Filipino Social Thinkers (D.I.S.

S)

1. 1. FILIPINO
SOCIAL THINKERS
2. 2. JOSE RIZAL
(REFORMIST)
3. 3. •Intelligence is
the solution to the ills
of the country.
4. 4. •Their
consciousness should
be freed from
fanaticism, docility,
inferiority, and
hopelessness.
5. 5. •He started La
Liga Filipina with the
 job of enlightening the
minds of the people.
6. 6. •Believed in
Agnostic Deism – the
view that God created
the universe with its
law, never to interfere
with it again.
7. 7. •“Human
problems are
irrational human
creations and can be
 solved through
rational solutions. If
reason commits
mistakes, only reason
can correct them.”
8. 8. •“What is the use
of independence if
the slaves of today
will be the tyrants of
tomorrow?”
9. 9. ANDRES
BONIFACIO
(REVOLUTIONIST)
10. 10. •Founded
Katipunan/KKK.
(Kataastaasan,
Kagalanggalangang
Katipunan ng mga
Anak ng Bayan)
11. 11. •His
philosophy of
revolution was
 published in the
revolutionary
newspaper ,
“Kalayaan”.
12. 12. •Transformed
the blood compact
(sandugo) as a
kinship contract.
13. 13. •According to
him, a revolution of
war is justified when
 there is breach of
contract.
14. 14. EMILIO
JACINTO
(REVOLUTIONIST)
15. 15. •He
capitalized on the
idea of a free reign of
reason, of the
freedom to think and
do, rather than the
 freedom to will and
do. (Gripaldo, 2002)
16. 16. •“In a colonial
situation where both
will and thinking are
suppressed, where
intellectual fanaticism
is the rule, where
one’s will is
conditioned to submit
to tyranny, it is
 intellectual liberty that
comes primary.”
17. 17. •Filipinos must
get rid of slavery;
must embrace liberty
again with a price, a
bloody revolution.
18. 18. MANUEL
LUIS QUEZON
(POLITICAL
PHILOSOPHER)
19. 19. •Political
pragmatism & political
operation for an
eventual Philippine
independence
20. 20. •Political
Pragmatism – “one
must fight for a goal
but if obstacles
towards that goal are
difficult to summon
21. 21. then one must
fall back to an
alternative that is
better than nothing
provided it’s in the
right direction.”
22. 22. •Believed in
Social Darwinism –
governments are
products of political
struggles for survival.
23. 23. •“Partyless
Democracy” –
political parties
influence the
politician, the people.
24. 24. •Believed in
the democratization
of education for all,
national language,
and justice.
25. 25. •Equal access
to essential raw
materials.
26. 26. JOSE P.
LAUREL (POLITICAL
PHILOSOPHER)
27. 27. •Individuals
cannot forever remain
in solitude.
28. 28. •Social
differences
29. 29. •“Human
rights cannot be
guaranteed unless
the citizens first do
their obligations
towards the state.”
30. 30. •“Good
governance is
founded on
righteousness and
foreign relations must
be based on full
 reciprocal rights and
privileges between
and among nations.”
31. 31. RENATO
CONSTANTINO
(NATIONALIST)
32. 32. •Colonial
experience has
developed a captive
consciousness. An
effect of this “crab
mentality”. This is the
 tendency to those on
top
33. 33. of the
hierarchy to push
those below while
those below to pull
down those up above.
34. 34. •“When one
makes a nationalist
choice, he or she
chooses not for
himself or herself
 alone but for the
entire nation as well.”
35. 35. R. ESQUIREL
EMBUSCADO
(DISSECTIONIST)
36. 36. •As a painter,
he believed that the
task of an authentic
artist is to cut the
umbilical cord of the
past, to make use of
the
37. 37. present, and
to protect that present
to the open future. He
called this art of
“dissectionism.”
38. 38. •True art must
not be part-oriented,
but present-future
oriented.
39. 39. CIRILO
BAUTISTA
 (POLITICAL
THEORIST)
40. 40. •“RubberTone
r” – a poem •“History
can be read as a
poem in the same
way a poem can be
read as history.”
41. 41. CLARO R.
CENTEZA (META
PHYSICIAN)
42. 42. •To “exist” is
to “stand out.” •To
“exist” is “to make a
difference.”
43. 43. ROLANDO M.
GRIPALDO
(CIRCUMSTANTIA
LIST)
44. 44. •“free choice”
- Choices are done in
situations, which are
of 2 broad types:
 rational and non-
rational.
45. 45. ISABELO
DELOS REYES
(LABOR ACTIVIST/
ANTHROPOLOGIST)
46. 46. •Father of
Filipino Socialism
•Initiated labor strikes
against American
business firms
47. 47. •Founded ‘El
Ilocano’ •He
organized the first
labor union, Union
Obrera Democratica
Filipina
48. 48. •MotherTongu
e based Multilingual
Education
49. 49. TEODORO M.
KALAW
50. 50. •Published
Cinko Reglas de
Nuestra Moral
Antigua
51. 51. CAMILO
OSIAS
52. 52. •“TAYO”
concept •Believes
that education must
secure for every
Filipino the fullest
measure of efficiency,
 freedom, and
happiness
53. 53. VICENTE
SINCO, FRANCISCO
DALUPAN,
CONRADO AQUINO
54. 54. •Liberal
Education – an
approach to learning
that empowers
individuals and
repairs them to deal
 with complexity,
diversity, and change.
55. 55. •Sinco
envisioned the need
for well-trained
teachers as one of
the essential factors
to improve the quality
of the educational
program in schools.
56. 56. •Aquino also
stressed that those
responsible for the
education of the
citizens must also
educate them in the
fullness of their
rational nature.
institute of philippine culture's study on philippine values

1. 1. Lesson II Institute
Of Philippine
Culture’s Study On
Philippine Values
2. 2. Objectives: •
Identify and explain
important
interpersonal values
of the Filipinos •
Analyze the role of
interpersonal relation
values to Philippine
 culture • Incorporate
desirable Philippine
values to student’s
everyday lives
3. 3. refers to the set
of values or the value
system that a majority
of the Filipino have
historically held
important in their
lives. This Philippine
value system includes
their own unique
assemblage of
consistent ideologies,
moral codes, ethical
practices, etiquette,
and cultural and
personal values that
are promoted by their
society. standards
used in the making of
a decision. They can
be classified as aims
 or goals toward
something that an
individual strives for.
Filipino Values
Values
4. 4. Group Activity
Divide the class into
three groups. Each
group will be given
part of the lesson that
they will report as
they answer and do
 the following: 1. What
are the different
Filipino values related
to interpersonal
relations? 2. How can
you incorporate
desirable values in
your daily lives? 3.
Give or show
example/s.
5. 5. Institute of
Philippine Culture’s
Study on Philippine
Values I. Social
acceptance •Smooth
interpersonal
relations •Shame and
self-esteem II.
Economic security
and Social Mobility III.
Reciprocity
•Contractual •Quasi-
contractual •Utang na
loob
6. 6. A B _____1.
Culturally-defined
standards imposed by
society to evaluate
desirability,
goodness, and
beauty a. Amor
propio _____2.
Refers to being
respectful or in a
polite manner of
presenting a serious
subject or an unkind
opinion or request b.
Values _____3. It
refers to a situation
when Filipinos ensure
that every favor or
request received or
asked must be
returned c. Abuloy
_____4. A special
defense against
severe interpersonal
unpleasantness
which is manifested
by being sensitive to
personal insult d.
Reciprocity _____5.
An example of quasi-
contractual reciprocity
where an individual
gives money to the
family of the
deceased person e.
Euphemism
7. 7. B. Essay. Answer
the following
questions.(2.5 points
each): 1. How is the
smooth interpersonal
relations or SIR
acquired and
preserved in
Philippine society? 2.
How will you explain
the concept of Filipino
reciprocity?
8. 8. Assignment:
Write an
argumentative essay
that will explain the
importance of the
Filipino social
interpersonal values
to our culture and the
positive and negative
implications of these
values to our
country’s
development.
Filipino Psychology

1. 1. IS THERE A
FILIPINO
PSYCHOLOGY?
2. 2. Hon. Norberto
Romualdez, then
Associate Justice of
the Supreme Court of
the Philippines,
“Psychology of the
Philippines” @
Ateneo de Manila
University Towards
 the Middle of
February, 1965,
3. 3. Who was given
the task of writing his
observations and
opinions about the
Filipinos, their
peculiar psychology,
indiosyncracies and
customs. Missionary
4. 4. “Here is all that I
have found about the
 Filipinos” Expecting a
master piece to
follow, the elders
turned the pages,
only to discover the
next three hundred
leaves of the book
black.
5. 5. Perhaps, witting
or unwittingly
Romualdez himself
help start the filling,
but contrary to the
hypothetical
conclusion derived
from story, the
cooperative efforts of
both Filipinos and
foreigners, all working
during the last forty
years, provide us
today with more than
enough chapter-
substance for the
 much-needed starting
volume of Filipino
psychology.
6. 6. • Francis
Lambrecht • Morice
Vanoverbergh
Beldian Fathers
(Northern Mountains)
7. 7. • E. Arsenio
manuel • Yusup M.
Tan • E. Salkiya
Kasman • Mamerto
 Mata • Sixto Orosa
Scholars (Mindanao)
8. 8. E. Arsenio
manuel His
pioneering work with
the peoples of Central
Mindanao as well as
his striving to provide
clear-cut guidelines
and principles by
which such study is to
be undertaken earned
 him the title "Father of
Modern Filipino
Folklore Studies
9. 9. SIXTO Y.
OROSA (1891-1981)
A pioneering
physician, Dr. Sixto Y.
Orosa was the author
of the landmark
Philippine Provincial
Hospital Act.
10. 10. . provides us
sufficient data for
abstracting insight
into the fine ways and
customs of the
Negritoes and the
natives inhabiting the
Mariveles range. C.
Douglas chretien
11. 11. Authorities
12. 12. Old Pioneer
Authors
13. 13. Why is it that
no one has yet written
a definitive book on
Filipino psychology?
Question:
14. 14. The phrase
“Psychology of the
Filipinos” when used
a title of the treatise
must necessarily be
taken to imply a
dissertation written on
 behavioral
characteristics
applicable to all the
natives or at least to a
greater majority of the
population inhabiting
the country.
15. 15. 1. The
researcher may easily
make the mistake of
assigning a trait
generally found
 among all Filipinos
with the exception of
the Tinguines, and
the tinguianes will find
this either flattering or
insulting; The Three
possible kinds of
imprudences
16. 16. 2. The Scholar
may, upon being
constantly faced with
exceptional groups,
give up the whole
study in exasperation
and for reasons of
inconsistency; 3. The
writer may, in a mood
of irritation, eliminate
the exceptional
groups entirely and
present us with the
psychology of the
Filipino people minus
the Aetas, the
 Tagbanuas and the
Apayaos.
17. 17. Nevertheless,
it should also be
claimed that If a
compilation of so
called Filipino
behavioral traits were
to be made, a
majority of the
attributes listed would
be prove generally
true of many races
and it is the distinct
customs and pelicular
modes of thinking
found among such
isolated groups as the
kalingas, the tausugs
and the Ilongos that
would precisely prove
of greater value in the
differential study of
Filipino psychology.
18. 18. “The
Psychologies of the
Filipinos” instead of
“The Psychology of
the Filipinos”
19. 19. 1. Native 2.
Dominatly native but
colored by foreign
influences, and 3.
Dominantly foreign
adapted characteristis
or traits. Social traits
20. 20. THANK YOU!
:D Submitted to: Prof.
Agnes Montalbo Rizal
Technological
University
Filipino psychology concepts and methods

1. 1. Filipino
Psychology Concepts
and Methods Robert
E. Javier Jr., PhD
Associate Professor
Department of
PsychologyDe La
Salle University -
Manila
2. 2. It is an
Indigenous
Psychology The
scientific study of the
ethnicity, society and
culture of a people
and the application to
psychological practice
of indigenous
knowledge rooted in
the people’s ethnic
heritage and
consciousness.
Virgilio G. Enriquez
(1994).
Pagbabangong-
Dangal: Indigenous
PsychologyWhat is
Filipino Psychology?
& Cultural
Empowerment.
Akademya ng Kultura
at Sikolohiyang
Pilipino: Lungsod ng
Quezon.
3. 3. Sikolohiyang
Pilipino Filipino
Psychology Virgilio G.
Enriquez (1976) in
Sikolohiyang Pilipino:
Teorya, metodo at
gamit. Rogelia Pe-
Pua (Ed.) (1989)
University of the
Philippines Press:
Quezon City.
Sikolohiya ng mga
 Pilipino Psychology of
Filipinos Sikolohiya
sa Pilipinas
Psychology in the
PhilippinesDistinctio
ns among the forms
of Psychology in the
Philippines
4. 4. Psychology in
the Philippines refers
to a series of events
related to the field of
psychology in the
Philippines. (e.g.
number of degree
programs and
journals, the amount
of research
conducted) ang
pinakamalaki o
kabuuang anyo ng
sikolohiya sa
kontekstong
 Pilipino.Sikolohiya
sa Pilipinas
5. 5. Psychology of
Filipinos refers to any
theories or knowledge
of Filipino nature
regardless of source,
Western or local
palasak na anyo
sapagkat
pinakakaraniwan o
madaling
 makita.Sikolohiya ng
mga Pilipino
6. 6. Filipino
Psychology refers to
a psychology based
on the Filipino’s true
thoughts, feelings,
behaviors and must
derive from
indigenous Filipino
sources, language,
and methods.
 nilalayong anyo,
sikolohiyang bunga
ng karanasan,
kaisipan at
oryentasyong
PilipinoSikolohiyang
Pilipino
7. 7. Limits of Western
Concepts & Issue
Applicability of the
Western theories and
principles taught as
well as the research
concepts and
methods used in the
Philippine setting.
Timothy Church
(1985) in Indigenous
Psychology: A Book
of Readings. V.G.
Enriquez (Ed.)
Akademya ng
Sikolohiyang Pilipino:
 Quezon
City.Methods
8. 8. Limits of Western
Concepts & The
limits of Western
social research
methods in rural
Philippines: The need
for innovation Gloria
D. Feliciano (1965) in
Sikolohiyang Pilipino:
Teorya, Metodo at
 Gamit. Rogelia Pe-
Pua (Ed.) (1989)
University of the
Philippines Press:
Quezon
City.Methods
9. 9. Limits of Western
Concepts & The
limits of applicability
of Western concepts,
values and methods
in the social sciences
to the concrete
realities of Asian
societies. Augusto C.
Espiritu (1968) in
Indigenous
Psychology: A Book
of Readings. V.G.
Enriquez (Ed.) (1990)
Akademya ng
Sikolohiyang Pilipino:
Quezon
City.Methods
10. 10. Principal
emphasis in
psychology Identity
and national
consciousness Social
awareness and
involvement
Psychology of
language and culture
ApplicationsSikolohi
yang Pilipino from a
movement to an
academic discipline &
bases of Filipino
psychology (health
practices, agriculture,
art, religion) Virgilio
G. Enriquez (1992).
From colonial to
liberation psychology:
The Philippine
experience.
University of the
Philippines Press. QC
11. 11. It is against a
psychology that
perpetuates the
colonial status of the
Filipino mind a
psychology used for
the exploitation of the
masses the
imposition of
psychologies
developed in foreign
countriesPrimary
 areas of protests of
Sikolohiyang Pilipino
12. 12. On
psychological practice
conceptualization of
psychological practice
in a Philippine context
(industriya vs.
kabuhayan; klinika vs.
kalusugan)
concerned with folk
practices, indigenous
 techniques of healing,
popular religio-
political
movementsPositions
of Sikolohiyang
Pilipino
13. 13. On Science –
Humanism issue
utilizes scientific
methodology in the
study of psychological
phenomena
concerned not only
with the universal
validity of
psychological science
but also in utilizing
such for the purpose
of serving the interest
of all mankind,
affording protection to
the
disadvantagedPositi
 ons of Sikolohiyang
Pilipino
14. 14. On Mentalism
- Behaviorism issue
uses both
phenomenologicalP
ositions of
Sikolohiyang Pilipino
& behavioristic
concepts, but lesser
emphasis on
individual experience
 and greater emphasis
on the collective
experience attaches
greater importance to
kamalayan,
subsidiary importance
to ulirat
15. 15. On Analysis –
Wholeness Issue
methodologically
leans on the side of
analysis but interprets
 the result of analysis
with a bias for
wholeness (social
context, political
implications, cultural
meaning of the
study)Positions of
Sikolohiyang Pilipino
16. 16. Metaphor
Sikolohiyang Pilipino
can be explained
through a metaphor:
 (a characteristic way
of clarifying concepts)
– difference between
tao sa bahay (person
in the house) and
taong-bahay (house
person).Sikolohiyan
g Pilipino is a ‘taong-
bahay’
17. 17. for example:
psychological
problems are the
same anywhere
however, the sources
of such problems
differ greatly for the
exercise of care in the
adoption of foreign
theories… “uncritical
rejection is just as
dangerous as
uncritical acceptance
of Western
 theories”Sikolohiyan
g Pilipino is a call
18. 18. Psycho-
medical system:
Religion - cohesive
element and
explanation. Zeus A.
Salazar (1981) in
Sikolohiyang Pilipino:
Isyu, pananaw, at
kaalaman. Allen
Aganon at Ma.
Assumpta David
(1985). National
Bookstore, Inc.:
Manila. Ethnic
psychology:
Indigenous
psychology
Academic-
philosophical
psychology: Clergy
Academic-scientific
psychology:
 WesternLines of
filiations in Philippine
psychological thought
19. 19. Academic-
philosophical
psychology:
Thomistic philosophy
and psychology
University of Santo
Tomas (1611)
Academic-scientific
psychology: Wilhelm
 Wundt, the German
tradition University of
the Philippines (1908)
and other American
traditional
schoolsPsychology:
the Western tradition
20. 20. Psychology
Indigenous
psychology:
kinagisnan and
katutubong
sikolohiya.Ethnic
psychology Native
psychological thought
The practice of
psychology by
Filipinos – techniques
of enculturation,
socialization.of
Filipinos - perceived
ethnic traits, as
observed by
foreigners or as felt
 and expressed by
Filipinos.
21. 21. Kinagisnang
sikolohiya the
subconscious
psychology imbedded
in the native
language, art, music,
culture and religion
(one has been born
into; unaware). e.g.
kaluluwa at ginhawa
Zeus A. Salazar
(1977) in
Sikolohiyang Pilipino:
Teorya, metodo, at
gamit. Rogelia Pe-
Pua (Ed.) (1989).
University of the
Philippines Press:
Quezon
City.Psychology: the
Filipino traditionEthnic
psychology
22. 22. Katutubong
sikolohiya psychology
worked out by
Filipinos with
indigenous elements
as basis (innate to the
Filipino) e.g. Kartilya
of the Katipunan,
Jose Rizal, Hermano
Pule, Isabelo de los
Reyes. Katutubong
sikolohiya and
 Kinagisnang
sikolohiya constitute
Katutubong
sikolohiyaPsycholog
y: the Filipino
traditionEthnic
psychology
23. 23. Psychology of
Filipinos- based on
mainly Western
system of thought
e.g. Spanish:
Pigafetta’s quite
objective observation
of the Filipinos in the
Visayas (impressed
by them); American:
Worcester’s view of
the Filipinos as
distinct ethnic groups
different from one
another as Christian
and non-Christian
(pagans and
 Moros).Psychology:
the Filipino
traditionEthnic
psychology
24. 24. Practice of
psychology by
Filipinos: a.
indigenous
techniques of
enculturation/
socialization, e.g.
myths for social
control, or as affected
by Christianity or
Islam. b. proto-clinical
practice, e.g.
tagapayo,
manghuhula, ancient
techniques of group
therapy that are still
present (alternating
chants during wakes,
poetry,
consensus).Psychol
 ogy: the Filipino
traditionEthnic
psychology
25. 25. Ethnic
psychology Psycho-
medical system:
religion as cohesive
element and
explanation. (1565)
Babaylan or
Catalonan techniques
of healing; disease
 theory, causation,
therapy. (1650)
Messianic
movements (1730)
Herbolaryo (1900)
EspiritistaPsycholog
y: the Filipino tradition
26. 26. Filipino
Language use as a
tool for
identifying/rediscoveri
ng indigenous
 concepts e.g. study of
diwa (psyche), refers
to the wealth of ideas
implied by the
philosophical concept
of “essence”Filipino
psychological
knowledge
27. 27. Filipino
Language“Enriquez
does his theorizing in
Filipino anddoes his
writing in Pilipino;
merely as a
heuristicdevice, a
discovery
procedure… returning
to the‘deep structure’
of the language…
Enriquezworked in an
area where Filipinos
are mostadept, where
the language has a
rich vocabularyof
 feeling and
sentiment.”Andrew B.
Gonzales (1982) in
Indigenous
Psychology: A book
of readings.V.G.
Enriquez (Ed.)
Akademya ng
Sikolohiyang Pilipino:
Quezon City.
28. 28. Methods:
Ethnography,
Language Analysis,
Semantics,
Introspection
Language provided
the instrument to
refine the tools of
research so as to
discover categories
and subcategories
which would be lost to
a Western English-
speaking
 researcher…Langua
ge, a Heuristic Tool
29. 29. Filipino, the
Philippine lingua
francaThe issue of
national language has
long beenresolved by
the Filipino masses
through theiruse and
propagation of a
language based on
theManila lingua
franca, Manila being
the seat
ofgovernment, the
business hub, melting
pot,center of
history.Virgilio G.
Enriquez & Elizabeth
P. Marcelino (1984).
Neo-colonial
politicsand language
struggle in the
Philippines.
 Akademya ng
SikolohiyangPilipino:
Quezon City.
30. 30. Language &
Social interaction
expressing our
System of
communication
summing-up our lived
experiencesKnowled
ge Spoken language
from bodily gestures
 to linguistic acts
specialized speech
apparatus primary
medium of
communicationthoug
hts and feelings
31. 31. Thinking &
Interdependence of
knowledgeLanguage
& Language is not a
neutral system of
signs nor is it value-
 free, i.e. it is partisan
to the values,
perspectives, and
rules of cognition of a
particular class or
societylanguage, i.e.
the thinking process
cannot work
independently of
language
32. 32. Indigenous
language, genuine
vehicle of the
innermost thoughts
and intimate feelings
of a people bound by
a common historical
heritage and a
specific socio-
economic-cultural
environment.
Specific historical
features and socio-
economic- cultural
 conditions shape the
thinking and language
of a people, giving
distinctive meanings
and value judgments
to their
words.Language,
history, and socio-
economic-cultural life
33. 33. These
concepts lay the
foundation for the
formation of
indigenous
psychological
theories and models
of analysis that
correspond more fully
to the realities of the
life and culture of a
society. The
formation of
psychological
concepts is the more
 important stage in the
entire process of
understanding human
behavior.Psychologi
cal concepts and
human behavior
34. 34. The meaning
changes because of
the use of affixes
(suffixes, prefixes,
infixes, postfixes)
paki, mang, mapa,
ika, ipang, ma, ka,
maka Zeus A.
Salazar (1981) in
Sikolohiyang Pilipino:
Isyu, pananaw, at
kaalaman. Allen
Aganon at Ma.
Assumpta David
(1985). National
Bookstore, Inc.:
Manila System of
affixation in the
 Filipino language a
resource for
terminology
developmentDevelo
pment of technical
terminology in Filipino
Psychology
35. 35. Grammatical
translation (saling-
panggramatika) social
interaction –
interaksyong sosyal
Surface assimilation
(saling-paimbabaw)
reinforcement -
reimporsment Direct
borrowing (saling-
angkat) perception (L)
persepsyon
psicologia (S)
sikolohiyaDevelopm
ent of technical
terminology in Filipino
Psychology
36. 36. Abbreviated
words (salitang
daglat) STM short
term memory PUP
Panukat ng Ugali at
Pagkatao Word
invention (salitang
likha) masturbation –
mag-isang
pagpaparaos Loan
translation (saling-
hiram) defense
 mechanism
mekanismong
pananggalangDevel
opment of technical
terminology in Filipino
Psychology
37. 37. Amalgamated
translation (salitang
sanib) mahay
(Cebuano),
nagmamahay
Indigenous-concept
 oriented translation
(salitang taal) kapwa:
hindi ibang-tao,
ibang-tao Parallel
translation (salitang-
tapat) relationship =
pakikisalamuhaDeve
lopment of technical
terminology in Filipino
Psychology
38. 38. Labeling
(pagbibinyag) utang-
na-loob - reciprocity
hiya - shame
pakikisama -
comradeship
Superficial
assimilation
(paimbabaw na
asimilasyon)
reinforcement –
gantimpala, ‘may
napala’ Foreign
concepts (konseptong
 banyaga) home for
the
agedDevelopment of
technical terminology
in Filipino Psychology
Categorization of
words and concepts
39. 39. Indigenous
concepts (katutubong
konsepto) saling-pusa
(informal member)
pagka-pikon (to be
peeved) Semantic
delimitation
(pagtatakda) gunita –
recall, alaala –
memory personality is
personalidad not
pagkatao Semantic
indigenization (pag-
aandukha)
paniniyansing,
tambayan (stand
by)Development of
 technical terminology
in Filipino Psychology
Categorization of
words and concepts
40. 40. Eig The
Filipino language
provides a conceptual
distinction in several
levels and modes of
social interaction
(antas ng
pagtutunguhan).Kap
wa, a core concept in
Filipino Psychologyht
behaviorally
recognizable levels
under two general
categories in Filipino
were identified
(ibang-tao; hindi
ibang-tao). Carmen
E. Santiago and
Virgilio G. Enriquez
(1976) in
 Sikolohiyang Pilipino:
Teorya, metodo at
gamit. Rogelia Pe-
Pua (Ed.) (1989)
University of the
Philippines Press:
Quezon City.
41. 41. Hindi ibang-
tao (one-of-us)
pakikipagpalagayang-
loob (mutual trust)
pakikisangkot (getting
involved) pakikiisa
(full trust, oneness,
fusion) Ibang-tao
(outsider) pakikitungo
(amenities, civility)
pakikisalimuha
(‘mixing’) pakikilahok
(joining, participating)
pakikibagay
(conforming)
pakikisama
(adjusting)Kapwa, a
 core concept in
Filipino Psychology
42. 42. Kapwa in
Filipino a recognition
of shared identity an
inner self shared with
others the ‘ako’ (ego)
and the ‘iba sa akin’
(others) are one and
the same in kapwa
psychology Kapwa
(English: both, fellow
 being, others) others
is used in opposition
to the ‘self’ implies
the recognition of the
‘self’ ‘self’ as a
separate
identityKapwa, the
shared inner self
43. 43.
Pakikipagkapwa,
more theoretically
fertile concept when
analyzed
semantically; much
deeper and profound
in its implications as it
means accepting and
dealing with the other
person as an equal.
Pakikitungo,
pakikipagkapwa are
mutually replaceable
in taxonomic analysis,
either covers the
 entire lexical
domain.Kapwa, a
core concept in
Filipino Psychology
44. 44. an active
process involving
great care and
deliberation
manifested in
‘hesitation to react,
inattention to subtle
cues, and non-verbal
behavior in mental
role-playing Rita H.
Mataragnon (1987) in
From colonial to
liberation psychology:
The Philippine
Experience. Virgilio
G. Enriquez (Ed)
(1992) UP Press. a
kind of emotional a
priori ‘feeling for
another’ refers to
 heightened
awareness,
sensitivityPakikiramd
am: the pivotal aspect
of kapwa
45. 45. The centrality
of pakiramdam in
behavioral and
interpersonal
domains: biro-
lambing-tampo. The
improvisatory
character of
pakikiramdam is
operative in bahala
na lakas ng loob,
pakikibaka
Pakiramdam is
necessarily tied to the
operation of all
Filipino surface
values: pakikisama,
hiya, utang na
loobPakikiramdam:
 the pivotal aspect of
kapwa
46. 46. pagka-
Pilipino (Filipino
identity) Mario San
Buenaventura (1983)
in Sikolohiyang
Pilipino: Isyu,
pananaw, at
kaalaman. Allen
Aganon at Ma.
Assumpta David
(1985). National
Bookstore, Inc.:
Manila pagka-
agham (science)
pagsasakatutubo
(indigenization)The
Development of
Sikolohiyang Pilipino
Knowledge Major
goals of Sikolohiyang
Pilipino
47. 47. creation of
authentic and
appropriate social
scientific psychology
Steven Rood (1985)
in Sikolohiyang
Pilipino: Isyu,
pananaw, at
kaalaman. Allen
Aganon at Ma.
Assumpta David
(1985). National
Bookstore, Inc.:
Manila utilization of
indigenous research
methods
development of
indigenous
psychological
conceptsThe
Development of
Sikolohiyang Pilipino
Knowledge The
 project of
Sikolohiyang Pilipino
48. 48. Indigenous –
seek to enhance
awareness as one-
with-the-other
Participatory –
negotiate issues
jointly as they arise
Survey – conform to
an informal
agreement with
 respondents
Experimental -
adherence to
predetermined set of
proceduresResearch
Approaches
49. 49. Sikolohiyang
Pilipino utilizes and
borrows concepts
from both the modern
and traditional cultural
systems. Cross-
 Indigenous
Psychology fuses the
modern and the
traditional i.e. using
scientific methods
and ensuring that
they are culturally
appropriate.Indigeno
us Research
50. 50. Approaches in
the development &
Indigenization from
 without basis: the
exogenous direction:
inwards culture-as-
target Indigenization
from within basis: the
indigenous direction:
outwards culture-as-
sourceutilization of
indigenous viewpoints
51. 51. Culture
assimilation
indigenous versions
 of imported systems
Indigenization as
strategy Theoretic
indigenization
Content
indigenization
translation of
imported
materialsIndigenizati
on from without
52. 52.
Application/use
Systematization/expli
cation of implied
theoretical
frameworks
Indigenous
codification re-
codification
Semantic
elaboration
Identification of
indigenous concepts,
methods,
 theoriesIndigenizatio
n from within
53. 53. Indigenization
from within
necessarily implies
the need for cultural
revalidation a
demand for concepts
and methods which
are culturally
appropriate,
scientifically
 validUsing the
culture as source
54. 54. Law Cuisine
adobo, bistik,
dinuguan at puto,
halo-halo Leisure
laro, laruan, palaro
(patintero, sipa,
piko) Language
ethnolingguistic
groups, multilingual
peopleTraditional
 Filipino indigenous
psychology and
culture
55. 55. Religion
belief in a supreme
being (Batlaya)
respect for nature
(spirits dwell in
nature) reverence for
ancestry (bulol, anito,
ninuno)Traditional
Filipino indigenous
 psychology and
culture
56. 56. Religion
underscores the
importance of
establishing close
interpersonal
relations with one’s
family, relatives and
fellowmen (kapwa)
highly-developed
sense of values:
 courage, cleanliness,
courtesy, control and
the familyTraditional
Filipino indigenous
psychology and
culture
57. 57. Religion
indigenous morality:
profound concept of
pagkamakatao
babaylan (priestess),
dambana (shrine)
 rituals and symbols
for good (benevolent
diwata) and evil
(malevolent
aswang)Traditional
Filipino indigenous
psychology and
culture
58. 58. Misa, mesa,
mamimista, mamimis
kita Foreign words
subsumed in the
structure of the
Filipino language
Manuscripts,
memories, mummies
lost bell of Balangica,
baybayin (alibata),
burial grounds in
SagadaTraditional
Filipino indigenous
psychology and
culture
59. 59. Theater and
Film: Fernando Poe
Jr. Tagalog movies
shown in theaters
from Batanes to Jolo
Literature: Francisco
Balagtas, Ka Amado
Names: Sinag
Liwayway (T), Dawani
Paros (B), Janatyan
Ahaddas (Y), Hamili
Ayo (C), Sudi Amor
 (I)Traditional Filipino
indigenous
psychology and
culture
60. 60. Medicine
lason vs. gamot,
synthetic pesticides
have gone semantic
transformation- result
of massive promotion
during the Marcos’
Green Revolution
project herbal
medicine, medicinal
plants, hilot, concepts
attributing illness to
displaced organs that
have to be massaged
back into its correct
positionTraditional
Filipino indigenous
psychology and
culture
61. 61. Rituals and
Ceremonies: agimat
(talisman), mutya
(charm), Music and
Arts: Sarong Banggi
(B), Ati Cu Pung
Singsing (P),
Pamulinawen (I),
Pobreng Alindahaw
(C), Dandansoy (H),
Salidumay (S); Kulilal
Ensemble of
Palawan, Kutyapi
Artists of
MaguindanaoTraditi
onal Filipino
indigenous
psychology and
culture gayuma
(spell), anting-anting
(amulet); bulong
(whisper); sapi (spirit
possession)
62. 62. Methods:
doing diagnosis
psychodiagnostician
determine culturally-
defined cause of
affliction through
patawas,
pagbatbat/pag-usisa,
pagpakot, pamulso.
beliefs in sapi,
matanda, nuno,
dwende.Traditional
 Filipino indigenous
psychology and
culture
63. 63. Meanings:
Hiyang – (compatible,
suited) in indigenous
medical practice, it
means compatibility
of the treatment and
medicine with the
individual. Lagnat laki
(‘growing-up’ fever);
 Lugaw is perceived
as ‘food for the
sick’Traditional
Filipino indigenous
psychology and
culture
64. 64. Herbal
knowledge e.g. pito-
pito, herbal tea from
seven leaves:
bayabas, banaba,
alagao, kulantro,
mango, pandan – use
to detoxify the body.
Genetic diversity of
indigenous plants e.g.
varieties of rice grains
nurtured through
centuries by
indigenous
peopleTraditional
Filipino indigenous
psychology and
culture
65. 65. Perspectival
and Interpretive
Models absolutist
position - assumes
the basic congruence
of psychological
phenomena across
humankind relativist
position – assumes
differences across
cultures, if not the
uniqueness of each
 onePhilippine
cultural studies
66. 66. Philippine
cultural
studiespangkami
(reactive relativist),
assumes the utilityof
an alien frame of
referencepantayong
pananaw
(ethnocentric),
assumes
 theabsolutist
indigenous
perspectiveuniversali
st position implied by
the kapwa andcross
indigenous orientation
of
SikolohiyangPilipino
67. 67. Universalist
position assumes that
basic psychological
processes are likely
 to be common
features of human life
everywhere, yet their
manifestations are
likely to be influenced
by culturePhilippine
cultural studies
68. 68. Etic approach
(phonetic) the
discovery of
psychological
universal Emic
 approach (phonemic)
the need to
understand a culture
from its own
perspective (using
natural
taxonomies)Philippin
e cultural studies
69. 69. Filipino
intellectual traditions:
the Ma’aram, si
Pilosopong Tasyo
The West does not
have a monopoly of
scientific standards,
in fact science
evolved from Eastern
intellectual traditions
Philosophical
traditions and
paradigms of science
as neither Eastern
nor WesternFilipino
intellectual tradition
70. 70. Levels of
validity Filipino
philosophy of science
incorporates the
demands of empirical
validation from
reliability and validity
to affirmability and
authenticity.Filipino
intellectual tradition &
scientific standards
katatagan
 (replicability,
reliability) katapatan
(multiple
operationism, validity)
patibay (certification)
patotoo (affirmability,
attestability) patunay
(authenticity)
71. 71. Filipino
concepts and models
of personality The five
elements of the
 Ma’aram concept of
pagkatawo
(personhood):
ginhawa (vital
principle) buot
(perception) isip
(mind) dungan (sleep
spirit) kalag (life
spirit)Filipino
indigenous theories
72. 72. Filipino
concepts and models
 of personality Three
elements in Baltazar’s
model: bait (sanity)
muni (reflection) hatol
(judgment)Filipino
indigenous theories
73. 73. Filipino
concepts and models
of personality The
four elements in
Covar’s concept of
Filipino personhood:
 kaluluwa (spirit) budhi
(conscience)
katauhang panlabas,
external appearance
katauhang panloob
(innermost
being)Filipino
indigenous theories
74. 74. Kapwa, a
core concept in
Filipino social
psychology.
Pakikipagkapwa is
accepting, dealing
with the other person
as an equal. Filipino
social interaction
theory Levels and
modes of social
interaction rooted in
Filipino collectivist
culture which have
been identified using
ethnoscientific field
 methods.Filipino
indigenous theories
75. 75. Filipino
concept of justice
Tagalog, Ilongos,
Cebuanos,
Pampangos use a
common word for
justice, katarungan,
derived from the
Visayan root tarong
means straight,
upright, appropriate,
correct, and for right,
we use karapatan,
whose root is dapat
signifying fitting,
appropriate, correct
i.e. justice is related
to right Jose W.
Diokno (1983) in
Sikolohiyang Pilipino:
Isyu, pananaw, at
kaalaman. Allen
 Aganon at Ma.
Assumpta David
(1985). National
Bookstore, Inc.:
ManilaFilipino
indigenous concepts
76. 76. Models of
data collection Self-
orientation
Experimenter-
orientation Reactive-
orientation Mutual-
orientation Linda L.
Viney (1988) in
Pagbabangong-
dangal: Indigenous
psychology and
cultural
empowerment. Virgilo
G. Enriquez (Ed.)
1994. Akademya ng
Sikolohiyang Pilipino.
Quezon
 City.Research
Models
77. 77. Models of
data collection Self-
orientation Model: the
data collector and
contributors relate to
the other only to the
extent of waiting until
the other stops
responding, e.g.
laboratory-based
 studies of memory.
Communication is not
taking place between
them through socially
shared interpretations
or common
constructs.Research
Models
78. 78. Models of
data collection
Experimenter-
orientation Model: the
data collectors
appear to influence
while only the data
contributors appear to
be influenced, e.g.
Asch’s person
perception study; an
imbalance of power in
favor of data
collectors who appear
to define the
experimental
 situation.Research
Models
79. 79. Models of
data collection
Reactive-orientation
Model: the
participants in the
data collection are
reacting to what is
currently taking place
between them, e.g.
verbal conditioning
 research; yet the
capacities of both
data contributors and
collectors to construe
are assumed to be
unimportant and are
ignored.Research
Models
80. 80. Models of
data collection
Mutual-orientation
Model: the data
collector and
contributor give
something to, and
gain something from
the data collection,
e.g. Piaget’s early
research on
conservation.
Indigenous
psychology research
uses this model as
the cultural
 researcher is a
culture bearer
himself.Research
Models
81. 81. Scale of the
Relationship or
Interaction between
the Researcher and
the Researchee
Iskala ng
Pagtutunguhan ng
Mananaliksik at
Kalahok Carmen E.
Santiago Scale of
the Researcher Iskala
ng
MananaliksikResear
ch
ModelsResearcher-
Researchee
Relationship Model &
Virgilio G. Enriquez
(1975) in
Sikolohiyang Pilipino:
 Teorya, metodo, at
gamit. Rogelia E. Pe-
Pua (Ed.). UP Press.
82. 82. Scale of the
Researcher Iskala ng
Mananaliksik These
are methods used by
the researcher in
generating data that
are tried and tested
and are culturally
sensitive and
 appropriate in doing
research with
Filipinos.Santiago-
Enriquez Research
ModelResearcher-
Researchee
Relationship Model
83. 83. Scale of the
Relationship or
Interaction between
the Researcher and
the Researchee
Iskala ng
Pagtutunguhan ng
Mananaliksik at
Kalahok The level of
interaction between
the researcher and
the researchee
significantly
determines the quality
of data
obtained.Santiago-
Enriquez Research
 ModelResearcher-
Researchee
Relationship Model
84. 84. Levels of
Relationship There
are eight levels of
interaction which
range from the
relatively uninvolved
civility of pakikitungo
to the total sense of
identification in
pakikiisa. These eight
levels of interaction
can be divided into
two categories: the
ibang-tao (outsider)
and the hindi ibang-
tao (one-of-
us).Santiago-
Enriquez Research
ModelResearcher-
Researchee
Relationship Model
85. 85. Levels of
Relationship Ibang-
tao category
(outsider) pakikitungo
(amenities, civility)
pakikisalimuha
(interaction)
pakikilahok
(participation, joining)
pakikibagay
(conforming)
pakikisama
 (adjusting, being
along with)Santiago-
Enriquez Research
ModelResearcher-
Researchee
Relationship Model
86. 86. Levels of
Relationship Hindi
ibang-tao category
(one-of-us)
pakikipagpalagayang-
loob (mutual trust)
 pakikisangkot (active
involvement) pakikiisa
(full trust)Santiago-
Enriquez Research
ModelResearcher-
Researchee
Relationship Model
87. 87. puts premium
on: cultural
appropriateness an
ordinary get-together
partakes of the
 characteristics of: a
community dialogue
focused group
discussion natural
cluster interview
group
attestationFilipino
indigenous research
methods Collective
indigenous method
88. 88. Filipino
indigenous research
methods Approaches
& Pagdalaw-dalaw
(casual but repeated
visits) Pakikisangkot
(integral
involvement)
Pakikilahok
(participation)
Pakikialam
(concerned
interference)
Pakikiramdam
 (shared sensitivities)
Pagtatanong-tanong
(asking questions)
Pakapa-kapa
(‘groping,’ a field
method)Techniques
89. 89. Pakapa-kapa
an approach
characterized by
groping, searching,
probing into an
unsystematized mass
of social and cultural
data to be able to
obtain order,
meaning, and
directions for
research. Carmen E.
Santiago (1975) in
Sikolohiyang Pilipino:
Teorya, metodo, at
gamit. Rogelia R. Pe-
Pua (Ed.) (1989) UP
Press Amaryllis T.
 Torres in
Sikolohiyang Pilipino:
Teorya, metodo, at
gamit. Rogelia R. Pe-
Pua (Ed.) (1989) UP
PressSikolohiyang
Pilipino research
approaches and
techniques
90. 90. can be
related to unobtrusive
techniques because
the actual procedures
for collecting
information may
range from
observation,
documentation,
intervention,
participation. implies
an exploration into
cultural, social or
psychological data
without the chains of
 overriding theoretical
framework borrowed
from observations
outside the focus of
investigation.Sikoloh
iyang Pilipino
research approaches
and techniques
Pakapa-kapa
91. 91. interaction
techniques, levels of
relationship mula
paninimbang
hanggang
malalimang
pakikipagpalagayang-
loob. Erlinda Nicdao-
Henson (1977) in
Sikolohiyang Pilipino:
Teorya, metodo, at
gamit. Rogelia R. Pe-
Pua (Ed.) (1989). UP
Press: QC. Josefina
B. San
JuanSikolohiyang
Pilipino research
approaches and
techniques
Panunuluyan
approach &
Resurrecion Soriaga
(1985) in
Sikolohiyang Pilipino:
Isyu, pananaw, at
kaalaman. Allen
Aganon & Ma.
 Assumpta David (Ed.)
(1985) National
Bookstore Inc.:
Manila.
92. 92.
Pakikipagkapwa: ang
batayang panlipunan
ng pakikipanuluyan.
Panunuluyan: ang
kontekstong pisikal at
teknolohikal.Sikolohi
yang Pilipino
 research approaches
and techniques
Panunuluyan
approach
93. 93.
Pakikiramdam at
paninimbang: paraan
at batayan ng
pakikipagpalagayang-
loob. Pakikibagay:
pakikitulog at
pakikikain.
 Makataong pakikipag-
ugnayan: pagdalaw,
paninirahan,
pananahanan,
pakikisuno.Sikolohiy
ang Pilipino research
approaches and
techniques
Panunuluyan
approach
94. 94.
Pakikiramdam,
paggamit ng
damdamin, mata at
pandinig upang
maintindihan o
mabasa ang ibig
ipahiwatig ng kausap
na ipinahahayag sa
pamamagitan ng
kilos, parinig at
matalinhagang salita
(talas ng
pakiramdam).Sikolo
 hiyang Pilipino
research approaches
and techniques
Panunuluyan
approach
95. 95.
Pakikiramdam could
serve as a personality
disposition, as a
situational behavior,
as a coping
mechanism; closely
related to many
general psychological
concepts such as
empathy and
sensitivity. Rita
Mataragnon (1982) in
Sikolohiyang Pilipino:
Isyu, pananaw, at
kaalaman. Allen
Aganon and Ma.
Assumpta David (Ed.)
(1985). National
 Bookstore Inc.:
ManilaSikolohiyang
Pilipino research
approaches and
techniques
Panunuluyan
approach
96. 96. Paninimbang:
damdamin at isipan
(sentido komon) ang
pinaiiral dito at
anuman ang
namasid, nadama, o
napakiramdaman ay
aangkupan ng
tugong-kilos, subalit
iniisip ang
kahalagahan at
kabutihang
maidudulot ng
katugunang ito
(pagtutumbas).Sikol
ohiyang Pilipino
research approaches
 and techniques
Panunuluyan
approach
97. 97. Pamamaraan
panimulang
pagsasanay
paglalakbay at
pakikisuno paghimpil
sa pook pagtingin-
tingin sa maaaring
panuluyan paghanap
ng tulay pagdalaw sa
 pakikipanuluyanSiko
lohiyang Pilipino
research approaches
and techniques
Panunuluyan
approach
98. 98.
Pagsasakatuparan
pagbati at
pagpapakilala pag-
aayos ng mga dala-
dalahan
pakikipagpalagayan
pagtulong-tulong
pagpalit-palitang
paggamit ng mga
metodo paggawa ng
pananaliksik
pamamaalam at
pasasalamatSikolohi
yang Pilipino
research approaches
and
 techniquesPanunuluy
an approach
99. 99. Suliraning
etikal pagsasabi ng
layunin ng
pananaliksik
pagkasangkapan sa
pagkakaibigan
pagsasabi sa
kinalabasan ng
pananaliksik paghingi
ng pahintulot
 pagtanaw ng utang
na
loob/pamemerwisyo
pagbubunyag ng
natuklasang
katiwalianSikolohiya
ng Pilipino research
approaches and
techniquesPanunuluy
an approach
100. 100. Rogelia R.
Pe-Pua (1989).
International Journal
of Intercultural
Relations, Vol. 13, pp
147-163. Pergamon
Press: USA
Pagtatanong-tanong,
Filipino word for
“asking questions,”
the repetition of
‘tanong’ to ‘tanong-
tanong’ indicates
seriousness of
 purpose, one is truly
determined to get
answers to ones
questions.Sikolohiya
ng Pilipino research
approaches and
techniques
Pagtatanong-tanong
Method
101. 101. Sikolohiyang
Pilipino research
approaches and
 techniquesPagtatano
ng-tanong
MethodMajor
Characteristics –
Participatory in nature
– Equality of status –
Appropriate and
adaptive – Integrated
with other indigenous
methods
102. 102. Preparation:
pagtatanong-tanong
is part of everyday
casual interaction,
researcher must plan
very well for certain
conditions, consider
convenience and
comfort of informants,
their language,
norms, values, and
background (history,
within/between group
differences, activities,
 policies).Sikolohiyan
g Pilipino research
approaches and
techniques
Pagtatanong-tanong
Method
103. 103. Sikolohiyang
Pilipino research
approaches and
techniquesProcedure
of pagtatanong-
tanongGet to know
the people, place,
lifestyleGreet
informants, give
credentials (name the
go- between)Go tell
them the purpose of
the studyGive an
estimate of the
expected length of
the sessionGuide
questions are used
when
 necessaryGoodbye
and thank you is not
abrupt
104. 104. Sikolohiyang
Pilipino research
approaches and
techniquesPrinciples
of pagtatanong-
tanongThe level of
the relationship that
exists betweenthe
researcher and the
 informant
significantlyinfluences
the quality of data
obtained(Santiago-
Enriquez Model).The
language of the
respondent is used in
theconduct of
pagtatanong-tanong.
105. 105. Sikolohiyang
Pilipino research
approaches and
techniquesPrinciples
of pagtatanong-
tanongThe use of
pakikiramdam as
‘feeling for
another’(cultural
sensitivity), through
this the
researcherknows
when to ask or avoid
questions, interpretsa
‘yes’ for a ‘no’.The
 equality of status is
maintained, as it is
adialogue (informant
is a kausap or
personspoken with)
not an interview.
106. 106. Sikolohiyang
Pilipino research
approaches and
techniquesPrinciples
of pagtatanong-
tanongThe issue of
reliability: consistency
of responsecan be
checked by repeating
the question in
adifferent way.The
problem of
investigator bias and
datacontamination
can be solved by
having morethan one
person do the
pagtatanong-tanong.
107. 107. Sikolohiyang
Pilipino research
approaches and
techniquesPrinciples
of pagtatanong-
tanongRepeated
sampling from as
many informants
aspossible can
produce
commonalities of
lexicaldomain which
 can then constitute a
‘construct.’Familiarity
with the language,
values, culturalnorms,
will optimize accuracy
and relevance
ofinterpretations.
108. 108. Sikolohiyang
Pilipino research
approaches and
techniquesPakikipagk
wentuhan
MethodKuwentuhan
is an occasion for
exchange
ofinformation, ideas,
insights, and opinions
also itis a sharing of
beliefs, thoughts,
andexperiences.Robe
rto E. Javier Jr.
(2004).
Methodological
Properties
 ofPakikipagkwentuha
n. DLSU-URCO
Research Project
Report.
109. 109. Sikolohiyang
Pilipino research
approaches and
techniquesPakikipagk
wentuhan
MethodOral
(pasalita)Written
(pasulat)Transmitted
 (pasalin-salin)
through timeRequest
(paki – paghingi ng
pahintulot)
110. 110. Sikolohiyang
Pilipino research
approaches and
techniquesPakikipagk
wentuhan
MethodPakikipagkwe
ntuhan is an informal,
free, as wellas a
social process of
exchanging
information,thoughts,
and knowledge that is
part of humandaily
activities.Grace O.
Oteza (1997).
Pakikipagkwentuhan:
Isang pamamaraan
ng sama-samang
pananaliksik,
pagpapatotoo, at
 pagtulong sa
Sikolohiyang
Pilipino.PPRTH
Occasional Papers
Series 1997, No. 1.
111. 111. invest time
in story sharing
sessions initiate a
conversation when in
a natural cluster
invite yourself to
community
gatherings introduce
yourself to the
community initially
make visits (padalaw-
dalaw) before living-in
the community
(panunuluyan)Sikolo
hiyang Pilipino
research approaches
and
techniquesProcedure
 of
pakikipagkwentuhan
112. 112. Principles of
pakikipagkwentuhan
may pakikipagkapwa
sa kwentuhan may
‘paki’ ang kalahok sa
kwento may
pakinabang sa
kwentuhan libangan
linangan ng kaalaman
lunas sa
 karamdamanSikoloh
iyang Pilipino
research approaches
and techniques
113. 113. Principles of
pakikipagkwentuhan
collective orientation
(pananaliksik na
sama-sama) contains
the process of
validation
(pagpapatotoo)
 construction of social
reality
(pagbSikolohiyang
Pilipino research
approaches and
techniquesubuo)
cluster as unit of
analysis (pagsali sa
likas na umpukan)
114. 114. Principles of
pakikipagkwentuhan
with a topic to talk
about but without a
theme (may pakay
pero walang paksa)
worth or value of
story produced from
the kwentuhan
session (kwenta ng
kwento)Sikolohiyang
Pilipino research
approaches and
techniques
115. 115. Principles of
pakikipagkwentuhan
Validity:
trustworthiness not
truth
(mapagkakatiwalaan
kaysa
makatotohanan)
Reliability:
certification not
consistency (process
of
 pakikipagkwentuhan-
indicator)
(pagpapatotoo,
pagpapatibay)Sikolo
hiyang Pilipino
research approaches
and techniques
116. 116. Ginabayang
Talakayan Method
collective discussion
technique ‘sama-
sama’ orientation
Roberto
GalvezSikolohiyang
Pilipino research
approaches and
techniques
Pantayong pananaw

1. 1. PANTAYONG
PANANAW
2. 2. PANTAYONG
PANANAW AND ITS
FATHER ◆
Pantayong Pananaw
is a discourse within
the indigenous
tradition that was
developed by Dr.
Zeus Salazar. 2
3. 3. Dr. Zeus Salazar
◆A History professor
from the History
Department of
University of the
Philippines Diliman
and considered as
the “Father of
Pantayong
Pananaw”. 3
4. 4. THE CONCEPT
OF “PANTAYONG
PANANAW” ◆It is a
programmatic
discourse developed
as a response to the
westernized
perspective of the
study of Philippine
history and
historiography. ◆It
introduces a
communication-based
theoretical innovation
 that is focused on the
study of Philippine
Historiography. 4
5. 5. EXCERPT
FROM
"PANTAYONG
PANANAW” By: Zeus
A. Salazar 5
6. 6. “Sa lahat ng mga
wikang Filipino, may
mga konseptong
katumbas ng “tayo”.
 “kami”, “sila”, at “tayo”
na tumutukoy sa mga
nagsasalita at lahat
ng kanyang kausap,
kasama kahit na
iyong wala. 6
7. 7. 7
8. 8. 8
9. 9. PANTAYONG
PANANAW ◆It came
from the words
 “pantayo” and
“pananaw”. 9
10. 10. PANTAYONG
PANANAW ◆Tayo
which means “we” the
plural from of the first
person pronoun and
the prefix “pan-”
which means “for”. ◆
While Pananaw
means “perspective”
in English. 10
11. 11. PANTAYONG
PANANAW ◆It is
Understood as a
single term,
Pantayong Pananaw
means “A For-Us
Perspective” or in
modern translation “A
From-us-for-us”. 11
12. 12. 12
13. 13. PANTAYONG
PANANAW ◆Salazar
used “tayo” as basis
for the theoretical
base of the
perspective and not
the pronoun “kami”
because according to
Salazar the refers to
“we-speaking to
others” as opposed to
the former which
means “we speaking
among ourselves”. 13
14. 14. PANTAYONG
PANANAW ◆The
Pantayong Pananaw
introduces a “closed
circuit of interaction” a
context where
discourse is carried
on by and among
Filipinos, without the
inclusion or
interference of
outside participants or
 dominant perspective
who are unwelcoming
to Filipino interests.
14
15. 15. Thank You!
Any questions? 15
16. 16. EVALUATION
◆Who is the Father
of “Pantayong
Pananaw”? ◆What is
Pantayong Pananaw?
◆What is the First
 Translation of
Pantayong Pananaw
to English? ◆What is
the Modern
Translation of
Pantayong Pananaw
to English? 16
17. 17. Credits
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