ le:i ,d f=kHkqt dh jpuk dhft,]
3 3
ftldh Hkqtk,¡ fn, x, f=kHkqt dh laxr Hkqtkvksa dh 4 gksa (vFkkZr~ LosQy xq.kd 4 gS)A
be T

gy : ,d f=kHkqt ABC fn;k gSA gesa ,d vU; f=kHkqt dh jpuk djuh gS] ftldh
re
3
o R

Hkqtk,¡ f=kHkqt ABC dh laxr Hkqtkvksa dh 4 gksaA

jpuk osQ pj.k%
tt E

1. BC ls 'kh"kZ A dh nwljh vksj U;wudks.k cukrh gqbZ ,d fdj.k BX [khafp,A

3
2. BX ij 4 fcanq ( 4 esa 3 vkSj 4 esa ls cM+h la[;k ) B1 , B2, B3 vkSj B4, bl izdkj
C

vafdr dhft, fd BB1 = B 1B 2 = B2B 3 = B 3B4 gksA

no N

3. B 4C feykb, vkSj B3 (rhljs ¯cnq] ;gk¡

3
esa 3 vkSj 4 esa ls 3 NksVh gS) ls
4
gksdj tkus okyh B4 C osQ lekarj ,d js[kk
©

BC dks C′ ij izfrPNsn djrh gqbZ [khafp,A

4. C′ ls gksdj tkus okyh CA osQ lekarj
,d js[kk BA dks A′ ij izfrPNsn djrh
gqbZ [khafp, (nsf[k, vko`Qfr 11-3)A
rc] Δ A′BC′ vHkh"V f=kHkqt gSA
vko`Qfr 11.3
 jpuk,¡ 241

vkb, ns[ksa fd bl jpuk ls oSQls vHkh"V f=kHkqt izkIr gks tkrk gSA
BC ′ 3
jpuk 11-1 ls] =
C′C 1

d
BC BC ′ + C′C C′C 1 4 BC′ 3
blfy,] = =1+ = 1 + = , vFkkZr~ = gSA
BC′ BC′ BC′ 3 3 BC 4

he
lkFk gh] C′A′, CA osQ lekarj gSA blfy, Δ A′BC′ ~ Δ ABC (D;ksa\)
A′B A ′C′ BC ′ 3
vr%] = = =
AB AC BC 4

is
mnkgj.k 2 : ,d fn, x, f=kHkqt ABC osQ le:i ,d f=kHkqt dh jpuk dhft,]
5 5
ftldh Hkqtk,¡ f=kHkqt ABC dh laxr Hkqtkvksa dh gksa (vFkkZr~ LosQy xq.kd gS)A

bl
3 3
gy : ,d f=kHkqt ABC fn;k x;k gSA gesa ,d f=kHkqt dh jpuk djuh gS] ftldh Hkqtk,¡
5
pu
Δ ABC dh laxr Hkqtkvksa dh gksaA
3
jpuk osQ pj.k%
be T

1. BC ls 'kh"kZ A osQ nwljh vksj U;wudks.k cukrh gqbZ ,d fdj.k BX [khafp,A

re
5
o R

2. 5 ( esa 5 vkSj 3 esa ls cM+h la[;k) ¯cnq B1, B2, B3 , B4 vkSj B5, BX ij bl izdkj
3
vafdr dhft, fd BB 1 = B1 B2 = B 2B3 = B 3B 4 = B4 B5 gksA
tt E

5
3. B3 (rhljk ¯cnq] 3 esa 5 vkSj 3 esa ls NksVh la[;k) dks C ls feykb, vkSj B5 ls
gksdj tkus okyh B3 C osQ lekarj ,d js[kk] c<+k, x, js[kk[kaM BC dks C′ ij
C

izfrPNsn djrh gqbZ [khafp,A

4. C′ ls gksdj tkus okyh CA osQ lekarj ,d
no N

js[kk] c<+kus ij js[kk[kaM BA dks A′ ij izfrPNsn

djrh gqbZ [khafp, (nsf[k, vko`Qfr 11-4)A
©

rc] A′BC′ vHkh"V f=kHkqt gSA

jpuk osQ vkSfpR; fl¼ djus osQ fy,]
è;ku nhft, Δ ABC ~ Δ A′BC′ (D;ksa\)
AB AC BC
blfy, = = gSA
A′B A′C′ BC′
vko`Qfr 11.4
 242 xf.kr

ijarq BC = BB3 = 3 gSA

BC ′ BB5 5

BC ′ 5 A′B A ′C′ BC ′ 5

d
blfy, = gS vkSj blhfy, = = = gSA
BC 3 AB AC BC 3

he
fVIi.kh : mnkgj.k 1 vkSj 2 esa vki AB vFkok AC ls U;wudks.k cukrh gqbZ fdj.k Hkh
ys ldrs Fks vkSj mlh izdkj vkxs c<+ ldrs FksA

iz'ukoyh 11.1

is
fuEu esa ls izR;sd osQ fy, jpuk dk vkSfpR; Hkh nhft,%

bl
1. 7.6 cm yack ,d js[kk[kaM [khafp, vkSj bls 5 : 8 vuqikr esa foHkkftr dhft,A nksuksa Hkkxksa dks
ekfi,A
pu
2. 4 cm, 5 cm vkSj 6 cm Hkqtkvksa okys ,d f=kHkqt dh jpuk dhft, vkSj fiQj blosQ le:i ,d
2
vU; f=kHkqt dh jpuk dhft,] ftldh Hkqtk,¡ fn, gq, f=kHkqt dh laxr Hkqtkvksa dh 3 xquh
be T

gksAa
3. 5 cm, 6 cm vkSj 7 cm Hkqtkvksa okys ,d f=kHkqt dh jpuk dhft, vkSj fiQj ,d vU; f=kHkqt
re
7
o R

dh jpuk dhft,] ftldh Hkqtk,¡ fn;s gq,s f=kHkqt dh laxr Hkqtkvksa dh xquh gksaA
5
4. vk/kj 8 cm rFkk Å¡pkbZ 4 cm osQ ,d lef}ckgq f=kHkqt dh jpuk dhft, vkSj fiQj ,d vU;
tt E

f=kHkqt dh jpuk dhft,] ftldh Hkqtk,¡ bl lef}ckgq f=kHkqt dh laxr Hkqtkvksa dh 1 1 xquh
2
gksAa
C

5. ,d f=kHkqt ABC cukb, ftlesa BC = 6 cm, AB = 5 cm vkSj ∠ ABC = 60° gksA fiQj ,d f=kHkqt
3
dh jpuk dhft,] ftldh Hkqtk,¡ Δ ABC dh laxr Hkqtkvksa dh xquh gksaA
no N

4
6. ,d f=kHkqt ABC cukb,] ftlesa BC = 7 cm, ∠ B = 45°, ∠ A = 105° gksA fiQj ,d vU; f=kHkqt
4
dh jpuk dhft,] ftldh Hkqtk,¡ Δ ABC dh laxr Hkqtkvksa dh xquh gksaA
3
©

7. ,d ledks.k f=kHkqt dh jpuk dhft,] ftldh Hkqtk,¡ (d.kZ osQ vfrfjDr) 4 cm rFkk 3 cm
yackbZ dh gksaA fiQj ,d vU; f=kHkqt dh jpuk dhft,] ftldh Hkqtk,¡ fn, gq, f=kHkqt dh
laxr Hkqtkvksa dh 5 xquh gksAa
3
 jpuk,¡ 243

11.3 fdlh o`Ùk ij Li'kZ js[kkvksa dh jpuk

vki fiNys vè;k; esa i<+ pqosQ gSa fd ;fn dksbZ ¯cnq o`Ùk osQ vanj fLFkr gS] rks bl ¯cnq
ls tkus okyh o`Ùk dh dksbZ Li'kZ js[kk ugha gks ldrh gSA ijarq ;fn ¯cnq o`Ùk ij fLFkr gS]

d
rks ml ¯cnq ij o`Ùk dh ,d vkSj osQoy ,d Li'kZ js[kk gksrh gS] tks ml ¯cnq ls tkus okyh
f=kT;k ij yac gksrh gSA vr% ;fn vki o`Ùk osQ fdlh ¯cnq ij Li'kZ js[kk [khapuk pkgrs

he
gSa] rks osQoy ml ¯cnq ls tkus okyh f=kT;k [khafp, vkSj mlh ¯cnq ij bldh yac js[kk
[khafp,A rc] ;gh vHkh"V Li'kZ js[kk gksxhA
vkius ;g Hkh ns[kk gS fd ;fn ¯cnq o`Ùk osQ ckgj fLFkr gS] rks bl ¯cnq ls o`Ùk ij

is
nks Li'kZ js[kk,¡ gksrh gSaA
vc ge ns[kasxs fd oSQls bu Li'kZ js[kkvksa dks [khapk tkrk gSA

bl
jpuk 11.3 : ,d o`Ùk osQ ckgj fLFkr ,d ¯cnq ls ml ij Li'kZ js[kkvksa dh jpuk djukA
gesa ,d o`Ùk ftldk osQa nz O gS rFkk blosQ ckgj ,d ¯cnq P fn, gq, gSaA gesa P ls o`Ùk
pu
ij nksuksa Li'kZ js[kk,¡ [khapuh gaSA
jpuk osQ pj.k %
be T

1. PO dks feykb, vkSj bls lef}Hkkftr dfj,A

re
ekuk PO dk eè; ¯cnq M gSA
o R

2. M dks osQa nz eku dj rFkk MO f=kT;k ysdj

,d o`Ùk [khafp,A ekuk ;g fn, x, o`Ùk dks
tt E

Q vkSj R ij izfrPNsn djrk gSA

3. P dks Q rFkk R ls feykb;sA
C

rc] PQ vkSj PR vHkh"V nks Li'kZ js[kk,¡ gSA

vko`Qfr 11.5
no N

(nsf[k, vko`Qfr 11-5)A

vkb, vc ns[ksa fd bl jpuk ls gesa Li'kZ js[kk,¡ fdl izdkj feyrh gSaA OQ dks feykb,A
rc] ∠ PQO vèkZo`Ùk esa cuk ,d dks.k gS vkSj blhfy,
©

∠ PQO = 90º gSA

D;k ge dg ldrs gSa fd PQ ⊥ OQ gS\
D;ksafd] OQ fn, o`Ùk dh f=kT;k gS] blfy, PQ o`Ùk dh Li'kZ js[kk gh gksxhA blh izdkj]
PR Hkh o`Ùk dh Li'kZ js[kk gSA
 244 xf.kr
fVIi.kh : ;fn o`Ùk dk osaQnz ugha fn;k gS] rks vki dksbZ nks vlekarj thok,¡ ysdj rFkk
muosQ yac lef}Hkktdksa osQ izfrPNsn ¯cnq osQ :i esa osaQnz Kkr dj ldrs gSaA blosQ ckn]
vki mi;qDZ r :i ls vkxs c<+ ldrs gSaA

d
iz'ukoyh 11.2

he
fuEu esa ls izR;sd osQ fy, jpuk dk vkSfpR; Hkh nhft,%
1. 6 cm f=kT;k dk ,d o`Ùk [khafp,A osQa nz ls 10 cm nwj fLFkr ,d ¯cnq ls o`Ùk ij Li'kZ js[kk ;qXe
dh jpuk dhft, vkSj mudh yackb;k¡ ekfi,A
2. 4 cm f=kT;k osQ ,d o`Ùk ij 6 cm f=kT;k osQ ,d losaQnzh; o`Ùk osQ fdlh ¯cnq ls ,d Li'kZ

is
js[kk dh jpuk dhft, vkSj mldh yackbZ ekfi,A ifjdyu ls bl eki dh tk¡p Hkh dhft,A
3. 3 cm f=kT;k dk ,d o`Ùk [khafp,A blosQ fdlh c<+k, x, O;kl ij osaQnz ls 7 cm dh nwjh

bl
ij fLFkr nks ¯cnq P vkSj Q yhft,A bu nksuksa ¯cnqvksa ls o`Ùk ij Li'kZ js[kk,¡ [khafp,A
4. 5 cm f=kT;k osQ ,d o`Ùk ij ,slh nks Li'kZ js[kk,¡ [khafp,] tks ijLij 60° osQ dks.k ij >qdh gksAa
5. 8 cm yack ,d js[kk[kaM AB [khafp,A A dks osaQnz eku dj 4 cm f=kT;k dk ,d o`Ùk rFkk B
pu
dks osaQnz ysdj 3 cm f=kT;k dk ,d vU; o`Ùk [khafp,A izR;sd o`Ùk ij nwljs o`Ùk osQ osaQnz ls
Li'kZ js[kkvksa dh jpuk dhft,A
be T

6. ekuk ABC ,d ledks.k f=kHkqt gS] ftlesa AB = 6 cm, BC = 8 cm rFkk ∠ B = 90° gSA B ls AC
ij BD yac gSA fcanqvksa B, C, D ls gksdj tkus okyk ,d o`Ùk [khapk x;k gSA A ls bl o`Ùk
re
o R

ij Li'kZ js[kk dh jpuk dhft,A

7. fdlh pwM+h dh lgk;rk ls ,d o`Ùk [khafp,A o`Ùk osQ ckgj ,d ¯cnq yhft,A bl ¯cnq ls
o`Ùk ij Li'kZ js[kkvksa dh jpuk dhft,A
tt E

11.4 lkjka'k
C

bl vè;k; esa] vkius ns[kk gS fd fuEu jpuk,¡ fdl izdkj dh tkrh gSa %
1. ,d js[kk[kaM dks ,d fn, x, vuqikr esa foHkkftr djukA
no N

2. ,d fn, x, f=kHkqt osQ le:i f=kHkqt dh jpuk djuk tcfd LosQy xq.kd fn;k x;k gks
(LosQy xq.kd ,d ls de ;k ,d ls vf/d gks ldrk gS)A
3. fdlh cká ¯cnq ls fdlh o`Ùk ij ,d Li'kZ js[kk ;qXe dh jpuk djukA
©

ikBdksa osQ fy, fo'ks"k

jpuk 11-2 osQ mnkgj.kksa 1 rFkk 2 osQ pj.kksa dk vuqlj.k djrs gq,] ,d fn;s
gq, prqHkqZt (;k cgqHkqt) osQ le:i vU; prqHkqZt (;k cgqHkqt) dh] fn;s gq,
LosQy xq.kd osQ vuqlkj] jpuk dh tk ldrh gSA