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DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION AND THE INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENT UMAYYAH
ri Mata Kuliah IAD, IBD dan ISD, Ilmu Alamiah Dasar
By: Sonin PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN
gulasi Pendidikan,Materi Perencanaan Pembelajaran PAI,Ca
BAHASA ARAB 7, RPP TTQ,RPP Fiqh MI,RPP IPS EKONOM
MATERI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM
A. INTRODUCTION
Install Flash sa Kemunduran Dunia Islam, Kisah Nabi ADAM AS, Tarekh Islam
Karya Ilmiah,skripsi dan tesis
Name associated with Umayyad Umayyad Abd Shams ibn Abdi Manaf bin. He was a key knik Penulisan Karya Ilmiah,Landasan Teori, Skripsi 1, Skrip
figure in the Quraish tribe of ignorance. He and his uncle who was named Hashim ibn Abd AL ISLAM
Manaf always fought for power and position among the Quraysh. The early arrival of Islam, ma nama islami (LK) Nama nama islami (PR) Tuntunan Sh
the competition is an open hostility and blatant. The Umayyads fought against Rasullullah
and preaching. Umayyad family converted to Islam when the conquest of Mecca (Makkah
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Fathul) by Muslim forces led by Rasullullah, where there is no other way except to embrace
Islam.
DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION AND THE
Mu'awiyah ibn Abu Sufyan was the son of Abu Sufyan bin Harb, an influential figure of the INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENT UMAYYAH
Umayyad caliph in which at the time of Abu Bakr as - Siddiq he led the Muslim army in the
DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION AND THE
war to crush the apostate Riddah. INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENT UMAYYAH By: Sonin
Mu'awiyah growing larger role in the caliph Uthman ibn Affan. He was appointed governor in A. INTRODUCTION Name associated with
Damascus (Syria). Umayyad Umayya...
Events of the caliph Uthman ibn Affan killing caused a split between Mu'awiyah to Ali bin Abi
AL-GHAZALI'S VIEWS EDUCATION ABOUT ISLAM
Talib Usman bin Affan who succeeded as caliph. Umayyads group was not satisfied with the
AL-GHAZALI'S VIEWS EDUCATION ABOUT ISLAM
policy of the Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib in dealing with the killing of Uthman bin Affan case.
A. INTRODUCTION Education is the most
Dispute between Ali bin Abi Talib and Mu'awiya finally broke into the Battle of Siffin which
important thing in life, because without e...
took place in 657 AD The dispute ended with the murder of Ali bin Abi Talib.
Sepeninggalan Ali bin Abi Talib, the government continued by his son Hasan ibn Abi Talib. SAMPLE RESEARCH PROPOSAL: EFFECT OF
However, this rule only lasted about six months. APPLICATION OF FREE SCHOOL EDUCATION
STUDY OF INTEREST IN POOR STUDENTS MI
An increasingly weak position and his desire to unite Muslims make Hasan bin Ali gave his
MUSTAQIM BAILANGU SEKAYU MUSI BANYUASIN
government to Mu'awiyah.
EFFECT OF APPLICATION OF FREE SCHOOL
Handover event is known as sebutann 'Amul - the unity of the congregation or the year that
EDUCATION STUDY OF INTEREST IN POOR
occurred in the year 661 AD Since then, officially the Islamic government was held by
STUDENTS MI MUSTAQIM BAILANGU SEKAYU
Mu'awiyah ibn Abi Sufyan. He then moved the center of power from Medina to Damascus. By
MUSI BANYUASIN A. Proble...
the turn of the capital city of Medina to Damascus to bring an important influence in the
creative minds of Muslims the next. UNIVERSALITY DIMENSIONS, INTERNAL, AND
Full transfer of power by Hasan bin Ali to Muawiyah end of democratic government. COSMOPOLITAN ISLAMIC EDUCATION

Leadership Mu'awiyah became the beginning of the Umayyad dynasty in power and ending UNIVERSALITY DIMENSIONS, INTERNAL, AND
the first four caliphs. COSMOPOLITAN ISLAMIC EDUCATION A.
Islamic Umayyad descent held power for 90 years, later known as the Umayyad dynasty. Or Preliminary Islam as a religion of mercy for the
whole ...
the Umayyads. The word dynasty according to Indonesian dictionary meaning descendant of
the kings who all came from one family, while the word means the descendants of the sons Learn the meaning of the Life Science Learning
(descendants). This is because the government adopted the system Mu'awiyah Absolute LEARNING A. Preliminary Every human being on
monarchy (the royal hereditary system). During the period 90-year reign of the Caliph held by the go is certainly learning activities. A student
14 people. who wants to achieve the goals wo...
Although many controversial things that made Mu'awiya bin Abi Sufyan to the reins of ONTOLOGY (SOME ASSUMPTIONS)
leadership and when it came to power, history has recorded no small role in the ONTOLOGY (SOME ASSUMPTIONS) A.
advancement of the Umayyad Islam, especially the expansion of the Islamic lands include: Preliminary Humans are unique creatures.
1. Eastern Region Thanks to the psychic power of imagery, taste
a. Conquest of Transoxiana, including Bikund, Bukhara, Khwarizm, Samarkand and karsanya,...
and Farghana. METHOD OF STUDYING
b. Conquest of China
METHOD OF STUDY USE OF RELIGIOUS
c. Conquest of Sind (India) EDUCATION LEARNING ISLAM A. INTRODUCTION
2. Northern regions, including North Africa, Morocco, Tunisia Qayrawan Adequate discussion of teaching methods PAI
3. Western region, including Spain, Carmona, Seville, Toledo, Barcelona, Nabronne, Cadiz considered ...
and Constantinople.
With wit and insight, the Umayyad dynasty known to be able to bring Islam to all corners of Arsip Blog
the world
The reign of the Umayyad dynasty was a decisive period in the development of Islam. As ▼ 2012 (7)
with other nations, the Muslims at that time also had both ups and downs of the political, ▼ Juli (7)
social, cultural, science, theology, philosophy and mysticism field. ONTOLOGY (SOME ASSUMPTIONS)
METHOD OF STUDYING
A. Progress-Progress Achieved The Umayyad Dynasty
AL-GHAZALI'S VIEWS EDUCATION ABOUT
A. Progress in the field of Social and Cultural
ISLAM
In the reign of the Umayyad dynasty, some branches of art and cultural progress, especially
language arts and literature, art and sound art or architecture building. Learn the meaning of the Life Science
Among one of the factors of progress in the field of language is a vast area of the Umayyads. Learning
Vast territory and diverse population increase vocabulary and language to the language of SAMPLE RESEARCH PROPOSAL: EFFECT OF
communication among residents. But at the time of Caliph Al-Walid pemerintahann bin Abdul APPLICATION OF...
Malik (86-96 H/705 - 715 AD) occurs uniformity of language. All local languages, especially in UNIVERSALITY DIMENSIONS, INTERNAL,
the areas of administration and governance are required to use the Arabic language. This AND COSMOPOLITA...
shows how high the soul of Muslim nationalism, where they united with the Arabic language.
DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION AND THE
Thus, Arabic experienced significant improvement during that time.
INTELLECTUAL MOVE...
Language arts progress is closely associated with the development lughat (language), while
the progress lughat follow the progress of the nation. In the Umayyad period, the Muslims
had achieved progress in various fields which in itself is a growing vocabulary words and new
terms are not present in earlier times.
In addition to the above factors, some big cities such as Kufa, Basra and Damascus in the
time it is the center of literary development. In the city where people exchange ideas in the
Arab Muslim scientific discussions with nations that have progressed in advance. In the city pasang di blog anda

are many Muslims who are actively preparing and pouring their work in various fields of
science. Thus there developed grammar (Nahwu and Sharaf), and science balaghah.
Therefore natural that later appeared at that time the people who pursue these fields. The
characters include:
A. Al-Nu'man bin Bashir Anshary, died in 65 H
2. Ibn Al-Hamiri Mafragh, died in 69 H Daftar Blog Saya
3. Addaramy poor, died in 90 H
4. Al-Akhthal, died in 95 H KEGIATAN GURU DAN DOSEN
GRAMMATICAL TENSES
5. Jarir, died in 111 H 9 bulan yang lalu
6. Abul Aswad Ad-Duwali, died in 69 H
7. Al-Farazdaq, died in 90 H DUNIA KOMPUTER
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8. Ar-Rai, died in 90 H PADA LINK
9. Abu Al-Najam Rajir, died in 130 H 1 tahun yang lalu
10. Abul Abbas Al-Am'a
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11. Asya Rabiah, died in 85 H CARA MENGHILANGKAN LEMAK
In addition to gaining further knowledge, the Muslims also translate books of science that 3 tahun yang lalu
comes from the Greek, Persian, Roman and India. Once translated in Arabic, all kinds of
Warung Download Gratis
knowledge is learned by the Muslims well until they are actually able to manage and Gratis Lagu Rhoma Irama
reproduce in Arabic. 7 tahun yang lalu
Every time the Muslims had mastered an area, then they are deliberately making Arabic the
KARYAKU
official language in government. Unlike the Greeks and Romans that when it came to power PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN MI TERBARU
in an area, they 7 tahun yang lalu
Making the language of the conquered area as its official language. As a result, the language
of the conquered nation that long to defeat the language of the conqueror.
In all sectors of government and society among Islamic, Arabic used officially and always
wide. That's why Arabic gradually extended throughout the region. As a result, many
generations that come after many forget Latin. Christian pastors were many who had studied
Arabic for many churchgoers who do not understand the language of the Gospel (Latin).
Even most of the book Christianity and the Gospel itself widely translated into Arabic. This is
as it says T.W. Arabic that Arnold drove rapidly across Spain to the place of the Latin
language, and even forced them to translate the book of the law to the Spanish church in the
Arabic language.
Of the use of a more extensive Arabic language requires a language guide that can be used
by all classes. That prompted the birth of a nobleman named Sibawaih. He authored a book
that contains the key points of the rules of Arabic, entitled al - The Book. The book was
renowned even to this day.
At the time of Caliph Abdul Malik, an update is made in a variety of Arabic writing, one
Gubernunya named Hajjaj who are adept in the art of Arabic writing, vocal signs and apply
memperkenalkann signs point to distinguish some of the same form letter. The renewal is Karyaku dan Blog support DUNIA KOMPUTER -
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done so that more sempurnah Arabic and simultaneously eliminate the difficulty for the ISLAMIC SCIENCE.
reader widespread among non-Arabs.
Similarly, the poets, had a major influence of Arabic literature. Literature about equestrian
dexterity, courage, Majaz and the fantasies of high value and wonderful literature into the
West via Arabic literature, especially in Andalusia. It is no exaggeration in the reign of the
Umayyad Dynasty in some big cities there are forums or assemblies of literature that discuss
literature, poetry and wisdom.
The art that developed during the reign of the Umayyad dynasty was the art of carving and
sculpture. Rapidly evolving sculpture at that time was the use of Khat Arabic (calligraphy) as
a motif carving. Many verses of the Qu'ran, hadiths and summarize poems carved and
engraved on the walls of the building of mosques, palaces and buildings.
Among the advances in this field can be seen on the walls Qushir amrah, Amrah tiny palace.
The building is a summer palace located in the mountains, east of the Dead Sea about 50
miles from the city of Amman, Jordan. The palace was built by Caliph Al-Walid bin Abdul
Malik, who designed
For a resort in the summer and hunting time, so the place is often called the hunting palace.
For art or architecture of buildings, in general Umayyads rulers adept at it. They devote
attention to the progress of this field. The result is the establishment of a number of
magnificent buildings. Masjid Baitul Maqdis in Jerusalem, Palestine Kubbah famous Al-
Sakhra, the dome of stone erected in the reign of the caliph Abdul Malik bin Marwan in the
year 691 AD The building is a beautiful relic of the heyday of the Umayyad dynasty. Building
a mosque is a mosque with a dome-covered roof. In addition, Abdul Malik built the mosque of
Al-Aqsah no less arsiekturnya high artistic value.
A beautiful mosque with a high architectural styles are also available at Damascus built by
Walid bin Abdul Aziz as the palace mosque. The room is decorated with various ornaments
mosque made of marble and mosaics.
2. Advancement in the Field of Science
Although the rulers of the Umayyad dynasty prefers business development territory and
military power, there was a positive effort is made to the development of science. One of the
development effort is to provide encouragement and provision of adequate funding for the
scientists, artists and scholars want to do science. Budget provision was intended to
scientists no longer think about their finances, so they concentrate on work.
Muslim intellectual activity developed and developing countries along with the progress of
civilization and the expansion of its territory. At the time of this dynasty, the scientific world
Muslims have started up the development of various disciplines, as tangible evidence of the
depth and breadth of study by its scope.
The Muslim community has been ready to adopt the science of old civilizations, they
confidently absorb all useful and can enrich scientific granaries, ranging from the legacy of
Greece, Persia and India. They are brave and responsible to trace every niche of the nation
with a description of the various intellectual and cultural background of different religions.
As for other factors that influence the development of science during the reign of the
Umayyad dynasty was the freedom given by the rulers of teaching and learning activities,
conduct research, publish and debate the results of the study. This is called freedom of
academic freedom that can be likened to the foundation at the bottom of the structure of
science. Furthermore the freedom of movement of scientists, where they are known as a
very dynamic, where they were always adventurous and move from one place to another in
order to seek knowledge. By doing the movement as a natural means of ideas and
pemikirannyapun-movement and travel. This means that the circulation of books dynamically
scientists.
The existence of freedom of speech, talk, explain, expression and thought is also a factor
that supports the development of science in this period.
Center of scientific activity during the Umayyad Dynasty was a city of Basra and Kufa in Iraq.
Development of science is marked by the emergence of Muslim scientists in various fields.
In the reign of Caliph Umar bin Abdul Aziz often mngundang fakaha the clergy and the royal
court to review the science in the various assemblies. Other scholars who appeared at the
time was Hasan al-Basri, Ibn Shihab az-Zuhri and Wasil ibn Ata '.
Then when Islamic science developing, Arabic also play a role important, because the
Muslims and non Muslims scientists who wrote many of their works into Arabic. Gustave
Lebon said that the translation of the books of the Arabs (Muslims), especially scholarly
books became almost the sole source for teaching. He further said that the Muslims in
Andalusia (Spain) during the Umayyad dynasty more inclined to libraries and scientific
research institutions in various places.
Besides translating the ancient Greek books they are also actively engaged in industry and
trade. Versatility of the Muslims in the field of science has to juggle the first Spanish land
turns into desert a fertile country.
In addition to the books translation efforts, efforts to advance science is also done by the
caliph with the giving and sharing a great gift for anyone who can produce scientific papers.
Besides, also the caliph sent some Muslim scholars to study the various branches of science
that is in the East and West, absorbing science-knowledge and provide adequate facilities to
the sarjanan them. .
Center for science in the Umayyad dynasty in mosques there. In mosques, there was a study
group with each teacher to teach general science and religion. For example, Abdullah ibn
Abbas Tafsir teaching science at the Grand Mosque in Mecca and Ja'far Ashadiq Chemistry
science teaching in the mosque of Medina.
Among the sciences that developed during the Umayyad dynasty when it is:
A. Religious Sciences
As for the religious sciences are evolving at that time as Qiraat science, the science of
Hadeeth and Fiqh. Qiraat science has been progressing earlier than the science of hadith.
Qiraat science is the study of reading the Qur'an. In the world of Islam known as 7 different
readings of the Qur'an called Qiraatu sab'ah .. Qiraat is set to be the basis of reading the
Quran. As such it sab'ah qiraah pioneer Abdullah bin Kathir, Ibn Abi Asim Nujud
Developing the science of hadith during Caliph Umar bin Abdul Aziz. Services that are most
important and remembered a lot of people of all time is his business doing bookkeeping
hadith. This business is done on the basis of the consideration that many hadith scholars
who died in various battlefields, in addition to the many false hadith, hadith it is feared will be
lost, or because many false hadiths, it is difficult to determine which one is true - true of the
apostles and what is not.
Another reason dibukukannya hadiths because hadiths in Islam ranks second as a source of
law in Islam after the Qur'an. If the Qur'an had been recorded at the time of Caliph Uthman
ibn Affan, the hadith collection and writing done in the reign of Caliph Umar bin Abdul Aziz
(99-101 AH). Umar ordered the governors and scholars to gather and write the hadith in
order to spread Islam to the public. Al-Zuhry one of the leading scholars in the Hijaz alone
were assigned to collect and write the hadith in the sheets are then sent by the Caliph Umar
to the governors in the region. Although the caliphate has not had time to see the work of Al-
Zuhry as he was dead, the work done Al-Zuhry quite successful.
Further efforts continue hadith books by scholars and the caliph after Umar bin Abdul Aziz.
Writing activities and hadith books along with the growth and development of other sciences
in the 2nd century H. Therefore, this period is called the period of the hadith books
(codification or tadwinul hadith).
Among the scholars who gathered in the 2nd century hadith H is:
- Ibn Juraij in Mecca
- Muhammadd son Isaac at Madinah
- Sa'id ibn Abi Urwah in Basra
- Sufyan Al-sauries in Kuffah
- Al-Awza'i the Syrians
Later in the century 3 H occurs in both the hadith books and works of the scholars of
this period used as reference in the science of Hadith until now. Scholars are:
- Imam Bukhari, in his Sahih al-Bukhari
- Imam Muslim, Sahih Muslim with his work
- Imam Nasa'i, with his Sunan Al-Nasa'i
- Imam Abu Dawud, Sunan Abu Daud in his work
- Imam Turmudzi, with his Sunan Turmudzi
- Imam IbnuMajah, with his Sunan Ibn Majah.
Science commentary on this period have not been so experienced rapid development
as it occurs in the reign of the Abbasid dynasty. Interpretations developed only from the oral
to oral until finally written. Commentators at the time it is first of Ibn Abbas, one of the
companions of the prophet who died in 68 H.
While the new science of jurisprudence has developed in later periods, especially during the
reign of the Abbasid dynasty.

2. Science History and Geography

The science of history and geography have also grown at this time. One historian who has
successfully written numerous historical events that occurred before and during the reign of
the Umayyad period is Syaryah bin Ubaid Al Jurhumi. He was ordered by Mu'awiyah to
record some of the science of history. Among his works are The Book of Proverbs and the
Book of Al-Muluk wa al-Madhi Ahbar. Besides Ubaid, there are other historical writers such
as Shuhara Abdy who lived during Mu'awiyah. He managed to write a book Kitab Al-
Proverbs.

3. Medicine
In medical science has developed at the Caliph Al-Walid bin Abdul Malik. In the year 706 AD
he founded the School of Medicine. Al-Walid ordered the doctors to conduct research
activities with a sufficient budget. The doctor on duty was paid by the State instituted. He also
forbade lepers to beg on the streets. In fact, it provides special funding for leprosy patients
and the doctors were instructed to continue to conduct scientific research on medical
science.
For the development of medical science, the Umayyad caliph asked for help from the doctors
at Jundisahur to assist the development of this medicine. After that many medical experts to
be the personal physician of the caliph, whom Atsal, a Christian, and Al-Hakam Dimisyqi.

B. Development of Knowledge in Theology, Philosophy and Mysticism

A. Development of Knowledge in the Field of Theology
To explore in depth the intricacies of religious beliefs or give based on the strong foundation
that is not easily swayed by the circulation time, we need a theology that addresses the basic
tenets of a religion.
Problems in the Islamic theology begins with the problems that occur in the political field that
is the issue of power struggle between Ali bin Abi Talib and Mu'awiya. In the battle of Siffin,
where troops urged Ali to Muawiyah soldiers who nearly defeated, but the right-hand
Mu'awiyah named 'Amr bin' Ash picked up the spear to the Al-Quran on it as a sign of peace.
The attitude of Ali who received a ruse 'Amr bin' Ash to conduct arbitration (peace), even
though the state was forced, not approved by a majority of the troops. They argue that the
same can not be decided by arbitration humans. The verdict comes only from God to return
to the laws that exist in the Qur'an. He hukma illa lillah (there is no law other than the law of
God) to be their motto. Then the question arises who is kafir and who is not a pagan in the
sense of who has out of Islam and who are still in Islam.
Those who viewed Ali guilty, therefore they leave barisannya.Golongan is called by the name
of al-Khawarij the people who came out and broke away. This group considers that Ali and
Mu'awiyah were infidels.
Gradually the group is broken into several sects. The concept is also experiencing a heathen
also considered kafir perubahan.Yang no longer just people that do not specify the Koran
law, but the sins of the people who are also said to unbelievers.
The issue of the sinner is then a major in theology, giving rise to growth theology three
streams, namely:
A. Khawarij flow
which says that the great sinners are infidels and out
of Islam because it must be killed. Even though they have experienced
defeat, the Khawarij set back line and forward
good resistance to Muslim rule official at the time of the Umayyad dynasty
and the Abbasid dynasty. In the field opposite their constitutional
back to the government at that time. According to them the caliphate should be selected
freely by all Muslims.
2. The second stream that is Murji'ah
who says people who have remained faithful to sin and not the heathen. As a matter of
sin which he did it is up to God. This group was neutral not to meddle in the conflict that
occurs when it is.
3. The third stream is Mu'tazilah
People think those who committed major sins are not believers nor unbelievers. This
group brought the problems are more profound theological and philosophical nature of the
problems brought by the group and Murji'ah Khawarij. In his discussion, they use a lot of
sense, so they got the name of the rationalists of Islam.

2. The development of the philosophy of the Umayyad Dynasty

If the views of history in general, that the Greek philosophy into the world of Islam at the end
of the Umayyad Dynasty and its development peak during the Abbasid dynasty.
Muslims do not recognize at first philosophizing activity of pre-or early Islamic era, especially
in the Hijaz region the birthplace of Islam. Nevertheless, Muslims from the beginning was the
potential to be interested in philosophy. This is because the basic attitude of the Qur'an and
the Hadith in connection with the activities of thinking and the use of human reason. The
second source is loaded with messages that emphasize the importance of science and the
need to use reason. This suggestion can be used as a trigger growth and development of
philosophical thought among Muslims at that time.
As we know that Islamic philosophy was adopted from the philosophy of the Greeks and
Persians., Then based on the commands and moral guidance of the Qur'an and Sunnah.
Philosophy and philosophizing on the activities of the Umayyad Dynasty played a major role
in actualizing the potential of helping Muslims to think rationally, giving rise to rational
streams as Mu'tazilah.
The birth of philosophy also helped strengthen the foundation of Islam in the course of
development time, which offers a philosophy of ijtihad thinking patterns and influence in the
development of Islamic teachings.
Through the growth of science and philosophy of the philosophers of science to build the
basics of civilization and established patterns of thinking according to the guidance of Islamic
values.

3. The development of Sufism In The Umayyad Dynasty

Before the birth of Sufism flow, it first appeared Zuhd movement that arose in the late first
century and the beginning of the second century of the Hijra. Zuhd doctrine is the doctrine to
stay away from worldly things to achieve and maintain self-reward hereafter from the doom of
hell.
According to Nicholson, the birth of the Islamic movement Zuhd life caused by two factors,
namely the impact of the teachings of Islam and Christian teachings. The factor of Islamic
teachings that affect the birth of the movement as a practice Zuhd the word of God, the life
and sayings Rasullullah, Companions and Successors. While the influence of Christian
teachings away from the familiar world or live in seclusion in a monastery.
Meanwhile, according to al-Taftazani, that which led to the birth of Islamic movements in the
factor Zuhd the Qur'an and the Hadith, and political social conditions.
Many Quranic verses explaining that includes teaching them Zuhd
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20. Know, that fact of life This world is but play and amusement, pomp and boast of you and
proud of pride about the many wealth and children, such as rain-crop planting farmers
admirable; Then the plants are dry and you see the color yellow then be destroyed. and in
the next (later) there is a harsh punishment and forgiveness from Allah and His good
pleasure. and the life of the world is nothing but a deceiving enjoyment.
With the basis of the above text led to the birth of the ascetic in the first and second century
of the Hijra. They refrain from things that are mundane and do good for the hereafter. Even
encourage them to not care about clothes, food, wealth, charm the world and strive earnestly
to achieve happiness hereafter.
Political conflicts that occurred since the time of Caliph Uthman bin Affan until the time of the
Umayyad dynasty evolved into a religious issue. Each of the conflicting groups try to justify
themselves respectively. Thus it is clear how the political uproar when it was pushed in part
of the Muslims chose to isolate themselves for the life of worship and abstain from
involvement in political conflict.
At the time of the Umayyad dynasty (except during Umar bin Abd Aziz) prevalent tyranny and
oppression against their opponents. Among the Umayyad tyranny is the case of the killing of
Hasan bin Ali in Karbela. This murder occurred due to their treachery committed against him,
or the support they provide to their opponents. To rid themselves of what they have done
they also fill life with worship. Besides, there are groups who feel no need to be obedient to
the government of the Umayyad dynasty.
Along with the expansion of the area that has been achieved by the Umayyad dynasty
soldiers, the lives of the musliminpun changed. Both in economic and social lapanagan.
Social life of the Umayyad dynasty was far different from life Khilafat Rashidun. They live with
the luxury which sometimes lead to moral decadence. In this state, the Muslims who feel
obliged to call people to life Zuhd, simple, pious and not immersed in the luxury of sensual
impulse. One of the companions who criticize the lives of the Umayyads was Abu Zar al-
Gaffari.
Seeing things like this, people who do not want to live in luxury and want to retain the
simplicity of life such as age Rasullullah and Khilafat Rashideen distance themselves from
the world of luxury. Meraka known as the ascetic.
This Zuhd life movement began in Kufa and Basra in Iraq. The ascetic Kufahlah who first
wore coarse wool (philosophers) as a reaction to silk garments worn by officials and the
ruling Umayyad dynasty, such as Sufyan al-Sauri, Abu Hashim and Hashim bin Jabir. Of
Basra and Kufa is Zuhd movement spread all over the Islamic world, especially to a half
century Khurasan 2 H became an important center for political and religious activities
In a further development of this Zuhd movement turns into mysticism. Mystical teachings of
the cultivated class of Muslims and adapted to the teachings of Islam called Sufism.
There are several opinions about the understanding of the origin of the word Sufism, which
are:
A. Safa ', meaning pure, clean or pure. It is viewed in terms of intention or
The purpose of each action and the worship of the Sufis that everything is done
with sacred intention to cleanse the soul and serve Allah.
2. Saff, it means ranks or rows. So named because of the Sufis is on the line
first in front of God because of their desire for him.
3. Suffah or suffah al-mosque, that mosque porch .. The term is associated with
Somewhere in the Prophet's Mosque inhabited by a group of friends, the time
for jihad and its berdakwa and left the world.
4. Suf, meaning a fleece or wool. Given the Sufis wore clothes made
of coarse cloth (coarse wool) reaction to silk garments worn by
officials and the ruling Umayyad dynasty.
The purpose of the run of Sufism is to establish his religious beliefs to witness the form of
God, the Almighty is in the nature of Sufism desebut. People who can achieve this level of
so-called 'wise (those who can know God in the true sense). Alah is not a tool to get to know
faculty or sense, but the heart. In the heart of Sufism is like a mirror or glass, which directed
his glass when the presence of God through meditation (zikr), will be able to receive the nur
of the supernatural, ie God, so God could look in the mirror called ma'rifah heart. People who
occupy these levels to settle his religious beliefs one hundred percent.
Thus it appears that the teachings of the Sufis in the patterned akhlaki Umayyad dynasty, ie,
moral and mental education in order to purge the body and soul from worldly influences. In
other words, teaching them to invite the Muslims to live Zuhd as taught and practiced by the
Prophet and the Companions of.

C. Conclusion
A. Factors that led to the development of education, science and movement
Dynasty intellectual Umayayah include:
- The extent of the authority of the Umayyad Dynasty
- The movement of translation of the books of the Greeks, Persians and Romans to
in Arabic.
- The existence of assemblies and discussion centers that address a variety of fields
science.
- The presence of attention and encouragement from the rulers to the scientists
2. Development of science and intellectual movement during the Umayyad Dynasty
is the forerunner of the development of Islamic civilization which reached its
golden age during the Abbasid dynasty.
3. The factor that caused the collapse of Dynasty weakness Ummayah, among
it:
- The system of government that is leading to competition Absolute monarchy
between groups is not clear.
- The emergence of rebellion-rebellion by groups
not agree with the government Umayyads
- Life of Luxury rulers lead to protests and clashes between
the Muslims and the authorities.
.

Bibliography

Asmaran As, “Pengantar Studi Tasawuf” PT Raja Grafindo Persada Jakarta 1996
Harun Nasution, “ Teologi Islam” (Alira-aliran Sejarah Analisa
Perbandingan)Universitas Indonesia Jakarta 1972
Asari, “ Menguak Sejarah Mencari Ibrah “ (Risalah Sejarah Sosial Intelektual Muslim
klasik) Citapustaka Media Medan 2006
Imam Subchi, “ Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam” PT. Listafariska Putra Jakarta 2006
Musthafa Husni as-siba’I, “ Khazanah Peradaban Islam “ Pustaka Setia Bandung
2002
W. Montgomery Watt, “ Islam dan Peradaban Dunia” (Pengaruh Islam Atas Eropa
Abad Pertengahan) PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama Jakarta 1995
W.J.S.Poerwadarminta, “ Kamus Umum Bahasa Indonesia “ Balai Pustaka Jakarta
1995

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Judul: DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION AND THE INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENT UMAYYAH
Ditulis oleh Sonin
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