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Nanotechnology involves science and engineering conducted at the nanoscale of 1 to 100 nanometers. The field originated from Richard Feynman's 1959 talk describing manipulating individual atoms and molecules. Modern nanotechnology began in 1981 with the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope that could see individual atoms. Nanotechnology has many benefits including stronger and lighter materials, medical applications like cancer treatments, energy efficient electronics and displays, and water filtration membranes. Examples of nanotechnology products include FDA-approved cancer drugs, quantum dot displays, graphene electronics, and desalination thin films.

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104 views

Sci Tech

Nanotechnology involves science and engineering conducted at the nanoscale of 1 to 100 nanometers. The field originated from Richard Feynman's 1959 talk describing manipulating individual atoms and molecules. Modern nanotechnology began in 1981 with the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope that could see individual atoms. Nanotechnology has many benefits including stronger and lighter materials, medical applications like cancer treatments, energy efficient electronics and displays, and water filtration membranes. Examples of nanotechnology products include FDA-approved cancer drugs, quantum dot displays, graphene electronics, and desalination thin films.

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Jeremy Bustamante
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Jeremy Ray Bustamante BSA-1

What Is Nanotechnology?
Nanotechnology is science, engineering, and technology conducted at the
nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100 nanometers. One nanometer is a billionth of a meter,
or 10-9 of a meter. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are the study and application of
extremely small things and can be used across all the other science fields, such as
chemistry, biology, physics, materials science, and engineering.
History
The ideas and concepts behind nanoscience and nanotechnology started with a
talk entitled “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” by physicist Richard Feynman, the
father of nanotechnology, at an American Physical Society meeting at the California
Institute of Technology (CalTech) on December 29, 1959, long before the term
nanotechnology was used. In his talk, Feynman described a process in which scientists
would be able to manipulate and control individual atoms and molecules. Over a decade
later, in his explorations of ultraprecision machining, Professor Norio Taniguchi coined
the term nanotechnology. It wasn't until 1981, with the development of the scanning
tunneling microscope that could "see" individual atoms, that modern nanotechnology
began. Nanoscience and nanotechnology involve the ability to see and to control
individual atoms and molecules. Everything on Earth is made up of atoms—the food we
eat, the clothes we wear, the buildings and houses we live in, and our own bodies. The
microscopes needed to see things at the nanoscale were invented relatively recently
about 30 years ago. Once scientists had the right tools, such as the scanning tunneling
microscope (STM) and the atomic force microscope (AFM), the age of nanotechnology
was born.

Benefits
 Nanomedicine and nanotreatment
 Materials can effectively be made stronger, lighter, more durable, more reactive,
more sieve-like, or better electrical conductors, among many other traits.
 Nanoscale additives to or surface treatments of fabrics can provide lightweight
ballistic energy deflection in personal body armor, or can help them resist wrinkling,
staining, and bacterial growth.
 Lightweighting of cars, trucks, airplanes, boats, and space craft could lead to
significant fuel savings.
 Nanoscale additives in polymer composite materials are being used in baseball
bats, tennis rackets, bicycles, motorcycle helmets, automobile parts, luggage, and
power tool housings, making them lightweight, stiff, durable, and resilient. Carbon
nanotube sheets are now being produced for use in next-generation air vehicles.
 Can clean industrial water pollutants in ground water through chemical reactions
that render the pollutants harmless.
 The development of nanotechnology improved medical devices or
pharmaceuticals.
 Energy efficiency and energy saving products

Examples
 Doxil and Abraxane, anticancer products, nano-based FDA-approved
 nanoparticles-based drugs applied for the treatment of severe fungal infections:
AmBisome (liposome for injection)
 Ultra-high definition displays and televisions are now being sold that use quantum
dots to produce more vibrant colors while being more energy efficient.
 Other nanomaterials like graphene and cellulosic nanomaterials are being used
for various types of flexible electronics to enable wearable and “tattoo” sensors,
photovoltaics that can be sewn onto clothing, and electronic paper that can be
rolled up. Making flat, flexible, lightweight, non-brittle, highly efficient electronics
opens the door to countless smart products.
 Engineers have developed a thin film membrane with nanopores for energy-
efficient desalination. This molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) membrane filtered two
to five times more water than current conventional filters.
 Clear nanoscale films on eyeglasses, computer and camera displays, windows,
and other surfaces can make them water- and residue-repellent, antireflective,
self-cleaning, resistant to ultraviolet or infrared light, antifog, antimicrobial, scratch-
resistant, or electrically conductive.

References:
National Nanotechnology Initiative. What is Nanotechnology? Retrieved from:
https://www.nano.gov/nanotech-
101/what/definition?fbclid=IwAR2RDWxHyseMAh1C4o0K1QQ2eEfm6Niuk80bbf
m86ykijPwMCYLIcShQmjE
National Nanotechnology Initiative. Benefits and Applications.
https://www.nano.gov/you/nanotechnology-
benefits?fbclid=IwAR1_U0aAkADmpELPHYIK8olO5E8kPeajGAXLMyJNoHm7km
hiY6PT70y1DhY
Morigi, V., Tocchio. A., Bellavite, C., Pellegrini, Sakamoto, J.H., Arnone, M., and Tasciotti,
E. (2012). Nanotechnology in Medicine: From Inception to Market Domination.
Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3312282/

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