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Lab 3

The document discusses using DOS interrupts to access the keyboard and display console without an operating system by calling BIOS interrupts directly, providing examples of interrupts to input and output single characters and strings from the keyboard and display and tasks to write assembly programs that take user input and display output using these interrupts. The interrupts demonstrated include reading a character from the keyboard with and without echo, reading a string from the keyboard, and writing a character and string to the display console.

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97 views4 pages

Lab 3

The document discusses using DOS interrupts to access the keyboard and display console without an operating system by calling BIOS interrupts directly, providing examples of interrupts to input and output single characters and strings from the keyboard and display and tasks to write assembly programs that take user input and display output using these interrupts. The interrupts demonstrated include reading a character from the keyboard with and without echo, reading a string from the keyboard, and writing a character and string to the display console.

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sasas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Laboratory Manual

CS/EEE/INSTR F241Microprocessor
Programming & Interfacing
DOS INTERRUPTS – BASIC KEYBOARD & DISPLAY
CONSOLE INTERRUPTS

Anupama KR & Meetha.V.Shenoy


BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE,
PILANI – KK BIRLA GOA CAMPUS
LAB 3 – DOS INTERRUPTS – BASIC KEYBOARD & DISPLAY CONSOLE INTERRUPTS

3.1 Introduction to DOS & BIOS Interrupts

The BIOS is specific to the individual computer system. It contains the default resident hardware
dependent drivers for several devices including the console display, keyboard, and the boot disk
device. Have you ever wondered how you are able to type characters and view them even when no
OS is loaded, like when the computer is booting?

The BIOS operates at a more primitive level than the DOS kernel. In a X86 based systems, there are
total of 256 possible interrupts, out of which some interrupts are reserved for DOS, BIOS services,
which the programmer can access by loading the function number into appropriate registers and
then invoking the interrupt.

In providing the DOS functions, the MS-DOS kernel communicates with the BIOS device drivers
through the BIOS functions. DOS then provides something like a wrapper over the primitive BIOS
function. By providing the wrapper, DOS makes the functions easier to use and more reliable, but in
turn, reduce the flexibility and power of the functions. By using the BIOS interrupts directly, the
programmer bypasses the DOS kernel.

In the next two experiments you will using INT 21 H (DOS Interrupts) – Here we use INT 21H to
access value of key pressed and display charcters.

3.2 Keyboard Interrupts

Purpose: Input a character from keyboard (STDIN) with Echo

Program Segment

MOV AH, 01h ; AH -01 parameter for INT 21h

INT 21h

You have to run the program using debug/debug32 and the ASCII key you press will be stored in AL
register.

Purpose: Input a character from keyboard (STDIN) without Echo

Program Segment

MOV AH, 08h ; AH -08 parameter for INT 21h

INT 21h

You have to run the program using debug/debug32 and the ASCII key you press will be stored in AL
register. The difference is the character will not be visible on the screen when you type it
Purpose: Input a string from keyboard (STDIN)

Program

.data
max1 db 32 ; 32 is max no. of chars that a user can type in (max possible – 255)
act1 db ? ; actual count of keys that user types will be stored here after int has
; executed (Note this cannot exceed the value specified in max1 –
; actual keys you enter will 31 as the 32nd will be Enter key)
inp1 db 32 dup(0) ; Reserve 32 locations for input string
.code
.startup
LEA DX,max1
MOV AH, 0Ah
INT 21h
After the interrupt, act 1 will contain the number of characters read, and the characters themselves
will start at inp1 The characters will be terminated by a carriage return (ASCII code 0Dh), although
this will not be included in the count (Note: this will not be included in the ACT1 but you have to
count Enter also when you are specifying it in max1)

Purpose: Output a character to display (STD OUT)

Program Segment

MOV DL, ‘A’


MOV AH, 02h
INT 21h
After Interrupt is executed character ‘A’ will be displayed on the screen.

Purpose: Output a string on display (STDOUT)

Program

.data
str1 db ‘HELLO $’ ; all strings must terminate with ‘$’ ASCII value (24h)
.code
.startup
lea dx, str1
mov ah, 09h
int 21h
When interrupt is executed the string “HELLO” will be displayed on screen.

Remove the ‘$’ sign. What happens?


Task1: Write an ALP that will take in a string of maximum 20 characters from user and display it on
the next line on the screen (ASCII equivalent for newline is 0Dh (enter) followed by 0Ah (next line))

Task2: Write an ALP that does the following

(1) Display the string “Enter User Name” and goes to the next line
(2) Takes in the user entered string compares with user name value already stored in memory
(3) If there is no match it should exit.
(4) If there is a match it should display the string “Enter Password” and goes to next line
(5) Takes in password entered by the user and compares with password already stored in memory
(6) If there is no match it should exit’
(7) If there is a match it should display “Hello Username”

Note:

While the username is being entered it can be displayed but when password is being entered user
pressed key should be displayed instead it should display “*” for every key pressed.

The user name size is fixed to 10 characters and password to 8 characters.

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