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Lab9 PtolemyCircuitCoSimulations

The document discusses using Ptolemy simulations in ADS to analyze the performance of a power amplifier when using a QAM16 modulated input signal. It describes setting up a QAM16 source in Ptolemy, connecting it to a power amplifier circuit, and plotting the ideal, filtered, and output constellations to analyze distortion from gain compression.

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100 views

Lab9 PtolemyCircuitCoSimulations

The document discusses using Ptolemy simulations in ADS to analyze the performance of a power amplifier when using a QAM16 modulated input signal. It describes setting up a QAM16 source in Ptolemy, connecting it to a power amplifier circuit, and plotting the ideal, filtered, and output constellations to analyze distortion from gain compression.

Uploaded by

mamun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab9: ADS Ptolemy- Circuit Co-Simulations

LAB9: ADS PTOLEMY-CIRCUIT CO-SIMULATIONS

We will understand Modulated Signal Input for Power Amplifier & Implications

We will setup Ptolemy Bench for QAM16 Source

We will plot Ideal, Band-limited and PA Output Constellation using TK Plots

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Lab9: ADS Ptolemy- Circuit Co-Simulations

Table of Contents

1. MODULATED SIGNAL INPUTS FOR POWER AMPLIFIER 3


1.1. QAM16 Modulation 3

1.2. Bandwidth Improvement by DSP Filters 4

2. PTOLEMY SIMULATIONS 5
2.1. Ptolemy-Circuit Co-simulations 5

2.2. QAM16 Source in ADS 5

2.3. Power Amplifier Performance to QAM16 Input 5

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Lab9: ADS Ptolemy- Circuit Co-Simulations

1. Modulated Signal Inputs for Power Amplifier


Modern Communication Systems are aimed at improving spectral efficiency. Spectral
Efficiency refers to Data Through-Put Rate for given bandwidth. Digital Modulation
Techniques are spectrally more efficient than Analog Modulation Techniques. Quadrature
Amplitude Modulation (QAM) is most commonly used Digital Modulation to improve
spectral efficiency.

1.1. QAM16 Modulation


In QAM Modulation, bits are grouped into symbols and each symbol is designated unique
phase and amplitude of RF Carrier. For example QAM16 has 16 unique phase and
amplitude states to represent 4-bit symbols. These states show up on phasor diagram as
Constellation.

I I Bin

Q Q

Figure shows QAM16 Constellation. Each symbol represents 4 bits. Thus symbol rate is ¼
of bit rate.

If we assume a square region around each state as acceptable representation of state, it is


referred to as bin. Amplitude and Phase Error from the designated phase and amplitude is
represented as Vector. Magnitude of Error Vector expressed as percentage of RF Carrier
Amplitude is %EVM or Percentage Error Vector Magnitude.

Instead of Modulating RF Carrier directly, polar nature of signal is represented in terms of


rectangular I and Q Components (Only Amplitude Modulation). I and Q signals modulate
Sine and Cosine components at RF frequency. This improves spectral efficiency further by
twice.

I and Q amplitude and phase balance is important to faithfully demodulate the


Constellation.

Data Throughput Rate can further be increased by using QAM64, QAM128 and QAM256
Modulation.

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Lab9: ADS Ptolemy- Circuit Co-Simulations

Modulates Cosine
Carrier

Gain
(dB)
Pout
(dBm)

Phas
e
Pout
(dBm)
Gain/Phase Performance of PA

Q Modulates Sine
(t) Carrier
I
(t)

Note that QAM RF Signal has Amplitude and Phase Modulation. This results in RF Carrier
to have peak and average power. When peak power hits non-linear region (compression)
of PA, the constellation skews. Thus faithful demodulation is only possible for constellation
with limited skew.

1.2. Bandwidth Improvement by DSP Filters


Instead of very sharp transition of I and Q amplitude from bin to bin which requires large
bandwidth, sharp transitions are smoothed by band limiting using DSP Filters. This
requires sampling of I and Q at right instants. This is regulated by DSP Filter length and
delay.
Sampling

I Signal Filtered I Signal

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Lab9: ADS Ptolemy- Circuit Co-Simulations

2. Ptolemy Simulations
Digital Systems can be created and simulated using ADS Ptolemy Simulator. Digital
Signals through Digital Systems can be timed or un-timed. Digital Systems can be
modelled using digital logic.

2.1. Ptolemy-Circuit Co-simulations


QAM16 Modulation of RF is performed in ADS Ptolemy Simulator. Signal from ADS
Ptolemy Bench is put into Power Amplifier. Power Amplifier is simulated using Envelope
Simulation. Output of Power amplifier is interfaced to ADS Ptolemy Bench using EnvOut
component. PA output is down converted to baseband and demodulated using IQ
Demodulator.

2.2. QAM16 Source in ADS

Figure shows QAM16 Source. Instead of creating QAM16 Source from scratch, we will
copy it from Tutorial Folder.

2.3. Power Amplifier Performance to QAM16 Input


In this section, we will create Power Amplifier Schematic and
setup Envelope Simulation Controller. We will Plot Ideal Input,
Filtered and PA Output QAM16 Constellation.

1. Copy project Lab8_LoadPull_prj as


Lab9_PtolemyCircuitCoSimulations.

2. Open PwrAmplifier.dsn and Save Design As...


PAforCosim.dsn

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Lab9: ADS Ptolemy- Circuit Co-Simulations

3. Add Envelope Simulation Controller to PAforCoSim.dsn

Envelope Simulation
Controller settings are
shown in figure.

4. Figure shows modified


PA Circuit Schematic for
Ptolemy-Circuit Co-
Simulations.

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Lab9: ADS Ptolemy- Circuit Co-Simulations

5. Add design parameters using File> Design


Parameters…Select their type and add default values.

6. Figure shows an example of Design Parameter.

7. Copy QAM_16Source.dsn from …Day3/ InitialPtolemyBenches to current project


folder. From same folder copy PA_QAMInput.dsn

8. Place PAforCoSim.dsn schematic component on PA_QAMInput.dsn and connect as


shown in figure.

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Lab9: ADS Ptolemy- Circuit Co-Simulations

9. Modify RFfreq, RFpower, & bitrate as shown in figure.

10. Hit Simulate. Observe Ideal, Filtered and PA output Constellation. Increase power and
re-simulate to see the skew due to PA Gain compression. Adjust Filter Delay and Rotation
as shown in figure below.

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Lab9: ADS Ptolemy- Circuit Co-Simulations

11. Increase RFpower by 3 dB and Observe PA Output Constellation.

Skewed Constellation

End of Exercise

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