Scribd
Upload
278 views

DC Servo Motors

DC motors are preferred over AC motors for servo applications because they are easier to control and position precisely. There are two main types of DC servo motors: field controlled and armature controlled. In field controlled motors, torque is proportional to the field current, while in armature controlled motors torque depends on the armature current. Servo motors use feedback control, with the position sensed by a potentiometer or encoder. Pulse width modulation of control signals allows the servo motor rotation to be precisely controlled.

Uploaded by

Soumitri Jena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
278 views

DC Servo Motors

DC motors are preferred over AC motors for servo applications because they are easier to control and position precisely. There are two main types of DC servo motors: field controlled and armature controlled. In field controlled motors, torque is proportional to the field current, while in armature controlled motors torque depends on the armature current. Servo motors use feedback control, with the position sensed by a potentiometer or encoder. Pulse width modulation of control signals allows the servo motor rotation to be precisely controlled.

Uploaded by

Soumitri Jena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

DC Servo Motors

Soumitri Jena
[email protected]
Difference between AC and DC
motor
AC motor
Advantages: Low cost, higher efficiency, low inertia,
No commutator and brush action.

Disadvantage: difficult to control and position for robotic


applications. No-linear characteristics makes
analysis difficult.

Applications: Suitable for lower power applications.


DC Motor
• Advantage: Characteristics are liner when compared to AC
motors. Hence, easier to control.

• Disadvantage: High cost and requires more maintenance due


to commutator and brush action.

• Application: better for high power applications.


Servo System
• Servo system means the output is in terms of mechanical
variables like position, velocity or acceleration.

• In servo applications the dc motor is required to produce


rapid acceleration from standstill.

• Physical requirements: low inertia, high starting torque.

• Achievable with reduced armature diameter and increased


armature length.
A 500 W DC brushless servo meter
Field Controlled DC
servomotor
Torque equation
𝑇 ∝ ∅𝐼𝑎

• As the armature is excited with a constant source 𝐼𝑎 is


constant here.
Hence, 𝑇 ∝ ∅.

• Field is excited with an amplified error signal. Hence, the


torque (rotation) can be controlled with amplified error signal.
• The direction of rotation can be changed by changing the
polarity of the field.
Armature Controlled DC
Servo Motor
Torque equation
• In armature control method, huge change in magnetization
current is required for small change in mmf.
• Any change in fault current do not change the response of the
servo motor (Desirable at sometimes).

𝑇 ∝ ∅𝐼𝑎

As ∅ does not change enough (constant), torque depends


largely on the armature current.
Components
Working
• A servo motor has a control circuit and potentiometer
connected to the output shaft.
• The current position of the shaft is converted to electrical
signal by the potentiometer and is compared with the
command input reference signal.
• In modern servo motors, electronic encoders or sensors sense
the position of the shaft .
• DC servomotor works on the feedback control mechanism.
Typical Servo motor control diagram
Controlling
• Servo motor is controlled by PWM (Pulse with Modulation)
which is provided by the control wires.
• There is a minimum pulse, a maximum pulse and a repetition
rate.
• The servo motor expects to see a pulse every 20 milliseconds
(ms) and the length of the pulse will determine how far the
motor turns.
Controlling pulses for servomotor
Takeaways
• DC motors are preferred over ac motors for servo applications
because of precise control and positioning.
• In a field controlled DC servomotor the torque is propotional
to the field current.
• In a armature controlled DC servomotor, armature current
controls the torque.
• Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is required to control the
angular rotation.
Thank You

You might also like