English-latin Vocabulary

An Arabic (I) in parentheses after a verb shows that this is a regular

verb of the first conjugation with a sequence of principal parts ending in
-are, -avi, -iitum. For prefixes and suffixes see the lists in the Appendix. For
more complete definitions of the Latin words, see the Latin-English Vocab-
ulary.

A
also, quoque
abandon, relinguo, -ere, -liqu'i, -lictum although, cum + sub).
able (be), possum, posse, potul always, semper
about (concerning), de + ab!. among, inter + acc.
absolute ruler, tyrannus, In. ancestors, majores, mai6ru111, 111. pI.
abundance, copia, f ancient, antIquus, -a, -lim
accomplish, facio, -ere, fed, factum; be and, ct, -que, ac, atque
aCCOml)lished, fTo, fierI, factus sum anger, Ira, -ae, f
across, trans + ace. angry, Trutus, -<1, -lim
advice, consiliull1, n. animal, animal, -malis, n.
advise, moneo, -uI, -itum announce, mlnti6 (I)
affect, adfici5, -ere, -fed, -tectum another, alius, -a, -lId
afraid (be), metuo, -1.11 answer, respondeD, -ere, -spond!, -sponsum
after, post + acc. any, -all US, -a, -lim
afterwards, postea any (anyone, anything, ({fier sl, nisi, nc, num), quis,
after all, postremurn quid
again, iterum argument, argGmcntul11, -I, n.
against, contra + ace. army, exercitus, -us, In.
age, actUs, f arms, arnm, -orum, 11. pl.
alas, hell, vae arrest, comprehend6, -ere, -T, -hensum
all, omnis, -e arrogant, superbus, -a, -lim
alone, sol us, -a, -urn art, aI's, artis, f

461
462 Wheelock's Latin

as, ut + inclie. but, sed, at

as ... as possible, quam + superlativE' by (= agent), a or ab + ab!.;
Asia, Asia, -ae, I (= means), simple abl.
ask, rogo (1)
assure (I assure you, you may be assured), use c
personal prol1. in dar. case (da!. e.g.,
tibi) Caesar, Caesar, -saris, m.
at (= time), ab!. of time,' (= place), lac. o.lnames call, voeo (I); appeJlo (l)
of cities can, possum, posse, potuI
Athens, Athenae, -arum,I pl. capture, capio, -ere, eepY, captu111
attack, OppllgllO (1) care, cura, -ae, /
author, -toris, m. certain (definite, sure), certus, -a,
avert, avena, -ere, -I, -versum (indef) quIdam, quaedam, quiddam (pron.) or
away from, ab + aM quoddam
certainly, eerie
B change, mato (1)
character, mores, marum, m. pl.
bad, malus, -a, -um cheer, recreo (I)
band, manus, -us, I Cicero, Cicero, -ranis, m.
banish, expello, -ere, -pun, -pulsum citizen, elvis, -is, 111. {I.'
base, turpis, -c citizenship, cIvitas, -tatis, f
be, sum, esse, fuI, fuWrum city, urbs, urbis, f
beard, barba, -ae, / come, venia, -Ire, venI, ventum
beautiful, pulcher, -chra, -chrum; bell us, -a, -urn come baci(, revenio, -ventum
beauty, forma, -ae, I comfort, solacium, -iT, n.
because, quod command (noun), imperium, -iI, /1.;
become, fio, fierI, factus sum (vb.), impero (1)
before, ante + ace. common, communis, -e
beg, oro (1) commonwealth, res publica, ref publicae,/
began, coepI, coepisse, eoeptum (pres. system compare, compara (1)
supplied by incipio) complain, queror, -I, quest us sum
begin, incipio, -ere, -cepI, -ceptum (see began concerning, de + abl.
above) confess, fateor, -erI, fassus sum
believe, credo, -ere, -didI, -ditum conquer, supero (1); vinc6, -ere, vIeI, victum
benefit, beneficium, -iI, n. consllirators, coniflratI, -orum, m. pl.
best, optimus, -a, -um constellation, sId us, -deris, 11.
better, melior, -ius consul, consul, -sulis, m.
blind, caecus, -a, -urn country, patria, -ae,l; terra, -ae,I
body, corpus, -poris, n. courage, virtus, -tiltis, f
(be) born, nascor, -I, natus sum create, creo (I)
book, libel', -brI, m. custom, mas, moris, m.
both ... and, et ... et crime, sceIus, -leris, 11.
boy, puer, puerI, m.
brave, fortis, -e D
brief, brevis, -e.
bright, clarus, -a, -U111 danger, perIculum, -I, n.
bring, [era, ferre, tull, latu111 dare, aude6, -ere, ausus sum
bring (back), refero, -ferre, -ttull, -IatU111 daughter, ITlia, -ae,/ (dat. and obI. pl. fTliabus)
brother, frater, -tris, m. day, dies, -cI, m.
buH, bas, bovis, 111.1/ dear, carus, -a, -um
 English-Latin Vocabulary 463

death, mars, mortis, f entrust, committo, -ere, -mIsI, -missum

dedicate, dedico (1) envy, (be) envious, invideo, -ere, -vIdI, -vIsum +
deed, factum, -T, 11. dat.
defend, derenda, -erc, -T, -rensum err, erro (l)
delay, mora, -ae, f esteem, diligo, -ere, -lexI, -lectum
delight, delecto (1) even, etiam; not even, ne ... quidem
deny, nego (I) ever, umquam
depart, disced6, -ere, -cessI, -cessum; abe6, -Ire, every(one), ornnis, -e
-iT, -itum evil (a({n, malus, -a, -urn; (noun), malum, -I, 11.
deprived of (be), careD, -ere, -1.11, -iturum exhibit, ostendo, -ere, -I, -tentum
descendant, nepos, -potis, m. expect, exspectO (I)
desire (vb.), cupio, -ere, -lvi, -ltum; desIdero (1); expel, expello, -ere, -puli, -pulsum
(noun), voluptas, -tatis,f eye, oculus, -I, m.
despise, contemno, -ere, -tcmpsT, -temptum
destroy, deleo, -ere, -evT, -etum F
destruction, exitium, -1, 11.
die, morior, -1, mortuus sum face, vultus, -us, m.
difficult, difficilis, -c faith, fides, -el, f
dignity, dignitas, -tatis,I faithful, fidelis, -e
dine, ceno (1) fall, cado, -ere, cecidI, casurum
dinner, -ae, f false, falsus, -a, -urn
discm'er, reperi6, -Ire, -pperT, -pertull1 fame, fama, -ae, I
disgraceful, turpis, -c family, familia, -ae, f
dissimilar, dissimilis, -c farmer, agricola, -ae, m.
do, facio, -ere, fecI, factum; be done, ITo, fierI, father, pater, -tris, 111.
factus sum fault, culpa, -ae,l; vitium, -iI, 11.
doctor, medica, -ae,/; medicus, -I, m. fear (vb.), tirneo, -ere, -uI; (noun), metus, -fts, /11,;
drag, traho, -ere, traxI, tractum timor, -moris, m.
dread (vb.), metuo, -ere, -uI; (noun), metus, feel, senti6, -Ire, sellsI, sensum
-us, m. feeling, sensus, -us, m.
drive out, expello, -ere, -pull, -pulsum ferocious, ferox, gen. ferocis
few, paueT, -ae, -a (pl.)
E fidelity, fides, -el, f
fierce, acer, acris, acre; ferox, gen. ferocis
eagerness, studium, -iI, 11. fifth, quIntus, -a, -um
ear, auris, -is,f finally, denique
easy, facilis, -e find, invenio, -Ire, -venT, -ventum
eight, octo first (adj.), prImus, -a, -urn; (adv.) prImum, prImo
either, uter, utra, utrum five, qUInque
either ... or, aut ... aut flee, fugio, -ere, mgI, fugitftrum
eleven, undecim follow, seqllor, -I, secutus sum
emperor, -toris, m. foolish, stultus, -a, -lim
end, finis, -is, m. for (COl'(j.), nam, enirn; (= since, because), quod,
endure, fero, ferre, tulT, Iatum; patior, -I, pass us quoniam; (prep,), pro + abl,; ajien simply the
sum da!. case.
enemy, host1s, -is, m. (usually pl.) force, vIs, vIs, I
enjoy, fitor, -I, usus sum + ab!. fOl'ces (tI'OOps), copiae, -al'um,f pl.
enjoyment, fructus, -us, m. forgive, ignosco, -ere, -novi, -notum + dat.
enough, satis former, prior, prius
entire, tOtus, -a, -U111 fortunate, fortftnatus, -a, -urn
464 Wheelock's Latin

fortune, fortUna, -ae,.f healthy, sanus, -a, -um

forum, forum -I, n. heal', audio, -Ire, -lvI, -Hum
four, quattnor heart (in one's), use personal p/'On. in dat. case (dat.
free (vb.), llbero (I); (adj.), lIbel', -era, -erum q/,re[erence, e.g.) mihi, tibi)
freedom, lIbertas, -UHis, f heavy, gravis, -e
freely, IIbere help (vb.), adiuvo, -are, -iHvT, -iutum;
friend, amIca, -ae,l; amIcus, -I, 111. (noun), auxilium, -iI, n.
friendly, amIcus, -a, Mum her (possessive) eius (not rejlexive); suus, -a, -urn
friendship, amlcitia, Mae, f (reflexive)
frighten, terreD, -cre, -uT, -itum herself, suI (reflexive); ipsa (intensive)
from (away), ab; (out) ex; (down) de: all + abl. hesitate, dubito (l)
fruit, fructus, -us, m. high, altus, -a, -urn
full, plenus, -a, -urn higher, altior, superior, -ius
himself, suT (reflexive); ipse (intensive)
his, eius (not reflexive); suus, -a, -urn (reflexive)
G hold, ten eo, -ere, -uI, ten tum
home, domus, -Hs,I; at home, domI;
game, ifJdus, -I, 111.
(to) home, domum; from home, dorno
gate, porta, Mae, f
honor, honor, -noris, m.
general, dux, ducis, 111.; imperator, -toris, m.
h01'e (noun), spes, -eI,f; (vb.), spero (l)
gift, d6num, -r, 11.
horn, cornu, -us, n.
girl, puella, Mae, f
horse, equus, -1, m.
give, do, dare, dedi, datum
hour, h6ra, -ae,.f
(be) glad, gaudee, -ere, gavTsus sum
house, casa, -ae,.f
glory, gloria, Mae, f
however, autel11 (postpositive)
go, eo, Ire, iI, itull1
how great, quantus, -a, -um
go astray, elTO (l)
how many, quat
go away, abeD, -Ire, -iI, -itum
human, humanlls, -a, -um
god, deus, -I, m. (VOl: sg. deus, 110m. pl. deT or dI,
human being, hom6, -minis, m.
dal. and abl. pl. dIs)
humane, human us, -a, -um
goddess, dca, -ae,I (rIal. and abl. pl. deabus)
humble, humilis, -e
good, bonus, -a, Mum
hundred, centum
gratitude, gratia, /
hurt, noceo, -ere, -uI, -itum + dat.
great, magnus, -urn
greedy, avarus, -a, -um
Greek, Graecus, -a, -um; a Greek, Graecus, -1, 111. I
grieve, doleo, -ere, -uI, -iturum
I, ego, meT; often cqJ1n:\'ed by the personal
ground, humus, -1,/; terra, -ae,I
ending of vb.
guard, custodia, -ae, I
if, sI; if ... not, nisi
ill, malum, -1, n.
H illustrious, clarus, -a, -lim
immortal, immortalis, -e
hand, manus, -Os,/ in, in + ab!.
happy, beatus, -a, -um; felix, gen. felids infancy, Infantia, -ae, j.'
harm, noceo, -ere, -UI, -itUl1l + dar. injustice, injuria, -ae, f
harsh, durus, -a, -um; acerbus, -a, -um into, in + (lCC.
have, habeo, -ere, -uI, -itum invite, invIto (1)
he, is; afien indicated by the personal ending iron, ferrum, -1, n.
vb. it, is, ea, id; bu/icated only by personal ending
head, caput, -pitis, J1. vb.
 English-Latin Vocabulary 465

Italy, Halia, -ae, j lose, amittiS, -mIsI,

itself, sUI v"efle::dve); ipsum (intensil'e) loye (Jlb.), amo (1); VlOlIl1), amo1', amoris,!1'l.
loyal, fide lis, -e
J luck, fortUna, -ae, f

join, iung6, -ere, iunx], iunctulTI M

judge, iudex, -dicis, m.
judgment, indicium, -iT, n. make, facio, feel, factum
just, iustus, -a, -lim man, vir, virI, m.; homo, 111.;
a/len expressed by masc. at!}.
K many, multi, -ae, -a
master, magister, -trI, 111.; dominus, -I, 11'1.
keen, acer, acris, acre may (indicating permission to do something), licet
keenly, acri ter + dat. +
kindness, beneficium, -iI, 11. me. See I.
king, rex, regis, m. memory, memoria, -ae, f
kiss, basiulTI, -iI, n. mercy, clementia,
knee, genrt, -us, 11. method, modus, -I, I'll.
know, seiD, -Ire, -lvI, -Hum; not know, nescio, -Ire, middle, medius, -a, -lim
-TvI, -Hum mind, mens, mentis, f
knowledge, scientia, -ae, f mix, misceo, -ere, mixtulTI
mob, VUlgus, -I, J1. (w)Jnetimcs m.)
L modest, pudTcllS, -a,
money, pecunia, -ae, I
labor, -boris, m. monument, monumentUI11, 11.
lack, carea, -ere, -lII, -itiirum + aM more, pHis, pi uris; camp. of([t(j. or ad)!.
land, patria, -ae, I; terra, -ae, f most, pHiriI11us, super/. Of adv.
language, lingua, -ae, f mother, -tris,I
large, magnus, -a, -urn mountain, mons, montis, ITI.
I..Jatin, LatInus, -a, -urn move, moveo, -ere, movI, matum
law, lex, legis, f much, multus, -a, -um
lead, duco, -cre, duxi, ductum murder, neeo (1)
leader, dux, duds, m. must, debco, -ere, 0/; .fiJI' passil!e, use
learn (in the academic sense), disco, -cre, didicT; passi)!e periphrw.;{ic
(gel cognosco, my, meus, -a, -um (111. voc. sg. mI)
leave, abeo, -Ire, -iI, -itum myself (re./fexive), mel, mihi, etc.;
left, sinister, -tnt, -trU11l (intensive) ipse, ipsa
leisure, otium, -iI, n.
let (someone do something), express this Ivith N
jllssi)!c
letter (epistle), litterae, -arum,f pI. name, nomen, -minis, 11.
liberty, IIbertas, -tatis,I narrate, narro (1)
life, vIta, -ae, I nation, gens, gentis, f
light, lUx, Hicis, f nature, natUra, I
listen (to), audio, -Ire, -lvI, -Hum neglect, negJego, -giexi. -glectum
literature, litterae, -arum, f pl. neighbor, vkIna, vicTnus, -I, 111.
little, parvus, -a, -um; little book, libellus, -I, 11'1. neither, .. nor, neqllc ... neqlle
live, vIvo, -ere, vIxI, victum; live one's life, vItam never, nllmqllam
ago, egI, actum nevertheless, tamen
long (for a long time), diu new, nov us, -a,
466 Wheelock's latin

night, nox, noctis, f patience, patientia, -ae, f

nine, novem pay. See penalty.
no, nilllus, -a, -um peace, pax, pacis, I
nobody, no one, nemo, m.(l;.lbr decl. see Lat.-Eng. penalty, poena, -ae, f; pay the IJCnalty, poenas
Vocab. dare
not, non; ne with jllssive, jllssive noun, {lnd purp- people, populus, -I, m.
clauses; ut ll'ith fear clauses perceive, sentio, -Ire, sensI, sensum
nothing, nihil (indecl.), 11. perhaps, fortasse
now,nunc I)criod (of time), aetas, f
number, numerus, -I, m. perish, pereo, -lre, -iI, -itum
permit, patior, -I, passus sum;
o it is permitted, lieet, licere, licuit (impcr5:)
perpetual, perpetuus, -a, -urn
obey, pareo, -ere, -U1 + dot. persuade, persuadeo, -ere, -suasI, -suasurn + dal.
offer, offeri}, -ferre, obtulT, obIatul11 philosopher, sapiens, -entis, m.; philosopha, -ae,I;
office, oilicium, -iI, n. philosoph us, -T, m.
often, saepe philosophy, philosophia, -ae, f
old, antTquus, -<1, -um; senex, senis place, locus, -I, !J1.; pl., IDea, -orum, n.
old man, senex, senis, rn. plan, consiiiulTI, -iI, 11.
on (= place), in + abl.; (= lime), simple obI. llieasallt, iucundus, -a, -um
on account of, propter + ace. Iliease, placeD, -ere, -uI, -itum + dat.; with a
once, semel request, amfibo te
one, unus, -a, -um pleasure, volupUis, -tatis, f
only (adl'.), tantum; (adj.), solus, -a, -um l)lebeiaos, plebs, plobis, f
opinion, sententia, -ae,f; (in one's) opinion, lise plot, Tnsidiae, -arum, f pl.
personal pron. in da!. case (dot. ofrejerence, e.g., poem, carmen, -mInIS, n.
mihi, tibi) poet, pacta, -ae, I'll.
opportunity, occi'isio, -on is, f (as ... as) possible greatest possible, brightest
01', aut possible, etc.), quam + ,\·uperl. or adE
oration, 6ratio, -onis,I power (command), imperium, -i1, 11.
orator, orator, -toris, m. powerful, potens, gen. potentis
order, iubeo, -ere, iussI, iussum; impero (1) + dat. praise (vb.), laudo (I); (noun), laus, laudis,f
(in) order to, ut (+ in order not to, ne ( + prefer, malO, malie, malul
subj.) prepare, parD (1)
other, another, alins, alia, aliud; preserve, conservo (1)
the other (of 1\'\'0), alter, -era, -erum; press, premo, -ere, pressI, pressum
(all) the other, ceterT, -ae, -a Inetty, bellus, -a, -um; pulcher, -dua, -chrum
ought, debeo, -ere, -liT, -itum; 01; for passive, lise priest, sacerdos, -dotis, m.
passive penjJlirastic prohibit, prohibeo, -ere, -uT, -hum
our, noster, -tra, -trum promise, promitto, -ere, mTsT, -missum
out of, ex + ahl. provided that, dummodo + sub).
overcome, supero (1) pupil, discipula, -ae,f; discipulus, -1,111.
overpower, opprimo, -ere, -pressI, -pressum pursuit, studiuIl1, -iI, 11.
OWII, his OWI1, suus, -a, -um; my own, mens, -a, -um put, pono, -ere, pasuT, positum

p
Q
paill, dolor, -loris, 111.
part, pars, partis, f queen, regIna, -ae, I
passage, locus, -1, m. quici(, ceIer, -eris, -cre
passion, cupid it as, -tatis,I quickly, celeriter, cito
 English-latin Vocabulary 467

R seek, pet6, -ere, -lvI, -!tum; quaero, -ere, -sIvI,

-sTtum
raise, to1l6, were, sustlln, sublatum seem, videor, -erI, visus sum
rather: express this with comp. degree qlo((j. or seize, rapia, -ere, -uT, raptum
(u/J!. senate, senatus, -us, 111.
read, ieg6, -ere, legT, lectul11 send, mitto, -ere, mIsI, missum
real, VenIS, -a, Mum serious, gravis, -e
reaSOIl, ratio, -onis, I serve, servia, -Ire, -lvI, -Hum + dat.
receive, accipi6, -ere, -cepium service, officium, -iI, n.
recite, recito (1) seven, septem
recognize, recognosc6, -ere, -novI, -nitum she, ea; (dten indicated only by the personal ending
refuse, rccl!s6 (1 ) vb.
regain, recipi6, -ere, weep!, -cepium ship, navis, -is,I
region, loca, -arum, 11. short, brevis, -e
remain, reman eo, -ere, -mansI, -mansum show, ostendo, -ere, -I, -ten tum
report, nunti6 (l) shun, vIto (1); fugio, -ere, mgI, fugiturum
republic, res publica, reT publicae, f sign, signum, -I, 11.
reputation, rama, -ae,f similar, simi lis, -e
rescue, eripi6, -cre, -uT, -reptul11 since, quoniam + indic.; cum + subj.; obI. abs.
rcst, the rest, ceter!, Mae, -a sister, soror, -roris, I
restrain, tene6, -ere, -uI, -tentum six, sex
return (go back), redea, -Ire, -iT, -itum skill, ars, artis, I
ret'urn (in return for), pro + ab!. slave, servus, -I, 111.; slavegirl, serva, -ae,I
riches, dlvitiae, -arum, I pl. slavery, servitus, -tiHis,I
right (noun), ius, iuris, 1'1.; (a((j.), dexter, sleep (vb.), dormio, -Ire, -lvI, -hum; (noun),
-trum somnus, -I, 111.
road, via, Mae, I slender, gracilis, -e
Roman, Romanus, -a, small, parvus, -a, Mum
Rome, Renna, so, ita, sIc with vbs.), tam (usually with
rose, rosa, Mae, I a(Us. and advs.); so great, tantus, -a, -um
nile (noun), regnum, -I, 11.; (vh.), rego, -ere, rexI, soldier, mIles, -litis, 111.
rectum some, a certain one (indeI), quidam, quaedam,
rumor, rumor, -moris, 111. quiddam; (more emphatic jmm.), aliquis, ali quid
run, curro, -ere, cucurrT, cursum some ... others, aliI ... am
son, millS, -iI, 111.
s SOOIl, mox
sort, genus, -neris, 11.
sad, tristis, -e soul, animus, -I, l11.
safe, salvlls, -a, Mum sound, sanns, Mum; saivus, -a, -um
safety, sa Ins, -liHis, / spare, parco, -ere, pepercI, parsurum + dal.
sailor, nauta, Mae, 111. speak, dIco, -ere, dIxT, dictum; loquor, -I, locutus
sal(e (for the sake of), gen. + causa sum
salt, sal, salis, 111. spirit, spIritus, -us, l11.
same, Idem, eadem, idem stand, st6, stare, stetl, statum
satisfy, satia (l) start, proficTscor, -I, -fectus sum
save, servo (l); conscrv6 (1) state, cIvitas, -tatis,I; res pfIblica, reI publicae, I
say, dTco, -ere, dTxI, dictum story, fabula, I
school, Iud us, -1, 1J1. street, via, Mae, I
sea, mare, -IS, 11. strength, vU'es, -ium, I pl.
second, secundus, -a, Mum; -era, -erum strong, fortis, Me; be strong, valec, -ere, -uT, -iturum
see, video, -ere, vIdI, vIsum student, discipula, -ae,,!; discipulus, -I, J11.
468 Wheelock's Latin

study (noun), studium, -iT, n.; (l'b.), studea, -ere, -uT three, tres, tria
+ dot. through, per + ace.
suddenly, subito throughout, per + acc.
summer, aesUis, -tatis,/ throw, iacio, -ere, iecI, iactllm
sun, sol, solis, m. thus, sIc
support, ala, -ere, -uI, altum time, tempus, -poris, n.,' (period of) time, aetas,
suppose, oplnor, -arI, -atus sum; puto (I) -talis,I
suppress, opprimo, -primere, -pressI, -pressum to (place ro lI'hich), ad + ace.; (incl. dm.;
sUIll'eme power, imperium, -iI, n. (jJurp.), ut + sul?/, ad + gerund or gerundive
sure, certus, -a, -um today, hodic
surrender, trUdo, -ere, -didT, -dittnn totemtc, lolero (I)
sweet, dulcis, -e tomorrow, eras
swift, celer, -eris, -ere too, nimis, nimium; or lise COl11p. (kgree qj'm(/ or
sword, ferrum, -1, n.; glaJius, -iI, 117. adv.
Syracuse, SyracGsae, -arum, I p/. touch, tango, -ere, tetigI, tactum
travel (abroad), peregrInor, -arI, -atus sum
T trivial, levis, -e
troops, copiac, -arum,I pl.
talk, loquor, -I, -cfItus sum Troy, Troia,
teach, docca, -cre, -u1, doctum true, VenIS, -a, -Ul11
tcacher, magister, -trI, m.; magistra, -ae,I truly, vere
tear, lacrima, -ae, I trust, credo, -ere, -clidI, + dat.
tell, dlca, -ere, dlxI, dictum truth, veritas, -tatis, I
ten, decem try, experior, -TrI, expertus sum
terrify, ten'eo, -ere, -uI, -itum turn, verto, -ere, -T, versum
territory, fines, -ium, 111. pl. twenty, vIgintI
than, quam; or shnple obI. two, duo, duae, duo
thank, gratias ago, -ere, egT, actum + da/. type, genus, -neris, n.
that (demonslralive), iIlc, illa, iliud; is, ea, id; tyrant, tyrannus, -I, 111.
that (of yours), iste, ista, istud
that G";ubord. not expressed in ind. slale.,· ut u
(purp. and result); ne (fear)
that ... not, ne (purp.), ut ... non (result); ut unable (be) non possum
(fear) uncertain, incertus, -a, -UI11
that (/'e/. pron.), qU1, quae, quod under, sub + abl. (= place Ivhere),
their, suus, -a, -um (reflexive); eorum, earum (not + ace. (= place 10 Ivhich)
reflexive) understand, intcllego, -lexI, -lectum;
them. See he, she, it. comprehenclo, -ere, -I, -hensum
then, tum, deinde unfortunate, miser, -era, -erum
there, ibi unless, nisi
therefore, igitur (po:.;tposi/ive) unwilling (be), nolo, nolie, 1161uI
these. See this, demonstrative. urban, urbane, urbanus, -a, -um
they. See he, she, it; (dicl1 expressed simply by the urge, hortor, -arI, -atlls sum
personal emUng use, (Hor, -I, ilsus sum + abl.
thing, res, rei, f; the neul. of an (uu.
think, puto (l); arbitror, -arI, -atus Sllm v
third, tertius, -a, -llm
this, hie, haec, hoc; is, ea, icl verse, versus, -fIs, 111.
those. See that, demons/maw. very, express this by rhe super!. degree or
thousand, mIlle (indecl. m(j. sg.), mIlia, -iflln, n. adl'.
(110U/1 in pl.) vice, vitium, -iI, 11.
 English-Latin Vocabulary 469

Virgil, Vcrgilius, -iI, 111. willing (be), vola, velie, voluI

virtue, virtfls, -tutis,f windm\', fenestra, -ae,l
wine, vinulTI, -I, n.
w wisdom, sapientia, -ae,l
wise, sapiens, gcn. sapientis
wage, gero, -ere, gcssI, gestLl111 wisely, sapienter
walls, l11oenia, -iU111, n. pl. wish, cupio, -ere, -lvI, -Hum; volO, velie, volul
want, vola, velle, volu! with, cum + ([bl.; ([hi. means (no prep.)
war, bellum, -I, n. without, sine + abl.
warn, monco, -ere, -lII, -itul11 woman, £'emina, -ae,l; (diell ci.pressed byfem. qj'
water, aqua, -ae, f an a(U.
\vc. Sec I; (d/en expressed hy the personal word, verbum, -I, n.
ending work, labor, -boris, m.; opus, opens, n.
wealth, dlvitiae, -arum,.f pI. world, mundus, -I, m.
weapons, arma, -Drum, n. pl. worse, pelOr, -JUs
well, bene worst, pcssimus, -a, -um
what (pron.), quid; ((1((/), quI, quae, quod write, scrIbo, -ere, scripsI, scrIptum
whatever, quisquis, quidquid writer, scriptor, -toris, I'll.
when, parliCljJia/ phrase; ab!. abs.; cum +
(interrogative), quando; (rei.), ubi y
\"hence, unde, adv.
where, ubi year, annus, -I, m.
wherefore, quare yesterday, herl
which (rei. prol1. and interrogative ({((n, quI, quae, yield, cedo, -ere, cessI, cessum
quod you, tH, tuI; (dten expressed by the personal
while, dum cJ1(Hng q/IJh,
who (re/.), quT, quae, quod; (interrogative), quis, young man, adulescens, -centis, 111.
quid your (sg), hIUS, -a, -um; (pl.), vester, -tnl, -trUl11
whole, t6tus, -a, -um yourself (reflexive), tUI, tibi, etc.; (intensive), ipse,
why, ClIr Ipsa
wicked, malus, -a, -um youth, iuvenis, -is, 111.
wife, uxor, uxoris, l
 Latin-English Vocabulary

An Arabic numeral after a vocabulary entry indicates the chapter in

which the word is first introduced as an item of required vocabulary. Arabic
(I) in parentheses after a verb shows that this is a regular verb of the first
conjugation with a sequence of principal parts ending in -are, -avi, -atum.
For prefixes and sumxes see the lists in the Appendix.

acquil'o, -quisivi, acquire, gain

ad)!., keenly, fiercely. 32
A
ad, prep. + acc., to, up to, ncar to. 8
a or ab, prep. + (fbl.! from, away from; addiseo, -ere, -didici, learn in addition
by (agent). 14 addiieo, -diixi, -duetllm, lead to, induce
abeo, -ire, -ii, -itum, go away, depart, leave. 37 adeo, -ire, -ii, -itum, go to, approach. 37
absconditus, -a, -urn, hidden, secret adfero, -ferre, attllli, aIHitum, bring to. 31
absens, gel1. -sentis, a{t}., absent, away. 37 adfieiO, -ere, -feci, -fectum, affect, amict, weaken
absum, -esse, iifui, iifutiinlln, be away, be absent adicio, -ere, -ieetum, add
abundantia, -ae,l, abundance adiuvo, -are, -iiivi, -Hitum, help, aid, assist;
ac. See atque. please. 4
-ere, -cessi, -cessum, come near, admil'or, -nri, -atus SUII1, wonder at, admire
approach. 36 admitto, -ere, -misi, -missum, admit, receive,
accipiO, -erc, -ceJli, -ceptum, take, receive, let in. 17
accept. 24 admoneo = moneo
accommodo (1), adjust, adapt adnuo, -nul, nod assent
acciisatol', -toris, m., accuser adoptii (I), wish for oneself, select. aclopt
aecuso (1), accuse adsllm, -esse, -fui, -futurum, be ncar, be present,
acer, acris, acre, sharp, keen, eager, severe, assist
fierce. 16 adiilntio, -onis,/, fawning, flattery
acerbiHis, -Hitis,l, harshness aduIescens, -centis, 11'1. ({nel/, young man or
acerbus, -a, harsh, bitter, grievous. 12 woman. 12
Achilles, -is, m., Achilles, Greek hero, chief aduIescentia, -ae,/, youth, young manhood;
character in the IUad youthfulness. 5
acies, sharp edge, keenness, line of battle adultus, -a, -11m, grown up, mature, adult

470
 Latin-English Vocabulary 471

adoro, -ere, -ussi, -usturn, set fire to, burn, singe amicus, -a, -um, friendly. II
adveniO, -ire, -veni, -ventllll1, come (to), arrive amicus, -I, 111., (male) friend. 3
adversus, -a, -um, facing, opposite, adverse. 34 amitto, -ere, -misi, -missum, lose, let go. 12
adversus, prep. + ace., toward, facing; against amo (1), love, like; am abo te, please. 1
advesperascit, advesperascere, advespera\'it, amo.., amoris, 111., love. 7
impel's., evening is coming on, it is growing amoveo, -ere, -movi, -rnotum, move away, remove
dark an, adj!. and con). introducing the second part ofa
aedificiurn, -ii, 11., building, structure. 39 double question utrum), or; used alone, or,
aegre, adv., with difficulty, hardly, scarcely can it be that
aequitas, -tatis,l, justice, fairness, equity 3ncilla, -ae,l, maidservant
ae(IIIIIS, -a, -lIm, level, even, calm, equal, just, angelus, -I, m., angel
favorable. 22 angulus, -I, 111., corner
aes, aeris, J1., bronze. 40 angustus, -a, -um, narrow, limited
aestas, -tatis,l, summer. 35 anima, -ne,l, soul, spirit. 34
acstlls, -us, m., heat, tide animal, -malis, n., a living creature, animal. 14
aetas, -Hitis,l, period of life, life, age, an age, animus, -I, 11'1., soul, spirit, mind; animi, -orum,
time. 16 high spirits, pride, courage. 5
aeternus, -a, -um, eternal annus, -I, m., year. 12
Agamemnon, -nonis, m., Agamemnon, ante, prep. + acc, before (in place or lime), in
commander-in-chief of the Greek forces at l')'oy front of; adv., before, previously. 13
ager, agri, m., field, farm. 3 !lntea, adv., before, formerly
ago, -ere, egi, actum, drive, lead, do, act; of time antepono, -ere, -posoi, -positum, put before, prefer
or l{fC, pass, spend; + dat. 35
griitias agere + dat., thank. 8 ant'iquus, -a, -um, ancient, old-time. 2
agricola, -ae, m., farmer. 3 Apollo, -linis, m., Phoebus Apollo, god of sun,
agricultura, -ae,l, agriculture prophecy, poetry, etc.
ait, aiunt, he says, they say, assert. 25 apparatus, -os, 111., equipment, splendor
Alexander, -dri, m., Alexander the Great, .ppellii (1), speak to, address (as), call, name. 14
renowned Macedonian general and king, .pprobii (1), approve
4th cen., H.C. appropinquo (I) + dal., approach, draw ncar to
alienus, -a, -um, belonging to another (cp. alius), alltns, -a, -um, fit, suitable
foreign, strange, alien apud, prep. + ace., among, in the presence of, at
alioqui, adE, otherwise the house of. 31
aliqui, aliqua, aliquod, indef: pronominal ({((i, aqua, -ae, I, water. 14
some ara, -ae,l, altar
aliquis, aliquid (gen. alicuius; dat. alicui), indel ariinea, -ae,j.", spider's web
pron., someone, somebody, something. 23 arbitror, -ari, -atus sum, judge, think. 34
aliter, a(h, otherwise arbor, -boris,l, tree. 38
alius, alia, aliud, other, another; arClIS, -us, m., bow
alii ... alii, some ... others. 9 argentum, -I, n., silver, money
alO, -ere, alui, altum, nourish, support, sustain, argfimentum, -I, n., proof, evidence, argument. 19
increase; cherish. 13 anna, -orum, n., arms, weapons. 28
niter, -era, -erum, the other (of two), second. 9 al'o (I), plow
altus, -a, -urn, high, deep aI'S, artis,l, art, skill. 14
ambitifi, -finis,j', a canvassing for votes; ambition; arx, arcis,I, citadel, stronghold. 23
flattery as, assis, m., an as (a small copper coin roughly
ambulO (I), walk. 39 equivalent to a cent). 31
amen, adv. j/'om Hehrcw, truly, verily, so be it Asia, -ae,l, Asia, commonly the Roman province
amica, -ac,l, (female) friend. 3 in Asia Minor. 12
amicitia, -ae,l, friendship. 10 asper, -era, -erum, rough, harsh. 21
amiculum, -I, 1'1., cloak aspicio, -cre, -spexi, -spectum, look at, behold
472 Wheelock's Latin

assentator, -toris, 111., yes-man, flatterer bonus, -a, -UIll, good, kind. 4 (comp. melior; superl.
astrum, -I, 11., star, constellation oplimlls. 27)
at, COI?j., but; but, mind you; but, you say; a more bos, bovis, m.U:, bull, ox, cow
emotional adversative than sed. 19 brevis, -e, short, small, brief. 16
ateI', Mra, atrum, dark, gloomy brevitas, -tatis,f, shortness, brevity
Athenae, -arum,/ pl., Athens. 37 breviter, at/v., briefly
Athcnicnsis, -e, Athenian; AthcniCnscs, -ium, the Britannia, -ae,/, Britain
Athenians Bnmdisilllll, -ii, 11., important seaport in S. Italy
atquc or ac, c()}'(j., and, and also, and even. 21 Brutus, -i, m., famous Roman name: L. Junius
atqui, and yet, still Brutus, who helped establish the Roman
auctor, -toris, m., increaser; a lIthor, originator. 19 republic; M, Junius Brutus, one of the
auctoritas, -tatis,/, authority conspirators against Julius Caesar
audacia, -ae,l, daring, boldness, audacity
audax, gell. audacis, daring, bold C
audeo, -ere, ausus sum, dare. 7
audiO, -ire, -ivi, -itum, hear, listen to. to c., abbreviation for the common name Gaius
auditor, -toris, 111., hearer, listener, member of an cado, -ere, cecidI, casurum, fall. 12
audience. 16 caecus, -a, -um, blind. 17
-ferrc, abstuli, abliitum, bear away, carry caelestis, -e, heavenly, celestial
off caeium, -i, 11., sky, heaven. 5
Augustus, -I, m., Augustus, the first Roman Caesar, -saris, 11'1., especially Gaius Julius
emperor Caesar. 12
aureus, -a, -um, golden calamitas, -tatis,I, misfortune, disaster
am'is, -is,l, ear. 14 calculus, -i, "1'1., pebble
aurum, -I, 11., gold campana, -ae,I, bell (late Lat.)
aut, or; aut ... Hut, either ... or. 17 candidus, -a, -um, shining, bright, white; beautiful.
autem, postpositive however; moreover. 11 33
auxilium, -ii, 11., aid, help. 31 cHnis, -is (gen. pl. canum), m.U:, dog
avaritia, -ae,l, greed, avarice cano, -ere, cecini, cantul11, to sing about
avarus, -a, -um, greedy, avaricious. 3 cantO (1), sing
aveho, -ere, -vexi, -vectum, carry away capillus, -i, 111., hair head or beard)
iiverto, -ere, -verti, -vcrSUIll, turn away, avert. 23 calliO, -ere, Celli, calltulll, take, capture, seize,
iivoco (I), call away, divert get. 10
caplo (1), grab, seek to get, hunt for (legacies,
B etc.)
caput, -pitis, n., head; leader; beginning; life;
balbus, -a, -um, stammering, stuttering heading, chapter. 11
barba, -ae,/, beard carbo, -bonis, 111., coal, charcoal
basium, -ii, n., kiss. 4 carco, -ere, -ui, -iturum + obI. of separation, be
beatus, -a, -mn, happy, fortunate, blessed. 10 without, be deprived of, want, lack, be free
bellicus, -a, -Ulll, relating to war, military from. 20
bellum, -i, n., war. 4 diritas, -tatis,/, dearness, affection
bellus, -a, -UIll, pretty, handsome, charming. 4 carmen, -minis, 11., song, poem. 7
bene, at/v. q/bonus, well, satisfactorily, quite. 11 cm'po, -ere, carpsi, carptum, harvest, pluck;
(comp. melius; slIper!. 32) seize. 36
beneficium, -ii, 11., benefit, kindness, favor. 19 Carthago, -girlis,I, Carthage (city in N. Africa).
bcnevolenthl, -ae,l, good will, kindness 24
bestia, -ac,/, animal, beast cal'Us, -a, -mn, dear. 11
bibo, -ere, bibi, drink. 30 casa, -ae, f, house, cottage, hut. 21
bis, adv., twice casus, -us, "1'1., accident, chance
 Vocabulary 473

catena, -ae,/, chain collum, -I, n., neck

Catilioa, -ae, 111., L. Sergius Catiline, leader of colO, -ere, colui, cultnm, cultivate; cherish
the conspiracy against the Roman state in color, -oris, m., color
63 B.C. commemoro (1), remind, relate, mention
Catullus, -I, m., Gaius Valerius Catullus, 1st cen. commisceo, -ere, -ui, -mixtum, intermingle, join
H.C. lyric poet conunitto, -ere, -misi, -missum, entrust, commit. 15
cattus, -I, m., cat (late lvordfof classical !eies, -is) communis, -e, common, general, of/for the
causa, -ae,/, cause, reason; case, situation; causa community. 20
l!'ith (/ preceding gen., for the sake of, on comparo (1), compare
account o[ 21 compono, -ere, -posui, -positum, put together,
caveo, -ere, cavi, cautum, beware, avoid compose
cavus, -i, m., hole comprehendo, -ere, -hendi, -hcnsum, grasp, seize,
cedo, -ere, cessi, cessum, go, withdraw; yield to, arrest; comprehend, understand. 30
submit, grant. 28 concedo, -ere, -cessi, -cessum, yield, grant, concede
celer, -eris, -ere, swift, quick, rapid. 16 concilium, -ii, 11., council
celeritas, -tatis,/, speed, swiftness condo, -ere, -didi, -ditmn, put together or into,
celeriter, swiftly, quickly store; build, found, establish. 29
cena, -ae,/, dinner. 26 confcro, -ferre, contuli, colHitum, bring together,
ceno (I), dine. 5 compare; se conferre, betake oneself, go. 31
centum, indeel. adj., a hundred. 15 confido, -ere, -fisus sum, have confidence in,
cerno, -ere, crevi, crctum, distinguish, discern, believe confidently, be confident
perceive. 22 confiteor, -ed, -fessus sum, confess
cerN';, ([(IE, certainly congrego (I), gather together, assemble
certus, -a, -um, definite, sure, certain, reliable. 19 conicio, -ere, -ied, -iectum, throw, hurl, put with
cenus, -I, 111., stag, deer force; put together, conjecture
cetcri, -ae, -a, the remaining, the rest, the coniUratiO, -onis,/, conspiracy
other. 30 coniurati, -orum, m. pl., conspirators. 20
Cicero, -ronis, 111., Marcus TulIius Cicero. 8 conor, -ari, -atus sum, try, attempt. 34
cicfita, -ae,/, hemlock (poison) cOllscientia, -ae,/, consciousness, knowledge;
cinis, -neds, m., ashes conSClcnce
circenses, -iUOl, m. pl. liidi), games in the conscins, -a, -UIll, conscious, aware of
Circus conseryo (1), preserve, conserve, maintain.
cito, (ldv., quickly. 17 consilium, -ii, 17., counsel, advice, plan, purpose;
civilis, -c, civil, civic judgment, wisdom. 4
civis, -is, m.(t, citizen. 14 consisto, -ere, -stiti + in, depend on
civitas, -tatis,/, stHte, citizenship. 7 const'o, -are, -stiti, -st'aturum + ex, consist of
darus, -a, -urn, clear, bright; renowned, famous, consllesco, -ere, -suevi, -suetum, become
illustrious. 18 accustomed
claudo, -ere, clausi, clausum, shut, close consul, -sulis, m., consul. 11
clementia, -ae,l, mildness, gentleness, mercy. 16 consulO, -ere, -sului, -sultum, look out have
cocpi, coepissc, coeptum ({Iefective vb.; pres. system regard for
supplied by incipiO), began. 17 consul tum, -I, n., decree
coerceo, -ere, -ui, -itum, curb, check, repress cOllsumo, -ere, -sumpsi, -siimptum, use up,
cogito (1), think, ponder, consider, plan. 1 consume. 30
cognfisco, -ere, .. novi, ollitUIll, become acquainted contemno, -cre! -tempsi, -tCIIlJltUIll, despise, scorn.
with, learn, recognize; in pell tenses, know. 30 36
eogo, -ere, coegi, coactum, drive or bring together, cOIlt'endo, -ere, -tendi, -t'entum, strive, struggle,
force, compel. 36 contend, hasten. 29
colligo, -ere, -Iegi, -lCctum, gather together, collect contineo, -ere, -tinui -tel1tum, hold together, keep,
j

colloeo (1), place, put, arrange enclose, restrain, contain. 21

474 Wheelock's latin

contingo, -ere, -tigi -tactum touch closely, befall,

j j curro, -ere, cucurri, run, rush, move
fall to one's lot quickly. 14
contra, prep. -+. acc., against. 19 cursus, -us, m., running, race; course. 28
contulldo, -tundcre, -tudi, -tiisum beat, crush,
j curvus, -a, -11111, curved, crooked, wrong
bruise, destroy. 36 custodia, protection, custocly;pl., guards. 32
con turbo (1), throw intn confusinn custOs, -todis, m., guardian, guard
convcrto, -cre, -verti, -VCl'sum, turn around, cause
tn turn D
convoco (1), call together, convene
copia, -ae,j.", abundance, supply; copiac, -arum, damno (1), condemn
supplies, troops, forces. 8 Diimocics, -is, 111., Damocles, an attendant of
copiOse, adv., fully, at length, copiollsly Dionysius
Corinthus, -i,/, Corinth de, prep. + abl., down from, from; concerning,
cornu, -us, n., horn. 20 about. 3
corona, -ae,/, crown dca, -ae,j." ({Iaf. and (fbi. pl. deabus), goddess. 6
corpus, -poris, 11., body. 7 deben, -ere, -tli, owe, ought, must. I
corfigo, -ere, -rexi, -rectum, make right, correct debilito (1), weaken
corroboro (1), strengthen decerno, -ere, -crevi, -crctum, decide, settle, decree.
corrumpo, -ere, -rupi, -mptum, ruin, corrupt 36
cotidiC, adv., daily, every day. 36 deeerto (I), fight it out, fight to the finish, contend
eras, adJ'. , tomorrow. 5 dccimus, -a, -urn, tenth. 15
creator, -toris, 111., creator decipiO, -ere, -celli, -ceptum, deceive
creatura, -ae,/, creature (fafe Laf.) decor, -coris, m., beauty, grace
crebcr, -bra, -brum, thick, frequent, numerous decretum, -I, 1"1., decree
credo, -ere, credidi, creditmn, believe, trust. 25; + dedieo (1), dedicate. 28
dat. 35 defendo, -ere, -fendi, -Icllsum, ward off, defend,
ereo (I), create, 12 protect. 20
cresco, -ere, crevi, cretum, increase. 34 dcficio, -ere, -feci, -fectum, fail
criidelis, -e, cruel degusto (1), taste
crustulurn, -I, 11., pastry, cookie dehinc, ad)!., then, next. 25
cubiculmn, -I, n., bedroom, room deinde, adv., thereupon, next, then. 18
culpa, -ae,I, fault, blame. 5 delectatiO, -onis,j.", delight, pleasure,
culllO (I), blame, censure. 5 enjoyment. 27
cultura, -ae,/, cultivation deleeto (1), delight, charm, please, 19
cum, with when, since, although; deleo, -ere, delCvi, deletum, destroy, wipe out,
lvifh incl., when. 31 erase. 17
cum,prep. + abl., with. 10 delibcrii (I), consider, deliberate
cunctatiO, -onis,/, delay demens, gen. -mentis, (lcU., out of one's mind,
ciillctator, -toris, 111., delayer insane, foolish
eiinetor (1), delay demittn, -ere, -misi, -rnissum, let down, lower
cupiditas, -tiitis,I, desire, longing, passion; demonstro (1), point out, show, demonstrate. 8
cupidity, avarice. 10 Demosthenes, -is, m., Demosthenes, the most
cupido, -dinis,j.", desire, passion. 36 famous Greek orator, 4th een. n.c.
cu})idus, -H, desirous, eager, fond; + deni'llle, adl'., at last, finally. 29
gen, , desirous of, eager for. 39 dens, den tis, 111., tooth
cupiO, -erc, CUllivi, cupitum, desire, wish, long dellono, -ere, -posui, -})OSituIll, put down, lay aside
tor. 17 deporto (I), carry oil
cur, (fdv., why. 18 desidero (I), desire, long for, miss. 17
cUfa, care, attention, caution, anxiety. 4 desidiOsus, -a, -lim, lazy
curo (1), care for, attend to; heal, cure; take desino, -ere, -sivi, -situl1l, cease, leave 01T. 34
care. 36 desipiO, -ere, act foolishly
 Latin-English Vocabu/,lrY 475

destinatus, -n, -urn, resolved, resolute, firm domns, -us (-i),.f, house, home; domi, at home;
detrimentum, -I, 1'1., loss, detriment domum, (to) home; domo, from home. 37
delis, -I, m. (voc. sg. deus, n0111. pl. dei or di, da/. donum, -I, n., gift, present. 4
and ab!. pl. dis), god. 6 donuiO, -ire, -ivi, -itum, sleep. 3 I
devoco (1), call down or away dubito (I), doubt, hesitate. 30
dexter, -tra, -trum, right, right-hand. 20 dubium, -ii, n., doubt
diabolus, -I, m., devil duco, -ere, duxi, ductum, lead; consider, regard;
dico, -crc, dixi, dictum, say, tell, speak; call, prolong. 8
name. 10 dulcis, -e, sweet, pleasant, agreeable. 16
dictiita, -orum, n. pl., things dictated, lessons, dum, while, as long as; at the same time
precepts that; until. 8
dictator, -toris, m., dictator dummodo, with provided that, so long
dicto (1), say repeatedly, dictate as. 32
dies, -ei, m., day. 22 duo, duae, duo, two. 15
difficilis, -e, hard, difIicult, troublesome. 16 duro (1), harden, last, endure
digitus, -I, 111., finger, toe. 31 durus, -a, -urn, hard, harsh, rough, stern,
dignitas, -tatis,j.', merit, prestige, dignity. 38 unfeeling, hardy, tough, difficult. 29
dignus, -a, -urn + aM, worthy, worthy of 29 dux, ducis, m., leader, guide, commander,
diligens, gen. -gentis, adj., diligent, careful. 27 general. 23
diligenter, adl'., diligently
diligentia, -ae,l, diligence E
diligo, -ere, dilexi, dilectum, esteem, love. 13
dimidium, -ii, 11., half e. See ex.
dimitto, -ere, -misi, -missmll, send away, dismiss ecclesia, -ae,}.', church (ecclesiastical Lat.)
Dionysius, -iI, 111., Dionysius, tyrant of Syracuse educil (1), bring up, educate. 23
discedo, -ere, -cessI, -cessum, go away, depart. 20 ediico, -ere, -duxi, -ductum, lead out
discipnla, -ae,j.', and discipnlns, -I, m., learner, efl'ero, -ferre, extuli, el3tum, carry out; bury; lift
pupil, disciple. 6 up, exalt
disco, -ere, didici, learn. 8 efficio, -ere, -led, -fectum, accomplish, perform,
disputatiO, -onis,.f, discussion bring about, cause
disputil (I), discuss effugiO, -ere, -fiigi, -fugiturulU, flee from, flee away,
dissimilis, -e, unlike, different. 27 escape
dissimulO (1), conceal egco, -ere, egui + abl. or gen., need, lack, want. 28
distinguo, -ere, -stinxi, -stinctum, distinguish ego, mei, I. 11
diu, adv., long, for a long time. 12 egredior, -I, -gressus sum, go out, depart. 34
dIves, gen. divitis or ditis, adj., rich. 32 eicio, -ere, -ied, -iectulll, throw out, drive out. 15
divIIlUS, -a, -um, divine, sacred elemcntulll, -I, 11., element, first principle
divitiae, -arum,.f pl., riches, wealth. 13 eiephantus, -i, 1'11., elephant. 31
do, dare, dedI, datum, give, offer. 1 eloquens, gen. -quell tis, (uU, eloquent
doceo, -ere, -tli, doctUIll, teach. 8 eloquelltia, -ae,}.', eloquence
doctrina, -ae,.f, teaching, instruction, learning emendo (1), correct, emend
doctus, -a, -urn, taught, learned, skilled. 13 emo, -ere, emi, emptum, buy
doleo, -ere, -ui, -iturum, grieve, suffer; hurt, give emoveo, -ere, -movi, -motum, move away, remove
pain. 31 enim, postpositil'C cOJ'!j., for, in fact, truly. 9
dolor, -lOris, m., pain, grief: 38 Ennius, -ii, 11'1., Quintus Ennius, carly Roman
domesticus, -a, -um, domestic; civil writer
domina, -ae,.f, mistress, lady. 40 ellumero (1), count up, enumerate
dominatus, -us, 11'1., rule, mastery, tyranny eo, ire, ii (or ivi), itum, go. 37
dominicus, -a, -um, belonging to a master; the epigramma, -matis, n., inscription, epigram
Lord's epistula, -ae,/, letter, epistle
dominus, -I, m., master, lord. 40 eques, equitis, 1'11., horseman
476 Wheelock's Latin

equidem, adv. especially commO/1 \pith 1st ]Jas., extorqueo, -ere, -torsi, -tortmn, twist away, extort
indeed, truly, for my part extra, prep. + (JCC., beyond, outside
equitatus, -us, m., cavalry extremus, -a, -Ulll, outermost, last, extreme
equus, -I, m., horse. 23
erga, prep. + act., toward. 38 F
ergo, adl'., therefore
eripiO, -ere, -ripui, -relltum, snatch away, take Fabius, -ii, 111., Roman name; especially Quintus
away, rcscue. 22 Fabius Maximus Cunctator (the Delayer),
erro (1), wander; err, go astray, make a mistake, celebrated for his delaying tactics (Fabian
be mistaken. 1 tactics) against Hannibal
error, -roris, 11'1., a going astray, error, mistake fabula, -ae,/, story, tale; play. 24
et, COf(/, and; even (= eHam); et ... et, both .. facile, adv., easily. 32
and. 2 facilis, -e, easy; agreeable, alTablc. 16
etiam, adv., even, also. 11 facio, -ere, feci, factum, make, cio, accomplish, 10;
etsi, even if (ct-si), although. 38 possil'c: fio, fieri, factus sum. 36
evcniO, -ire, -veni, -ventum, come out, turn out, factum, -i, II., deed, act, achievement. 13
happen raeuiHis, -taHs,/, ability, skill, opportunity, means
evcntus, -us, 11'1., outcome, result falsus, -a, -um, false, decept ive
ex or e, prep + aM, out of, from within, from; by fama, -ae,f, rumor, report; fame, reputation. 2
reason on account of; jhlloH'ing cardinal familia, -ae,l, household, family. 19
1111merah of. Ex can be used /ud()re COllsonants fas (indec/.), 11., right, sacred duty; fas est, it is
or 1'00Ve/S; e, /)(fhre consonants only. 8 right, fitting, lawful
excellentia, -ac,/, excellence, merit fateor, -erI, fasslIs sum, confess, admit. 34
exeipio, -ere, -CellI, -ceptum, takc out, except; take, fntigo (1), weary, tire out. 40
receive, capture. 24 fatum, -I, n., fate; death; q//etl pl., the Fates. 29
excBimo (1), cry out, call out fauces, -ium, / pl., jaws; narrow passage.
exeliido, -ere, -elusi, -clusum, shut out, exclude telieiter, adv., happily. 32
excrueio (1), torture, torment telix, gel1. -lieis, (u(j., lucky, fortunate, happy. 22
cxcusatio, -onis,/, excuse temina, -ac, /' woman. 3
exemplar, -plfiris, n., model, pattern, original. 14 fenestra, -ae,/, window. 21
exemplum, -i, 11., example, model fere, adl'., almost, nearly, generally
exeo, -ire, -ii, -itum, go out, exit. 37 fero, ferre, tull, tatum, bear, carry, bring; sutTer,
exereitus, -us, 11'1., army. 32 endure, tolerate; say, report. 31
exigo, -igere, -egi, -actum (ex + ag(5), drive out, ferox, gen. -roeis, fierce, savage. 25
force out, extract, drive through, complete, ferrum, -i, 1/., iron, sword. 22
perfect. 36 ferus, -a, -um, wild, uncivilized, fierce
cximius, -a, -Ulll, extraordinary, excellent festinatio, -onis,/, haste
exitium, -ii, 1'1., destruction, ruin. 4 restino (I), hasten, hurry
expello, -ere, -puli, -lluisUIll, drive out, expel, ficus, -i and -iis,/, fig tree
banish. 24 fi<ielis, -e, faithrul, loyal. 25
eXllerior, -iri, -pertus sum, try, test; experience. 39 fides, -ei,/, faith, trust, trustworthiness, fidelity;
eXI)leo, -ere, -pIevi, -pJetum, fill, fill up, promise, guarantee, protection. 22
complete. 28 filia, -ae,/ (dot. ({nd abl. pI. tiliabus), daughter. 3
explico (1), unfold; explain; spread out, deploy. 40 filius, -ii, 111., SOIL 3
expono, -ere, -pOSUI, -positum, set forth, explain, finis, nt, encl, limit, boundary; purpose; fines,
expose. 30 -hun (boundaries) territory. 21
exquisitus, -H, -lim, sought-out, exquisite, excellent fio, fieri, factus sum, occur, happen; become, be
exsiliulU, -ii, n., exile, banishment. 31 made, be done. 36
exsJ1ecto (1), look for, expect, await. 15 tinnus, -a, -um, f1rm, strong; reliable. 38
cxstinguo, -ere, -stinxI, -stinctum, extinguish finmmn, -ae,l, name, fire
externus, -a, -UI11, foreign fieo, -ere, fievi, ftetum, weep
 Vocabulary 477

flfictus, -us, m., billow, wave glOria, -ae,/, glory, fame. 5

flfnucn, -minis, 11., river. 18 gracilis, -e, slender, thin. 27
Huo, -crc, fluxi, ftuxum, How. 18 Graccia, -ae,}.', Greece. 19
for, fari, nuus sum, speak (prophetically), talk, Graeclls, -a, -um, Greek; Graecus, -I, m., a Greek. 6
foretell. 40 gratia, -ae,/, gratitude, favor; gratias agere +
foris, adl'., out of doors, outside. 37 da!., to thank. 8
torma, -ae,/, form, shape, beauty. 2 gratus, -a, -lIIn, pleasing, agreeable; grateful. 37
formIca, -ae,/, ant gravis, -c, heavy, weighty; serious, important;
t()rmo (1), form, shape, fashion severe, grievous. 19
fors, fortis,/, chance, fortune gravitas, -tatis,/, weight, seriousness, importance,
forsan, adl'., perhaps dignity
fortassc, mil,., perhaps. 36 graviter, (/(11>., heavily, seriously
t()l"tis, -c, strong, brave. 16 gusto (I), taste
fortiter, adl'., bravely. 32
fortUna, -ae,/, fortune, luck. 2
fort-unate, ur/v., fortunately
fortUnaius, -a, -um, lucky, fortunate, happy. 13 habeo, -ere, -ui, -itum, have, hold, possess;
forum, -I, n., market place, forum. 26 consider, regard. 3
t(weo, -ere, fOvi, tOtum, comfort, nurture, support. hanms, -I, 1'11., hook
35 Hannibal, -balis, 111., Hannibal, celebrated
frater, -tris, 111., brother. 8 Carthaginian general in the 2nd Punic War,
frons, frontis,/, forehead, brow, front 218201 B.C.
frfictus, -fis, In., fruit; profit, benefit, enjoyment. 20 hasta, -ae, /, spear. 23
frugalitas, -tatis,/, frugality haud, adl!., not, not at all (stJ'Ong negative)
frfistra, (/(11'., in vain heri, ({dl'., yesterday. 5
fuga, -ae,/, flight heu, infl!l:iection, ah!, alas! (a sound or
fugio, -crc, fiigi, fugitiirum, flee, hurry away; pain). 33
escape; go into exile; avoid, shun. 10 hie, haec, hoc, demons/rali)!e ({{(j. and pron., this,
fugit-ivlls, -i, 111., fugitive, deserter, runaway slave the latter; at times weakened to he, she, it,
fugo (1), put to flight, rout they. 9
fulgeo, -ere, fnlsi, flash, shine hie, adl'., here. 25
furor, -roris, IJ'I., rage, frenzy, madness hine, (fe/v., from this place, hence
ffil'tifieus, -a, -tim, thievish hodie, {Ie/v., today. 3
ffirtim, adv., stealthily, secretly. 30 Homerus, -i, m., Homer, the Greek epic poet
homo, hominis, 111., human being, man. 7
honor, -noris, m., honor, esteem; public otfice, 30
G
hora, -ae,/, hour, time. 10
Gaius, -ii, tn., Gaius, a common praenomen (first hOl'rendus, -a, -um, horrible, dreadful
name); usually abbreviated to C. in writing hortor, -ari, -atus sum, urge, encourage. 34
Gallus, -I, m., a Gaul. The Gauls were a Celtic hortus, -i, 111., garden
people who inhabited the district which we hospcs, -pitis, 1'11., stranger, guest; host
know as France. hostis, -is, 111., an enemy (of the state); hostes,
gaudeo, gaudcl'c, gavisus sum, be glad, rejoice. 23 -ium, the enemy. 18
gaudium, -ii, 11., joy, delight hui, inteli, sound or approbatiol1l1o/
gcminus -a -lIm twin. 25
j j j unlike 0111' "whee"
gens, gentis,/, clan, race, nation, people. 21 humanitiis, -t'atis,/, kindness, refinement
gcnu, genus, n.! knee. 20 hfimanus, -a, -um, pertaining to man, human;
genus, generis, 11., origin; kind, type, sort, class. 18 humane, kind; refined, cultivated. 4
gCI'O, -ere, gessi, gestum, carry; carryon, manage, humilis, -e, lowly, humble, 27
conduct, wage, accomplish, perform. 8 humus, -i,/, ground, earth; soil. 37
giadius, -ii, m., sword hypocrita, -ac, 111., hypocrite (ecclesiastical Lat.)
478 Wheelock's Latin

inanis, -e, empty, vain

incertus, -a, -urn, uncertain, unsure, doubtful
iaceo, -ere, -ui, lie; lie prostrate; lie dead. 25
incipiO, -ere, -cepi, -cel)tum, begin, commence. 17
iaciO, -ere, iCci, iachlm, throw, hurl. IS
inclUdo, -ere, -cliisi, -cliisum, shut in, inclose
iaculum, -i, 1'1., dart, javelin
incorruptus, -a, -um, uncorrupted, genuine, pure
iam, adv., now, already, soon. 19 incredibilis, -e, incredjble
ianua, -ae,/, door. 35
indico (1), indicate, expose, accuse
ibi, adv., there. 6
indignus, -a, -urn, unworthy
idem, eadem, idem, the same. 11
indiico, -ere, -diixi, -ductum, lead in, introduce,
identidem, adv., repeatedly, again and again
induce
idoneus, -a, -um, suitable, fit, appropriate. 37
industria, -ae,l, industry, diligence
igitur, postpositive conj., therefore, consequently. 5 illdustrius, -a, -urn, industrious, diligent
ignarus, -a, -um, not knowing, ignorant
ineo, -ire, -ii, -itum, go in, enter. 37
ignis, -is, m., fire. 22
ille}>tiO, -ire, play the fool, trifle
ignosco, -ere, -novi, -notum + dat., grant pardon
inexpugnabilis, -c, impregnable, unconquerable
to, forgive, overlook. 35
illfantia, -ae,l, infancy
iIlacrimo (l) + da!., weep over
inferi, -orum, m. pl., those below, the dead
ilIe, ilia, ilIud, demonstrative adj. and pron., that,
infero, -ferre, intuli, iIlatum, bring in, bring upon,
the former; the famous; at ames \vcakened 10
inflict
he, she, it, they. 9
intinitus, -a, -um, unlimited, infinite
iIIUdo, -ere, -liisi, -liisum, mock, ridicule
infirmlls, -a, -11m, not strong, weak, feeble. 38
imago, -ginis, m., image, likeness
inflammo (I), set on fire, inflame
imitor, -ari, -atus sum, imitate
inrormis, -e, formless, deformed, hideous
inunineo, -ere, overhang, threaten
infortiinatus, -a, -11m, unfortunate
immodicus, -a, -um, beyond measure, moderate,
ingenium, -ii, n., nature, innate talent. 29
excessive
ingens, gen. -gentis, a(tl, huge. 16
immortalis, -e, not subject to death, immortal. 19
ingratus, -a, -um, unpleasant, ungrateful
hnmMus, -a, -mn, unmoved; unchanged;
inicio, -ere, -ied, -iectum, throw on or into, put
unrelenting. 37
on; inspire
impedimentum, -I, 11., hindrance, impediment
inimicus, -I, m., (personal) enemy
imllediO, -ire, -ivi, -itum, impede, hinder, iniquus, -a, -lim, unequal, unfair, unjust
prevent. 38
initium, -ii, 11., beginning, commencement. 33
imllello, -ere, -}>uli, -}>ulsum, urge on, impel .
iniiiria, -ae,l, injustice, injury, wrong. 39
imllendeo, -ere, hang over, threaten, be iniiistus, -a, -urn, unjust. 10
imperator, -toris, m., general, coml1lander-ll1-c1uef,
iIlOI}S, gen. -opis, adj., poor, needy
emperor. 24
inquam. See inquit.
imperiOslls, -a, -um, powerful, domineering,
inquit, defective verb, he says, placed (dIe/' (!ne or
imperious
more words of a direct quotaaon; other forms:
imllerium, -ii, n., power to command, supreme
illquam, I say, inquis, you say. 22
power, authority, command, control. 24
insania, -ae,l, insanity, folly
iInl)CrO (l), give orders to, command + dot. + ut.
insciens, gen. -en tis, unknowing, unaware
35 inscribfi, -ere, -scripsi, -scriptum, inscribe, entitle
imp leo, -ere, impJevi, im}>IHum, fill up, complete
insidiae, -arum,l pl., ambush, plot, treachery. 6
imlll'imis, adv., especially, particularly
insons, gen. -sontis, guiltless, innocent
improvidlls, -a, -um, improvident .
instituo, -ere, -stitni, -stitfitUIll, establish, institute
imlmdens, gen. -dentis, adj., shameless, Impudent
insula, island. 23
implldellter, adv., shamelessly, impudently
insul'go, -ere, -surrexi, -surrectum, rise up
impiinitus, -a, -urn, unpunished, unrestrained,
integer, -gra, -grum, untouched, whole, unhurt
safe
intellego, -ere, -lexi, -Iectum, understand. 11
in, prep. + obi., in, on, 3; + ([CC., into, toward,
intempestivus, -a, -Ulll, untimely
against. 9
inter, prep. + acc., between, among. 15
 Latin-English Vocabulary 479

intcl'cipiO, -ere, -cepi, -celltUll1, intercept iUs, iiiris, 11., right, justice, law. 14; iUs iUrandum,
interdum, adv.) at times, sometimes ifiris Hirandi, n., oath
intcrea, adv., meanwhile iussii, defl'Clil'e nOlin, abl. sg. only, 111., at the
interficiO, -ere, -leci, -fectum, kill, murder. 37 command of
interl'Ogatio, -onis,/, interrogation, inquiry iiistus, -a, -urn, just, right. 40
intro (l), walk into, enter iuvenis, -is (gen. pI. iuyenmn), l11'(l, a youth, young
introdiico, -ere, -duxi, -ductum, lead in, introduce person
intus, adJ!. , within iuvo, -arc, iiiYi, iUtum, help, aid, assist; please, 4
invado, -ere, -vasi, -v3sum, enter on, move against,
assail L
invenio, -ire, -veni, -ventum, come upon, find. 10
inventor, -tOris, m., inventor tabor, -I, tapsus sum, slip, glide
invcstigo (l), track Qut, investigate labor, -boris, 111., labor, work, toil. 7
invict'Us, -a, -um, unconquered; unconquerable laboro (I), labor; be in distress. 21
invideo, -ere, -vidi, -visum, be envious; + dat., look labrum, -I, n., lip
at with envy, envy, be jealous of 31 lacesso, -ere, -ivi, -Hum, harass, attack
invidia, -ae,/, envy, jealousy, hatred. 31 lacrima, -ae,/, tear. 40
invisus, -a, -nlll, hated; hateful lacunal', -naris, n., paneled ceiling
inyitfi (1), entertain; invite, summon. 26 laetans, gen. -tantis, adj., rejoicing
invitus, -a, -um, unwilling, against one's will laetus, -a, -urn, happy, joyful
iocus, -I, m., joke, jest Latinus, -a, -urn, Latin. 22
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron., myself, yourself, laudatol', -toris, 111., praiser
himself, herself, itself, etc.; the very, the lando (I), praise. I
actual. 13 taus, laudis,./, praise, glory, fame. 8
ira, -ae,l, ire, anger. 2 lector, -toris, m" lectl'ix, -tricis,/, reader. 36
il'ascor, -I, iratus sum, be angry lectus, -I, m., bed
iratus, -a, -urn, angered, angry, 35 Jegatus, -i,m" ambassador, deputy
irrito (l), excite, exasperate, irritate IcgiO, -onis,/, legion
is, ea, id, demonstratiJle prall. and adj., this, that; lego, -ere, JegI, lectulll, pick out, choose; reacl. 18
personal jJrOl1., he, she, it. 11 iCnis, -e, smooth, gentle, kind
iste, ista, istud, demonstralive pro11. and adj., that lente, adv., slowly
of yours, that; such; sometimes lvith Lentulus, -I, 111., P. Cornelius Lentulus Sura, chief
confef'nptuollslorce. 9 conspirator under Catiline, left in charge of the
ita, adv. used with ({((js., l'bs., and advs., so, conspiracy when Catiline was forced to flee
thus. 29 from Rome
Halia, -ae,l, Italy. 15 Lesbia, -ae,l, Lesbia, the name which Catullus
itaque, a(iE, and so, therefore. IS gave to his sweetheart
iter, itineris, 11., journey; route, road. 37 levis, -e, light; easy, slight, trivial. 17
itero (I), repeat lex, legis,./, law, statute. 26
iterum, adv., again, a second time. 21 libellus, -I, n1., little book. 17
iubeo, -ere, iussi, iussnm, bid, command, 21 Hbenter, a(IE, with pleasure, gladly, 38
iiicunditas, -tatis, I, pleasure, charm libel', -era, -erum, free. 5
iiicundus, -a, -um, agreeable, pleasant, libel', -bri, m., book. 6
gratifying. 16 liberalis, -e, of, relating to a free person; worthy of
iudex, -dids, 111., judge, juror. 19 a free man, decent, liberal, generous, 39
iUdicium, -ii, n., judgment, decision, opinion; liheralitas, -tatis,./, generosity, liberality
trial. 19 liberator, -toris, m., liberator
ifidico (I), judge, consider lihel'c, adv., freely, 32
iungo, -ere, iUnxi, iUnctmH, join, 13 liberi, -orum, m. pl., (one's) children
Iuppitel', lovis, 171., Jupiter, Jove Ilbero (I), free, liberate. 19
ifil'o (1), swear libcrtas, -tatis,/, liberty, freedom, 8
480 Wheelock's L€l(;n

Iibo (1), pour a libation oC on; pour ritually; sip; malum, -I, n., evil, misfortune, hurt, injury. 30
tOllch gently. 39 malus, -a, -um, bad, wicked, evil. 4
lieet, lieere, licuit, impers. + dal. and inl, it is (comp. peior; superl. pessirnus. 27)
permitted, one may. 37 mandatum, -I, n., order, command, instruction
Iigo (I), bind, tie manco, -ere, mansi, mansum, remain, stay, abide,
limen, -minis, n., threshold. 26 continue. 5
lingua, -ac,/, tongue; language. 25 manus, -05,/, hand; handwriting; band, 20
tinteum, -I, n., linen, napkin Marcellus, -I, 111., Marcellus, Roman general who
liUera, -ae,/, a letter of the alphabet; litterae, captured Syracuse in 212 B.C.
-arum, a letter (epistle); literature. 7 Marcus, -I, m., Marcus, a common Roman first
mus, -toris, 11., shore, coast. 23 name, usually abbreviated to M. in writing
loco (I), place, put mare, -is, 11., sea. 14
10cupiHii (I), cnrich maritns, -I, m., husband
locus, -i, 111., place; passage in literature; pl., loca, mater, -tris, /' mother. 12
-orUln, 11., places, region; loci, -orum, m., materia, -ae,I, material, matter
passages in literature. 9 matrimonium, -ii, 11., marriage
longe, adv., far. 32 maxim us. See magnus.
longinquitas, -6itis, I, distance, remoteness medieus, -I, 111., medica, -ae,l, doctor, physician.
longus, -a, -UIU, long. 16 12
loquax, gen. -quacis, adj., talkative, loquacious mediocris, -e, ordinary, moderate, mediocre.
loquor, -I, loditus sum, say, speak, tell, talk. 34 31
lucrum, -i, 11., gain, profit meditor, -ari, -atus sum, renect upon, practice
IUdo, -ere, lusi, IUSUIll, play medius, -a, -mn, middle; used partitively, the
lUdus, -I, m., game, sport; school. 18 middle of. 22
lUna, -ae,l, moon. 28 mel, mellis, n., honey
IU(HlS, -I, m., wolf melior. See bonus.
lUx, IUcis,f, light. 26 memini, meminisse, defective, remember
luxuria, -ae,l, luxury, extravagance memor, gen. -moris, {/(!/, mindful
memoria, -ae, I, memory, recollection. 15
M mendosus, -a, -urn, full of faults, faulty
mens, mentis,/, mind, thought, intention. 16
Maecenas, -atis, m., Maecenas, unofficial "prime mensa, -ae,/, table; dining; dish, course; mensa
minister" of Augustus, and patron and friend secunda, dessert. 26
of Horace mensis, -is, 111., month
magis, adl'., more, rather merces, -cedis,I, pay, reward, recompense
magister, -tri, m., master, schoolmaster, teacher. 4 meridiiinns, -a, -um, of midday, noon; southern
magistra, -ae, I, mistress, schoolmistress. 4 merus, -a, -lim, pure, undiluted. 33
magnanimus, -a, -urn, great-hearted, brave, meta, -nc,l, turning point, goal, limit, boundary.
magnanimous. 23 40
magnol)erc, adv., greatly, exceedingly metllo, -ere, metuI, fear, dread; be afraid for +
(comp. magis; super/. maxime). 32 dar. 38
magnus, -a, -um, large, great; important. 2 metus, -lis, m., fear, dread, anxiety. 20
(C01J1p. maior; slIper/. maximus. 27); metis, -a, -UIIl (111. voc. mi), my. 2
maiOres, -lillI, 111. pl., ancestors. 27 miles, militis, m., soldier. 23
majestas, sHitis,/, greatness, dignity, majesty militaris -e, military
j

maior. See magnus. mille, indecl. ({{(j. in sg., thousand;

maiOres, -lUn, m. pl., ancestors. 27 milia, -ium, 1'1., pl. noun, thousands. 15
male, adJ!. , badly, ill, wrongly minimus. See parvus.
(comp. pcius; super/. pcssime). 32 minor. See llarvus.
malO, malle, malui, to want (something) more, minuo, -ere, mil1ui, minutum, lessen, diminish. 30
instead; prefer. 32 miriibilis, -e, amazing, wondrous, remarkable. 38
 Latin-English Vocabulary 481

miror, -ari, -atus sum, marvel at, admire, mfinus, -neris, 1'1., service, office, function, duty;
wonder. 35 gift
mirus, -a, -um, wonderful, surprising, mus, moris, m.U:, mouse
extraordinary Miisa, -ac,I, a Muse (one of the goddesses of
misceo, -ere, miscui, mixtum, mix, stir up, disturb. poetry, music, etc.)
18 miitatiO, -onis,j', change
miser, -era, -erum, wretched, miserable, mDto (1), change, alter; exchange. 14
unfortunate. 15
miserc, adv., wretchedly N
misericordia, -ae,/, pity, mercy
mitesco, -cre, become or grow mild nam, con)., for. 13
mitis, -e, mild, gentle; ripe narro (1), tell, narrate, report. 24
mitto, -ere, misi, missum, send, let go. II nascor, -I, natus sum, be born, spring forth, arise. 34
modo, adv., now, just now, only; modo ... modo, nasus, -I, 111., nose. 40
at one time ... at another nata, -ae,/, daughter. 29
modus, -I, m., measure, bound, limit· manner natiilis, -is (Sc. dies), m., birthday
method, mode, way. 22 ' , natiO, -onis,/, nation, people
moenia, -ium, n. pl., walls of a city. 29 natura, -ae,l, nature. 10
molcstus: -a, -11m, troublesome, disagreeable, mmta, -ae, m., sailor. 2
annoYll1g navigatio, -onis,.!, voyage, navigation
molior, -iri, molitus sum, work at, build, navigo (1), sail, navigate. 17
undertake, plan. 34 navis, -is,I, ship. 21
mollio, -ire, -ivi, -itum, soften; make calm or less ne, con). with that ... not, in order that ...
hostile. 29 not, in order not to, 28, 36; that, 40; adv. in ne
mollis, -e, soft, mild, weak ... quidem, not ... even. 29
moneo, -ere, -ui, -itum, remind, warn, advise, 1; -ne, enclitic added to the emphatic lVord at the
monen eum ut + 36 beginning afa question the answer to which may
monitiO, -onis,I, admonition, warning be either "yes" or "no." It call be used in both
mons, montis, m., mountain. 20 direct and indirect questions. 5
monstrum, -I, fl., portent; monster nec. See neque.
mOl1umentum, -i, n., monument. 40 nccessarius, -a, -urn, necessary
mora, -ac, I, delay. 4 necesse, incleel. ({((l, necessary, inevitable. 39
morbus, -I, m., disease, sickness. 9 Deco (1), murder, kill. 7
moriol', -I, mortuus sum, die. 34 nefas (indeel.), n., wrong, sin
mors, mortis,I, death, 14 neglego, -ere, -Iexi, -lCetum, neglect, disregard. 17
mortalis, -e, mortaL 18 nego (I), deny, say that ... not. 25
mortuus, -a, -11111, dead. 28 nema, (nullius), nemini, nelUinem, (nfillo, -a), m.l{,
1110S, moris, In., habit, custom, manner; no one, nobody. II .
mores, morllm, habits, morals, character. 7 nepos, -}lOtis, m., grandson, descendant. 27
movea, -ere, movi, motum, move; arouse, affect. 18 neque or nee, con)., and not, nor;
mox, adJl., soon. 30 neque ... neque, neither ... nor. 11
mulier, -eris,I, woman. 39 nescio, -ire, -ivi, -itum, not to know, be
multo (1), punish, fine ignorant. 25
mllitulll, adv., much neuter, -tra, -trum, not either, neither. 9
(comp. pIUs; superi. plUrimllm). 32 neve, and not, nor (used to continue ut or ne + subj.)
I1mltlls, -a, -urn, much, many, 2 nigel', -gra, -grum, black
(comp. plUs; SlijJCr/. pliirimus. 27) nihil (indec/.), 11 •• nothing. I, 4
mUlldus, -I, m., world, universe. 21 nihilum, -I, n., nothing
miinimentum, -i, n., fortification, protection nimis or nimium, adv., too, too much, excessively. 9
muniO, -ire, -ivi, -itum, fortify, defend; build (a nisi, if ... not, unless, except. 19
road) niveus, -a, -um, snowy, white
482 Wheelock's Latin

noceo, -ere, nocui, Ilocitum + da!, , do harm to, occupo (I), seize
harm, injure. 35 oculus, -I, 111., eye. 4
nOlo, nolle, nOlni, not ... wish, be unwilling. 32 odi, odisse, osurum (defective vb.), hate. 20
nomen, nominis, fl., name. 7 odium, -I, n., hatred. 38
non, ad1'., not. 1 Oedipus, -podis, 111., Oedipus, Greek mythical
nondulll, adl'., not yet figure said to have murdered his father and
Donne, interrog. adv. which introduces questions married his mother
expecting the answer "yes." 40 offel'o, -ferre, obtuli, obhitum, offer. 31
nOllnfillus, -3, -um, some, several officium, -ii, 1'1., duty, service. 4
nonnumquam, sometimes olim, (Jdl'., at that time, once, formerly; in the
nOllns, -a, -um, ninth future. 13
nos. See ego. omitto, -ere, -misi, -missum, let go, omit
nosco. See cognosco. omnino, adl'., wholly, entirely, altogether. 40
noster, -tI'3, -trom, our, ours. 5 omnipotens, gen. -tentis, a(#, al1-powerful,
noHirius, -ii, m., writer of shorthand, stenographer omnipotent
novem, indecl. (l(U., nine. 15 omnis, -e, every, all. 16
novus, -a, -om, new, strange. 7 onero (l), burden, load
nox, Hoctis, I, night. 26 onus, oneris, 11., burden, load
nobes, -is,/, cloud. 14 opera, -ae,;:, work, pains, help
nobo, -ere, nopsi, nUllturn, cover, veil; + dat. (of a opinor, -ari, -atDS sum, suppose. 40
bride) be married to, marry. 35 ol10rtet, -ere, oportuit (impers.), it is necessary,
Dfilius, -a, -nm, not any, no, none. 9 proper, right. 39
num, interrogative adv.: (1) introduces direct ques- oppono, -ere, -posui, -posit 11m, set against, oppose
tions which expect the answer "no"; (2) intro- opportune, adv., opportunely
duces indirect questions and means whether. 40 ollportunus, -a, -um, fit, suitable, advantageous,
numerus, -I, 111., number. 3 opportune
numquam, adv., never. 8 opprimo, -ere, -pressi, -pressllm, suppress,
nunc, ([dE, now, at present. 6 overwhelm, overpower, check. 23
nuntiO (1), announce, report, relate. 25 opprobrium, -ii, 11., reproach, taunt, disgrace
nuntius, m., messenger, message op!'ugno (l), fight against, attack, assault,
DUller, adv., recently. 12 assaiL 39
nutriO, -ire, -ivi, -itum, nourish, rear ops, opis,;:, help, aid; opes, 0llum, power,
resources, wealth. 33
o optimus. See bonus.
opto (l), wish for, desire
6, intcl:jection, O!, oh! 2 opus, operis, 11., a work, task; deed,
obdoro (I), be hard, persist, endure accomplishment. 38
obeo, -ire, -ii, -itum, go up against, meet; die. 37 oratiO, -onis,;:, speech. 38
obicio, -ere, -ieci, -iectum, offer; cite (as grounds for orator, -toris, 111., orator, speaker. 23
condemnation) orbis, -is, 11'1., circle, orb; orbis terrarum, the world,
oblecto (I), please, amuse, delight; pass time the earth
pleasantly. 36 ordo, ordinis, 11'1., rank, class, order
obruo, -ere, -rui, -rutum, overwhelm, destroy orior, -iri, ortus sum, arise, begin, proceed,
obsequium, -ii, 11., compliance originate
obstinatus, -a, -om, firm, resolved iirnii (l), equip, furnish, adorn. 39
occasiO, -onis,/, occasion, opportunity. 28 oro (I), speak, plead; beg, beseech, entreat, pray. 36
oeddo, -ere, -cidi, -casum (eado, fall), fall down; os, oris, 11., mouth, face. 14
die; set (of the sun). 31 osculum, -I, 11., kiss. 29
oecido, -ere, -cidi, -cisum (eaedo, cut), cut down; ostendo, -ere, -tendi, -tel1tum, exhibit, show,
kill, slay display. 23
oceulte, adv., secretly ostium, -ii, 1'1., entrance, door
 Latin-English Vocabulary 483

ot'iUD1, -ii, n., leisure, peace. 4 per, prep. + acc., through; with reflex. pron., by. 13
ovis, -is,j, sheep percipiO, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum, gain, learn, perceive
Ilerdo, -ere, perdidi, perditurn, destroy, ruin, lose
p pereo, -ire, -ii, -itum, pass away, be destroyed,
perish. 37
paedagogus, -I, m., slave who attended children peregrinor, peregrinari, peregrinatus sum, travel
(particularly at school) abroad, wander. 37
paganus, -I, m., a countryman, peasant; pagan perfectus, -a, -urn, complete, perfect
I'alam, ailv., openly, plainly perfero, -ferre, -tuli, -tatum, endure, suffer
palma, -ae,/, palm perficio, -ere, -feci, -rectum, do thoroughly,
panis, -is, 111., bread accomplish, bring about
par, gen. paris, adj., equal, like. 32 perfugium, -ii, n., refuge, shelter. 24
parco, -ere, peperd, parsiirum + dat., be lenient periculOsus, -a, -urn, dangerous
to, spare. 35 periculum, -i, n., danger, risk. 4
parens, -feutis, m)f, parent. 28 perimo, -ere, -emi, -emptum, destroy
pareo, -ere, -ui + cia!., be obedient to, obey. 35 peritus, -a, -urn, skilled, expert
paries, -ietis, 111., wall permitto, -ere, -misi, -missum, permit, allow
pariO, -ere, peperi, partum, beget, produce perniciosus, -a, -um, destructive, pernicious
IJarmula, -aeJ, little shield pernocio (I), spend or occupy the night. 39
paro (I), prepare, provide; get, obtain. 19 perpetulls, -a, -urn, perpetual, lasting,
pars, partis,j, part, share; direction. 14 uninterrupted, continuous. 6
parum, adv., Iittie, too little, not very (much) perscribo, -ere, -scripsi, -scriptum, write out, place
(camp. minus; super!. minime), 32 on record
parvus, -a, -nm, small, little, 4 (comp. minor; super!. persequor, -I, -seciitus Slim, follow up, pursue, take
minimus, 27) vengeance on
passel', -seris, m., sparrow Persiclls, -a, -urn, Persian
patefacio, were, -led, -factum, make open, open; persuadeo, -ere, -suasi, -sua sum, succeed in
disclose, expose. 25 urging, persuade, convince
pateo, -ere, -ui, be open, lie open; be accessible; be perterreo, -ere, -ui, -itum, frighten thoroughly,
evident. 32 terrify
pater, wtris, m., father. 12 pertineo, -ere, -ui, -teutum, pertain to, relate to,
gen. -eutis, adj., patient; + gen., capable concern
of enduring ))erturbo (1), throw into confusion, trouble,
patientia, -ae,!, suffering; patience, endur- disturb, perturb
ance. 12 perveuiO, -ire, -veni, -veutum + ad, come through
patior, -I, passus sum, suffer, endure; permit. to, arrive at, reach
34 pes, pedis, 111., lower leg, foot. 38
patria, -ae,!, fatherland, native land, (one's) pessimus. See malus.
country. 2 pestis, -is,.!', plague, pestilence, curse, destruction
patronus, -i, m., patron, protector peto, -ere, petivi, petitum, seek, aim at, beg,
paud, -ae, -a, usually pl., few, a few. 3 beseech, 23; petO ab eo ut + "ubj. 36
pauller, gel1. -peris, adj., of small means, poor. 32 philosophia, -aeJ, philosophy, love of wisdom. 2
paupertns, -tntis,!, poverty, humble philosophus, -I, 111., philosopha, philosopher.
circumstances. 32 33
(lax, piicis,/, peace. 7 piger, -gra, -grum, lazy, slow, dull
peeeo (I), sin, do wrong pipiO (I), chirp, pipe
pectus, -toris, n., breast, heart. 35 piscator, m., fisherman
peciinia, -ae,!, money. 2 piscis, -is, 111., fish
peior. See malus. plaeeo, -ere, -ui, -itum + cia!., be pleasing to,
pello, -ere, pepuli, pulsum, strike, push; drive out, please. 35
banish. 24 plaeo (I), placate, appease
484 Wheelock's Latin

plane, adJ!. , plainly, clearly praetereo, -ire, -ii, -itum, go by, pass, omit
))latea, -ae,/, broad way, street praeteritns, -a, -lim, pell pUl't. as adj.,
Plato, -tonis, m., Plato, the renowned Greek past
philosopher premo, -ere, pressi, pressum, press; press hard,
plebs, the common people, populace, pursue. 23
plebeians. 33 pretium, -ii, 11., price, value, reward
plenus, -a, -urn, full, abundant, generous. 6 prex, precis,!, prayer
))liirimus. See multns. primo, adv., at first, first, at the beginning. 30
I)liis. See multus. primurn, ad)!., first, in the first place; quam
pocma, -matis, 11., poem primmn, as soon as possible
poena, -ae,j.', penalty, punishment; poenas dare, primus. See prior. 27
pay the penalty. 2 princeps, gen. -cipis, chief; m.!}.' 1101.111, leader,
poeta, -ae, m., poet. 2 prince, emperor. 28
pomum, -I, 11., fruit, apple luincipiulll, -ii, 11.) beginning. 12
POIlO, -ere, ))osui, positum, put, place, set. 27 prior, prius, camp. ({{(j., former, prior; primus, -a,
pons, pontis, 111., bridge -um, first, foremost, chief, principal. 27
populus, -I, 11'1., the people, a people, nation. 3 pristinus, -a, -um, ancient, former, previous. 38
porta, -ae,/, gate, entrance. 2 I)rius, adv., before, previously
possessiO, -onis,/, possession, property privatus, -I, 111., private citizen
l)ossum, posse, potlli, be able, can, have power. 6 prTvii (I), deprive
post, prep. + acc., after, behind. 7 pro, prep. + abl., in front of, before, on behalf of,
postea, adv., afterwards. 24 in return for, instead of, for, as. 12
I)Ostpono, -ere, -))OSU1, -l1ositum, put consider probitas, -tatis,j.', uprightness, honesty, probity. 18
secondary probii (I), approve; recommend; test. 27
))ostquam, conj., after proconsul, -sulis, 111., proconsul, governor of a
110stremulll, adv., after all, finally; for the last prov111ce
time. 40 proditor, -tOris, 111., betrayer, traitor
potens, gen. -tentis, pres. part. as m!j., pl'Oelium, -ii, 11., battle
able, powerful, mighty, stroug. 16 pl'ofero, -ferre, -tuli, -latum, bring forward,
potestas, -Hitis,/, power, ability, opportunity produce, make known, extend
potior, -iri, }}otitus sum + gen. or abl., get 1)l'Oficiscor, -i, -fectus sum, set out, start. 34
possession of, possess, hold profor, -iiri, -atus sum, speak out
potills, adJ!. , rather, preferably profundo, -ere, -fiidi, -fiisum, pour forth
prae, prep. + abl., in front of, before. 26 pl'Ohibeo, -ere, -ui, -itum, prevent, restrain,
luaebeo, -ere, -ui, -itum, offer, provide. 32 prohibit. 20
praeceptum, -i, 11., precept proicio, -ere, -ied, -iectum, throw forward or out
praecHirus, -a, -um, noble, distinguished, famous, pl'omitto, -mittere, -misi, -missulll, send forth,
remarkable promise. 32
pl'aefero, -ferre, -tuli, -Iatum, bear before, display; }}ronfintiO (1), proclaim, announce; declaim;
place before, prefer pronounce. 20
praeficio, -ere, -led, -fectmn, put in charge of llropono, -ere, -posui, -positum, put forward,
I)raemitto, -ere, -misi, -missurn, send ahead or propose
forward proprius, -a, -um, one's own, peculiar, proper,
))raemium, -ii, n., reward, prize. 35 personal, characteristic
praesidium, -ii, 11., guard, detachment, protection 1)I'Optel', prep. + ace., on account of, because of. 5
praesto, -are, -stiti, -stitum, excel (+ dat.); exhibit, protinus, adv., immediately. 22
show, offer, supply. 28 pro video, -ere, -vidi, -ViSUIU, foresee, provide, make
praesum, -esse, -fui, be at the head of, be in proVIsIOn
charge of llroximus, -a, -urn ,S'llperl. nearest, next
1)l'aetel', prep. + ({ce., besides, except; beyond, prfidcns, gen. -dentis, a((j., wise, prudent
past. 40 prudentel', ad)!., wisely, discreetly
 Latin-English Vocabulary 485

prudentia, -ae,l, foresight, wisdom, discretion quidam, quaedam, quiddam (pron.) or quoddam
publicus, -a, -urn, of the people, public; (m(j.), indef PI'OI1. and (lr!j.: as pron., a certain
res publica, rei piiblicae,/, the state one or thing, someone, something; as adj., a
purlieus, -a, -om, modest, chaste. 26 certain. 26
Jludor, -doris, m., modesty, bashfulness quidcm,postpositive adl!., indeed, certainly, at
puella, -oe,/, girl. 2 least, even; ne ... quidem, not even. 29
puer, pucri, m' boy; pI. boys, children. 3
I quies, -etis,/, quiet, rest, peace
pueriliter, ([dll., childishly, foolishly quin, adl'., indeed, in fact. 40
pugua, -aeJ, fight, battIe quill etiam, adv., why even, in fact, moreover
puguo (I), fight. 29 Quintus, -I, m., Quintus, a Roman praenomen,
lmlcher, -chra, -chrum, beautiful, handsome; abbreviated to Q. in writing
fine. 5 quis? quid?, interrogative pron., who? what? which?
pulclue, adv., beautifully, finely. 32 19
lmichl'itiido, -dinis,/, beauty quis, quid, inde/ jJron., ({[fer si, nisi, ne, and uum,
poniO, -ire, -ivi, -itum, punish anyone, anything, someone, something. 33
pUl'go (I), cleanse quisquam, quidquam (or quicquam), indef PI'OI1.
piirus, -a, -urn, pure, free from and adj., anyone, anything
puto (1), reckon, suppose, judge, think, quisquc, quidque, indef pron., each one, each
imagine. 25 person, each thing. 13
Pythagoras, -ae, m.) Pythagoras, Greek quisquis, quidquid, indel pron., whoever,
philosopher and mathematician of 6th cen. R.C. whatever. 23
quo, adv., to which or what place, whither, where
Q quod, because. 11
quomodo, adv., in what way, how
qua, adv., by which route, where quondam, adv., formerly, once. 22
quadriiginta, indeel. (l((j.) forty quoniam, conj., since, inasmuch as, 10
quaero, -ere, quaesivi, quaesItum, seek, look for, quoque, adv., also, too. 17
strive for; ask, inquire, inquire into. 24 quot, indeel. {[((j., how many, as many. 27
quam, at/v., how, 16; can)., than, 26; as ... as quotiellscumque, adv., however often, whenever
possible (IVilh super!.), 26
quamyis, adv. and conj., however much, however;
R
although
quando, interrogative and rei. adv. and conj., when; rapiO, -ere, rapui, raptum, seize, snatch, carry
si quando, if ever. 5 away. 21
quantus, -a, -urn, how large, how great, how rarus, -a, -urn, rare
much. 30 ratiO, -onis,;:, reckoning, account; reason,
quare, adv., because of which thing, therefore, judgment, consideration; system, manner,
wherefore, why. 6 method. 8
quartus, -a, -urn, fourth. 15 recedo, -ere, -cessi, -ccssum, go back, retire, recede
quasi, adv. or conj., as if: as it were. 39 recipio, -ere, -cepi, -cepturn, take back, regain;
quattuor, indeel. adj., four. 15 admit, receive. 24
-que, enclitic and. II is appended to the reeito (I), read aloud, recite. 17
second of tIVO words to be joined. 6 recognosco, -ere, -no vi, -llitum, recognize,
quemadmodum, adv., in what manner, how recollect. 38
queror, -I, questus sum, complain, lament. 38 recordatiO, -onis,;:, recollection
qui, quae, quod, reI. P1'011., who, which, what, ..ecreo (1), restore, revive; refresh, cheer. 36
that. 17 rectus, -a, -urn, straight, right; rectum, -I, 11., the
qui? quae? quod?, interrog. adj., what? which? what right, virtue
kind of? 19 recuperatiO, -onis,;:, recovery
quia, conj., since, because recullero (1), regain
quid, what, why. See quis. reeuso (I), refuse. 33
486 Wheelock's Latin

reddo, -ere, -didi, -ditum, give back, return rumor, -moris, 111., rumor, gossip. 31
redeo, -ire, -ii, -itum, go back, return. 37 ruo, -ere, rui, rutllm, rush, fall, be ruined
fedoco, -cre, -duxi, -ductum, lead back, bring back rus, ruris, n., the country, countryside. 37
refcro, -ferre, -ttuli, -Hitum, carry back, bring rusticor, -ari, -atus SUIll, live in the country. 34
back; repeat, answer, report. 31 rustieus, -a, -um, rustic, rural
regina, -ae,/, queen. 7
regius, -a, -urn, royal
s
regnum, -I, 11., rule, authority, kingdom sabbatum, -I, 11., the Sabbath
rego, -cre, rexi, rectum, rule, guide, direct. 16 sacculus, -I, n., little bag, purse
l'clego, -cre, -legi, -lCctum, read again, reread sacrificium, -ii, 11., sacrifice
relc\'o (I), relieve, alleviate, diminish sacerdos, sacerdotis, m., priest. 23
rclinquo, -cre, -liqui, -licturn, leave behind, leave, sacrilegus, -a, -UIll, sacrilegious, impious
abandon. 21 saepe, adll., often. 1
l'cmaneo, -ere, -mansi, -mansum, remain, stay sacta equina, -ae -ae,l, horse-hair
behind, abide, continue. 5 sagitta, -ae,l, arrow
remedium, -ii, n., cure, remedy. 4 sal, salis, m., salt; wit. 33
remissiO, -onis,/, letting go, release; relaxation. 34 salsus, -a, -UIll, salty, witty
l'cmoveo, -cre, -runvi, -lllotum remove
j salUbl'is, -e, healthy, salubrious
repente adv., suddenly. 30
j salUs, salUtis,I, health, safety; greeting. 21
refleriO, -ire, -pperi, -pertum, find, discover, learn; saliitii (l), greet
get. 40 salveo, -ere, be well, be in good health.
repetitiO, -onis,l, repetition salvus, -a, -1IIn, safe, sound. 6
relJeto, -ere, -ivi, -Hum, seek again, repeat sanctifico (l), sanctify, treat as holy
repo, -ere, repsi, reptum, creep, crawl saoctus, -a, -um, sacred, holy
rel'ugnii (l) + dat., fight against, be incompatible sanitas, -tatis,l, health, soundness of mind, sanity
with sano (l), heal
requiesco, -ere, -quievI, -quietulll, rest. 37 sanus, -a, -um, sound, healthy, sane. 5
requiro, -ere, -quisivi, -SitUUl, seek, ask for; miss, sapiens, gen. -entis, wise, judicious; as a nOUI1,
need, require. 36 m., a wise man, philosopher. 25
res, rei,l, thing, matter, business, affair; res sapientel', adv., wisely, sensibly. 32
publica, rei publicae, state, commonwealth. 22 saI1ientia, -ae,l, wisdom. 3
resistii, -ere, -stiU, make a stand, resist, oppose sapiO, -ere, sapivi, have good taste; have good
respondeo, -ere, -spolldi, -sponsum, answer. 29 sense, be wise. 35
restituo, -ere, -stitui, -StitutUlll, restore satiO (l), satisfy, sate. 3
retraho, -ere, -triixi, -tractum, drag or draw back satis, indeel. noun, and adv., enough,
reveniO, -ire, -veni, -ventum, come back, return sufficient(ly). 5
revel'tor, -i, -verti (pelf is act.), -versum, return satol', -toris, 111., sowel; planter; begettel; 38
revoco (I), call back, recall satum, -ae,l, satire. 16
rex, regis, 111., king. 7 saxum, -I, n., rock, stone. 40
rhetoricus, -a, -urn, of rhetoric, rhetorical scabies, -fi,l, the itch, mange
rideo, -ere, risi, risum, laugh, laugh at. 24 sceleratus, -a, -urn, criminal, wicked, accursed
l'idiculus, -a, -um, laughable, ridiculous. 30 scelestus, -a, -um, wicked, accursed, infamous
rugii (I), ask, ask for. 30; rugo ellm ut + subj., 36 scelns, -Ieris, n., evil deed, crime, sin, wickedness.
Room, -ae,l, Rome. l4 19
Romanus, -a, -um, Roman. 3 schola, -ae,f, school
rosa, -ae,l, rose. 2 scientia, -ae,l, knowledge, science, skill. 18
rostrum, -I, n., beak of a ship; Rostra, -orum, the sciO, -ire, -ivi, -itum, know. 21
Rostra, speaker's platform scribo, -ere, scripsi, scriptum, write, compose. 8
rota, -ae,l, wheel scril}tor, -tOris, "1'1., writer, author. 8
rotuudus, -a, -Ulll, wheel-shaped, round secerno, -ere, -crevi, -cretum, separate
 Latin-English Vocabulary 487

secundus, -a, -urn, second; favorable. 6 sol, solis, m., sun. 27

securus, -a, -um, free from care, untroubled, safe solacium, -ii, 11., comfort, relief. 24
sed, conj., but. 2 soleo, -ere, solitus sum, be accustomed. 37
sedeo, -ere, sedi, sessum, si t. 34 solitiido, -dinis,j, solitude, loneliness
seductor, -fOris, m. (ecclesiastical Lat.), seducer sollicito (1), stir up, arouse, incite
semel, (fdv., a single time, once, once and for all, sollicitiido, -dinis,/, anxiety, concern, solicitude
simultaneously. 31 soIIicitus, -a, -um, troubled, anxious, disturbed
semper, adv., always. 3 SolOn, -lOnis, m., Solon, Athenian sage and
senator, -toris, 111., senator statesman of the 7th-6th cen. B.C.
senatus, -fis, 111., senate. 20 sOlum, aclv., only, merely; non sOlum ... sed etiam,
senectos, -tiitis,j, old age. 10 not only ... but also. 9
sencx, senis, ad). and 11., old, aged; old man. 16 solus, -a, -urn, alone, only, the only. 9
sensus, -us, 111., feeling, sense. 20 somnus, wi, m., sleep. 26
sententia, -ae,l, feeling, thought, opinion, vote; Sophocles, -is, /11., Sophocles, one of the three
sentence. 2 greatest writers of Greek tragedy
sentiO, -ire, sensi, sensum, feel, perceive, think, sopor, -poris, 111., deep sleep
experience. 11 sordes, -dium,j pl., filth; meanness, stinginess
septem, bIdec!. adI, seven. 15 soror, -roris,.!, sister. 8
sepulchrum, -I, 11., grave, tomb spargo, -ere, spat'si, sJlarsum, scatter, spread, strew
sequor, -I, seeiitns sum, follow. 34 s)Jectaculum, 11., spectacle, show
sereno (1), make clear, brighten; cheer up, speetO (I), look at, see. 34
soothe. 36 speculum, -i, n., mirror. 33
seriO, adv., seriously sperno, -ere, spl'cvi, spretum, scorn, despise, spurn
serius, -a, -um, serious, grave spero (I), hope tor, hope. 25
sermo, -monis, m., conversation, talk spes, -ei,/, hope. 22
sero, -ere, sevi, saturn, sow spiritus, -fis, m., breath, breathing; spirit, souL 20
servin, -ire, -ivi, -itom + dat., be a slave to, stabilis, -e, stable, steadfast
serve. 35 stadium, n., stadium
servitns, -tntis,j, servitude, slavery. 20 statim, adv., immediately, at once
servo (1), preserve, keep, save, guard. 1 statua, -ae,.!, statue
servus, -i, m., and serva, -ae,j, slave. 24 stella, -ae,j, star, planet. 28
severitas, -tatis,j, severity, sternness, strictness stilus, -I, 111., stilus (for writing)
si, if. I sto, stare, steH, statum, stand, stand still or
sic, (idv. (most commonly with verbs), so, thus. 29 firm. 13
sicut, adl'. and as, just as, as it were studeo, -ere, + dCll., direct one's zeal to, be
sidus, -deris, n., constellation, star. 29 eager for, study. 35
signum, -i, 11., sign, signal, indication; seal. 13 studiOsus, -a, -um, full of zeal, eager, fond of
siJentium, -ii, n., silence studium, -ii, 11., eagerness, zeal, pursuit, study. 9
silva, -ae,j, forest, wood stuitus, -a, foolish; stultus, -i, 111., a fool. 4
similis, -e, similar to, like, resembling. 27 sua vis, -e, sweet. 33
simplex, gen. -plicis, adj., simple, unaffected sub,prep. + ab!. \vith verbs of rest, + acc. with
simulatiO, -onis,j, pretense verbs of motion, under, up under, close to. 7
sille,prep. + abl., without. 2 subito, adv., suddenly. 33
singuli, -ae, -a, pl., one each, single, separate subitus, -a, -um, sudden
singultim, a(lE, starnmeringly subiungii, -ere, -ifinctull1, subject, subdue
sinister, -tra, -trom, left, left-hand; harmful, iU- sublimis, sublime, elevated, lofty; heroic, noble. 38
omened.20 subrideo, -ridere, -risi, -risum, smile (down)
sitiO, -ire, -ivi, be thirsty upon. 35
socius, -ii, m., companion, ally succurro, -ere, -curri, -curSUIll, run up under, help
Socrates, -is, 111., Socrates sufficio, -ere, -feci, -fectum, be sufficient, suffice
488 Wheelock's Latin

sui (sibi, se, se), reflex. proll. C?l3rd pers., tego, -ere, texi, tectum, cover, hide, protect
herself, itself, themselves. 13 temeritiis, -tatis,j.", rashness, temerity
sum, esse, fui, futUrum, be, exist. 4; est, sunt may temperantia, -ae,l, moderation, temperance,
mean there is, there are. I self-control
summu, -ae,l, highest part, sum, whole temllestas, -tatis,j.", period of time, season;
sumIDUS, -a, -urn. See superns. weather, storm. 15
sumo, -ere, sumpsi, sfimptmll, take, take up, templum, -i, 11., sacred area, temple
assume temptatiO, -onis,/, trial, temptation
siimptus, -fis, m., expense, cost tempus, -poris, 11., time; occasion, opportunity. 7
supellcx, -iectilis,/, furniture, apparatus tendo, -ere, tetendi, tentmn or tensum, stretch,
supel'bus, -a, -om, arrogant, overbearing, haughty, extend; go
proud. 26 teneo, -ere, -Ui, telltmu, hold, keep, possess,
superior. See superns. restrain. 14
snpero (1), be above, have the upper hand, tero, -ere, trivi, tl'itnm, rub, wear out
surpass, overcome, conquer. 5 terra, -ae,j.", earth, ground, land, country. 7
superus, -a, -urn, above, upper; superi, -orum, 111., tel'l'co, -ere, -ni, -itum, frighten, terrify. 1
the gods (comp. superior, -ius, higher; superl. tertius, -a, -urn, third. 15
supremus, -a, -um, last, or summus, -a, -om, thema, -matis, 11., theme
highest). 27 Themistocies, -is, m., Themistocles, celebrated
supplicium, -ii, 11., punishment Athenian statesman and military leader who
supra, adJl. and prep. + ace., above advocated a powerful navy at the time of the
supl'emus. See sUl1erus. Persian Wars
surculus, -i, m., shoot, sprout timeo, -ere, -1Ii, fear, be afraid of, be afraid. 15
surgo, -ere, sUl'l'exi, surrectum, get up, arise. 29 timor, -moris, 111., fear. 10
suscipiO, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum, undertake. 25 titulus, -I, J11., label, title; placard
suspendo, -ere, -pendi, -pensum, hang up, suspend; toga, -ae, I, toga, the garb of peace
interrupt. 38 lo(ero (I), bea!; endure, tolerate. 6
sustilleo, -ere, -ui, -ten tum, hold up, sustain, tollo, -ere, sustuli, snbIatum, raise, lift up; take
endure away, remove, destroy. 22
suus, -a, -mu, reflexive possessive (1((/ pers., tondeo, -ere, totondi, tonsum, shear, clip
his own, her own, its own, their own. 13 tonso1', -soris, m., barber
synagoga, -ae,l, synagogue tonsorius, -a, -urn, of or pertaining to a barber,
Syraciisae, -al'um,/ pl., Syracuse. 37 barber's
tot, indecl. ([((j., that number of, so many. 40
T totus, -a, -urn, whole, entire. 9
tracto (I), drag about; handle, treat, discuss
tabella, -ae,l, writing tablet; tabellae, -arum, trado, -ere, -didi, -ditmn, give over,
letter, document hand down, transmit, teach. 33
taceo, -ere, -ui, -itum, be silent, leave tragoedia, -ae,l, tragedy
unmentioned. 28 traho, -ere, tl'axi, tractulll, draw, drag; derive,
talis, -e, such, of such a sort. 34 acquire. 8
tam, adl'. used with (ldjs. and adl's., so, to such a trans, prep. + act., across. 14
degree; tam ... quam, so . , , as, 29 transeo, -ire, -ii, -itum, go across, cross; pass over,
tamen, adv, , nevertheless, still, 8 ignore. 39
tamquam, ad)!" as it were, as if, so to speak. 29 transfero, -ferre, -tuli, -13tmn, bear across, transfer,
tandem, adv, , at last, finally convey
tango, -ere, tetigi, tactum, touch, 21 transitus, -us, m., passing over, transit;
talltum, adv., only. 26 transition. 39
tautus, -a, -urn, so large, so great, of such size. 29 tredecim, indecl. (1((/, thirteen. 15
tardus, -a, -um, slow, tardy t..CIIlO, -ere, tl'emui, tremble
tectum, -i, 11., house trepide, ad)!., with trepidation, in confusion
 Latin-English Vocabulary 489

tres, tria, three. 15 utrum ... an, whether ... or. 30

triginta inc/eel. adj., thirty
j uxor, -oris, I, wife. 7
tristis, -e, sad, sorrowful; joyless, grim, severe. 26
tl'iumphus, -I, 111., triumphal procession, triumph v
Troia, Troy. 23
TroH'inus, -a, -mn, Trojan vaco (1), be free from, be unoccupied
tii, tui, you. 11 vacuus, -a, -um, empty, devoid (of), free (from)
Tullius, -ii, 111.) Cicero's name vae, intel:iection, alas, woe to. 34
tum, (I(/I!., then, at that time; thereupon, in the valco, -erc, -ui, -itfirum, be strong, have power; be
next place. 5 well, fare well; vale (valete), good-bye. I
tumultus, -fis, m., uprising, disturbance valCtiid1i, -dinis,./. health, good health, bad
tumulus, -I, 111., mound, tomb health
tUIlC, ((e/v., then, at that time
,'arius, -a, -lim, various, varied, different
turba, -ae,l, uproar, disturbance; mob, crowd, -ve, cOJU·., or 33
multitude. 14 vchcmclls, gen. -mentis, adj., violent, vehement,
turpis, -e, ugly; shameful, base, disgraceful. 26 emphatic, vigorous
tutus, -a, -lim, protected, safe, secure veho, -cre, vcxi, vectum, carry, convey
tuus, -a, -um, your, yours (sg.), 2 vel, con)., or (an optional alternative)
tyrannus, -I, 111., absolute ruler, tyrant. 6 vmox, gen. -Iocis, ad)., swift
vendo, -crc, vcndidi, vcnditum, sell. 38
venia, -ac,l, kindness, favor, pardon
u vcnio, -ire, vcni, vcntum, comc. 10
ubi, rei. adv. and where; when; ;'llerrogatil'e, ventitO (l), come often
where? 6 vcntus, -I, 111., wind. 39
ulciscor, ultus sum, avenge, punish for wrong Venus, -ncris,/, Venus, goddess of grace, charm,
done and love
finus, -a, -\1m, any, 9 verbera, -rUIIl, n. pl., blows, a beating
ultimns, -a, -urn, farthest, extreme; last, finaL 25 vcrbum, -i, 11., word. 5
ultra, ae/l'. and prep. + ace., on the other side vcre, adE, truly, really, actually, rightly
beyond. 22 vercol', -eri, veritus SUIll, show reverence for,
umbra, -ae,l, shade; ghost respect; be afraid of, fear. 40
umerus, -i, 111., shoulder, upper arm Vcrgilius, -ii, m., Virgil, the Roman epic poet
umquam, adv., ever, at any time. 23 veritas, -tatis, /, truth. 10
unde, adv., whence, from what 01' which place; vero, ad)!., in truth, indeed, to be sure, however. 29
from which, from whom. 30 versus, -us, m., line, verse. 20
finus, -a, -um, one, single, alone. 9 vcrtO, -crc, vcrti, vcrSUIll, turn, change. 23
urbanus, -a, -urn, of the city, urban, urbane, verus, -a, -um, true, real, proper. 4
elcgant. 26 vcsper, oj' -Ileri, 111., evening; evening star. 28
tubs, urbis,l, city. 14 ,'cspillo, -lOnis, m., undertaker
iisque, adv.. all the way, up (to), even (to), vestcr, -tra, -trum, your, yours (pl.). 6
continuously, always. 31 vcstiO, -irc, -ivi, -Hum, clothe
USUS, -us, 11'1., usc, experience, skill, advantage vetus, gen. -teds, ({((j., old. 34
ut, con).; A. lvith sub)., introducing (1) purpose, in via, -ae,/, road, street, way. 10
order that, that, to (28); (2) reslI!l, so that, that vicinus, -i, m., vicina, -ae,l, neighbor. 21
(29); (3)jllssive 1101111 clallses, to, that (36); (4) vicissitfido, -dinis,l, change, vicissitude
fear clauses, that ... not (40); B. with indie., just victor, -toris, m., victor
as, as, when. 24 victoria, -ae,/, victory. 8
uter, utra, utrum, which (of two). 9 victus, -us, m., living, mode of life
utilis, -e, useful, advantageous. 27 video, -ere, vidi, visum, see, observe;
utilitas, -tatis,/, usefulness, advantage understand, 1; vidco)', -eri, visus sum, be seen,
utor, -i, fisus sum + abi., use; enjoy, experience. 34 seem, appear. 18
490 Wheelock's l.atin

vigilO (1), be awake, watch, be vigilant vix, adv., hardly, scarcely, with difficulty
vigor, m., vigor, liveliness voco (I), call, summon. I
villa, -ae,j, villa, country house volO, velIe, volui, wish, want, be willing, wilL 32
vineo, -ere, vici, victum, conquer, overcome. 8 volii (1), fly
vinculum, -i, n., bond, chain. 36 volontarius, -a, -urn, voluntary
vinum, -i, n., wine. 31 voluntas, -tatis,j.", will, wish
vir, viri, m., man, hero. 3 voluptas, -tatis, I, pleasure. 10
virgo, -ginis,j, maiden, virgin. 7 vos. See tii.
virtiis, -tfitis, j, manliness, courage; excellence, vox, vocis, I, voice, word. 34
virtue, character, worth. 7 vulgus, -i, n. {wmetimes m.), the common people,
vis, vis,j, force, power, violence; vires, virium, mob, rabble. 21
strength. 14 vulnus, -neris, n., wound. 24
vita, life, mode of life. 2 vultus, -fis, 111., countenance, face, 40.
vitiOsus, -a, -0111, full of vice, vicious. 34
VitiUIII, 11., fault, vice, crime. 6 x
vitO (1), avoid, shun. 14
vivo, -ere, vixi, victum, live. 10 Xenophon, -phontis, 111., Xenophon, Greek general
vivos, -a, -om, alive, living. 30 and author