Answer Key

b. Two chains connected to the load each

Chapter 4 can withstand a tension of 15,000 N.
1. You and your bike have a combined mass Can the load be safely lifted at 1.5 m/s2?
of 80 kg. How much braking force has to Fload 5 Flift 1 Fovercome gravity
be applied to slow you from a velocity of 5 ma 1 mg
5 m/s to a complete stop in 2 s? 5 (1.53103 kg)(1.5 m/s2) 1
vf 2 vi 0.0 m/s 2 5.0 m/s (1.53103 kg)(9.80 m/s2)
a5 } } 5 }}}
tf 2 ti 2.0 s 2 0.0 s
5 2.253103 N 1 1.473104 N
5 2.5 m/s2
5 1.73104 N
F 5 ma
The load can be safely lifted
5 80 kg 3 (22.5 m/s2) because the total force on the
5 2200 N chains is less than their combined
2. Before opening his parachute, a sky diver capability of 3.03104 N
with a mass of 90.0 kg experiences an 4. In a lab experiment, you attach a 2.0-kg
upward force from air resistance of 150 N. weight to a spring scale. You lift the scale
a. What net force is acting on the sky diver? and weight with a constant reading of
Fgravity 5 mg 22.5 N.
a. What is the value and direction of the
5 90.0 kg 3 9.80 m/s2
acceleration on the weight?
5 882 N downward
Fnet 5 Fscale 2 Fgravity
Fnet 5 Fair resistance 1 Fgravity
5 22.5 N 2 (2.0 kg)(9.80 m/s2)
Fnet 5 150 N 1 (2882 N)
5 2.9 N upward
5 2732 N
5 730 N downward m
a 5 }}
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Fnet
b. What is the sky diver’s acceleration?
2.0 kg
F 5 }}
a 5 }net
} 2.9 N
m
5 0.69 m/s2
2730 N
5 }} 5 6.931021 m/s2
90.0 kg
5 28.1 m/s2 b. How far do you lift the weight in the
first 2.0-s interval?
5 8.1 m/s2 downward
1
3. A large helicopter is used to lift a heat df 5 di 1 vit 1 }}at 2
2
pump to the roof of a new building. The
5 0 m 1 (0 m/s)(2.0 s) 1
mass of the helicopter is 5.03103 kg and 1
the mass of the heat pump is 1500 kg. }}(6.931021 m/s2)(2.0 s)2
2
a. How much force must the air exert on 5 1.4 m
the helicopter to lift the heat pump with
an acceleration of 1.5 m/s2? 5. As a large jet flies at a constant altitude,
its engines produce a forward thrust of
Fnet 5 Flift 1 Fovercome gravity
8.43105 N. The mass of the plane is
5 ma 1 mg 2.63105 kg.
5 (6.53103 kg)(1.5 m/s2) 1
(6.53103 kg )(9.80 m/s2)
5 7.33104 N upward

Physics: Principles and Problems Supplemental Problems Answer Key 75

 Answer Key
Chapter 4 continued
a. What is the forward acceleration of the b. How long does it take for the 2.0-kg
plane, ignoring air resistance? mass to fall to the floor?
F 5 ma 1
Solve df 5 di 1 vit 1 }}at 2 for t
2
F
a 5 }} while di 5 0 m, vi 5 0 m/s
m

!}§
8.4310 N 5 2d
5 }} 5 t5 }
2.6310 kg a
5 3.2 m/s2 5 !}§ §
(2)(1.5 m)
} 2
4.2 m /s
b. How much upward force must the air
exert on the plane when it is flying 5 0.85 s
horizontally? 7. A man is standing on a scale inside an
Because the plane is not changing airplane. When the airplane is traveling
altitude, horizontally (in other words, the vertical
Fnet 5 0, so Flift 5 2Fgravity acceleration of the plane is zero) the
Flift 5 2Fgravity scale reads 705.6 N. What is the vertical
acceleration of the plane in each of the
5 2(2.63105 kg)(29.80 m/s2) following situations?
5 2.53106 N a. When the scale reads 950.0 N.
6. Two masses are tied to a rope on a pulley, Fg 5 mg
as shown below.
Fg
m5 }
g
Fnet 5 ma
Frictionless pulley
Fnet 5 Fscale 1 (2Fg)

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

2.0 kg ma 5 Fscale 2 Fg
0.8 kg
Fscale 2 Fg
a 5 }}
m
1.5 m
Fscale 2 Fg
5 }}
F
1}g}g 2
a. When the system is released from this
position, what is the acceleration of the g(Fscale 2 Fg)
5 }}
2.00-kg mass? Fg
Fnet 5 Fg-large 2 Fg-small 1 (9.80 m/s2)(950.0 N 2 705.6 N)
5 }}}}
mlargeg 2 msmallg 705.6 N

5 (2.00 kg)(9.80 m/s2) 2 5 3.39 m/s2

(0.80 kg)(9.80 m/s2) b. When the scale reads 500.0 N.
5 11.8 N downward Fg 5 mg
F Fg
a 5 }} m 5 }}
m g
11.8 N Fnet 5 ma
5 }
2.8 kg
Fnet 5 Fscale 1 (2Fg)
5 4.2 m/s2 downward

76 Supplemental Problems Answer Key Physics: Principles and Problems

 Answer Key
Chapter 4 continued
ma 5 Fscale 2 Fg a. What is the average acceleration on the
Fscale 2 Fg ball as it was struck (in m/s2)?
a 5 }} vf 2 vi
m a 5 }}, where vi 5 0 km/h
t
Fscale 2 Fg
5 }} (1.83102 km/h)1}}21}}2
1000 m 1h
Fg
1 2
}}
g a5 }}}
1 km 3600 s

(0.50 ms)1}}2
1s
g(Fscale 2 Fg) 1000 ms
5 }}
Fg 50 m/s
5 }} 24
5.0310 s
(9.80 m/s2)(500.0 N 2 705.6 N)
5 }}}} 5 1.03105 m/s2
705.6 N
b. What is the force exerted on the club?
5 22.86 m/s2
F 5 ma
8. An airboat glides across the surface of the 1 kg
water on a cushion of air. Perform the 5 (45 g)1}}2 3 (1.03105 m/s2)
1000 g
following calculations for a boat in which
5 4.53103 N
the mass of the boat and passengers is
450 kg. c. What is the force exerted on the club by
a. If there is no friction, how much force the ball?
must the propeller fan exert on the air Fball 5 2Fclub
to accelerate the boat at 5.00 m/s2?
5 24.53103 N
F 5 ma
10. A package of instruments is attached to a
5 (450 kg)(5.00 m/s2) helium-filled weather balloon that exerts an
5 2.23103 N upward force of 45 N.
b. If the actual acceleration with the fan a. If the instrument package weighs 10.0 kg,
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

generating the force calculated in part a will the balloon be able to lift it?
is only 4.95 m/s2, how much friction Flift 5 ma
does the air cushion exert on the boat? F
a 5 }lift
}
afriction 5 aideal 2 aactual m
Ffriction 5 mafriction 45 N
5 }}
10.0 kg
m(aideal 2 aactual)(450 kg)
5 4.5 m/s2
5 (5.00 m/s2 2 4.95 m/s2)
The balloon cannot lift the package
5 22 N
because the upward acceleration is
c. What is the upward force exerted by the less than the downward acceleration
air cushion on the boat? of gravity, 9.80 m/s2.
Flift 5 2Fgravity 5 2mg Alternative calculation:
5 2(450 kg)(29.80 m/s2) Fgravity 5 (10.0 kg)(9.80 m/s2)
5 4.43103 N 5 98.0 N, which exceeds the
upward force
9. A golf ball with a mass of 45 g is struck
by a club, leaving the tee with a speed of b. What is the upward acceleration if the
1.83102 km/h. The period of acceleration instruments weigh 2.0 kg?
was 0.50 m/s. Fnet 5 Flift 2 Fgravity
Fnet 5 ma 2 mg

Physics: Principles and Problems Supplemental Problems Answer Key 77

 Answer Key
Chapter 4 continued
5 45 N 2 (2.0 kg)(9.80 m/s2) 14. A 0.100-kg weight is attached to a spring
5 25.4 N scale. Find the reading on the scale for each
of the following situations.
F
a 5 }net
} a. When the scale is not moving.
m
Fg 5 mg
25.4 N
5 }}
2.0 kg
5 (0.100 kg)(9.80 m/s2)
5 13 m/s2 upward
5 0.980 N
11. A 12-kg block sits on a table. A 10.0-kg
b. When the scale accelerates at 2.4 m/s2
block sits on top of the 12-kg block. If there
in the horizontal direction.
is nothing on top of the 10.0-kg block,
The vertical component of the
what is the force that the table exerts on
acceleration is zero, so the reading
the 12-kg block?
on the scale is calculated the same
Ftable 5 Fblock 1 1 Fblock 2 way as when the scale is not moving.
5 (12 kg)(9.80 m/s2) 1 Fg 5 mg
(10.0 kg)(9.80 m/s2)
5 (0.100 kg)(9.80 m/s2)
5 220 N
5 0.980 N
12. A box experiences a net force of 41 N while
15. A penny is dropped from the top of a
it is being lifted. What is the acceleration of
30.0-m-tall tower. The tower, however, is
the box?
not located on Earth. The penny has a mass
Fnet 5 ma of 2.5 g and experiences a gravitational
F force of 0.028 N.
net
a5}
m a. What is acceleration due to gravity on

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

41 N
this planet?
5} Fg
9.7 kg
ag 5 }
m
5 4.2 m/s2
0.028 N
13. A rope can withstand 1.0003103 N of 5 }}
0.0025 kg
tension. If the rope is being used to pull a
5 11 m/s2
10.0-kg package across a frictionless surface,
what is the greatest acceleration that will b. After 1.00 s, the penny has a velocity of
not break the rope? 10.1 m/s. Assuming the force exerted on
the penny by air resistance is uniform
F 5 ma
and independent of speed, what is the
F magnitude of the force of air resistance
a 5 }}
m
on the penny?
1.0003103 N
5 }} w
Fnet 5 ma
10.0 kg
5 1.003102 m/s2 5 Fg 1 (2Fa)
Dv
Fa 5 Fg 2 ma, where a 5 w
a 5 }}
Dt
5 Fg 2 m 1}}2
Dv
Dt

78 Supplemental Problems Answer Key Physics: Principles and Problems

 Answer Key
Chapter 4 continued
v 2v b. A force of 150.0 N is applied to the
5 Fg 2 m 1}
f
}i 2
Dt sled and produces an acceleration of
3.00 m/s2. What is the magnitude of
5 0.028 N 2 (0.0025 kg) the force of friction that resists the
1 }}}
10.1 m/s 2 0.0 m/s
1.00 s 2 acceleration?
Fnet 5 ma
5 0.0028 N
Fnet 5 Fapplied 2 Ff
The air resistance is in the opposite
direction from the force of gravity and ma 5 Fapplied 2 Ff
the penny’s motion, as it should be.
Ff 5 Fapplied 2 ma
16. The combined mass of a sled and its rider is
46.4 kg. The sled is pulled across a frozen 5 150.0 N 2 (46.4 kg)(3.00 ms2)
lake so that the force of friction between the 5 10.8 N
sled and the ice is very small.
a. Assuming that friction between the sled
and the ice is negligible, what force
is required to accelerate the sled at
3.45 m/s2?
F 5 ma
5 (46.4 kg)(3.45 m/s2)
5 1.603102 N
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Physics: Principles and Problems Supplemental Problems Answer Key 79

 Answer Key

Chapter 5
1. A small plane takes off and flies 12.0 km in a direction southeast of the airport.
At this point, following the instructions of an air traffic controller, the plane
turns 20.0° to the east of its original flight path and flies 21.0 km. What is the
magnitude of the plane’s resultant displacement from the airport?
N

A
u R

R 2 5 A2 1 B 2 2 2AB cos u

wkm)
R 5 Ï(12.0 w2 1w
(21.0w
km)2w w
2 2(12.0 ww
km)(21.0 km)(cw w
os 160.0°)
5 32.5 km
2. A hammer slides down a roof that makes a 32.0° angle with the horizontal. What
are the magnitudes of the components of the hammer’s velocity at the edge of
the roof if it is moving at a speed of 6.25 m/s?
y

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

vx
32.08
x
v
vy 58.08

Fourth quadrant: vx . 0 and vy , 0.

vx 5 v cos u
5 (6.25 m/s)(cos 232.0°)
5 5.30 m/s
vy 5 v sin u
5 (6.25 m/s)(sin 232.0°)
5 23.31 m/s

80 Supplemental Problems Answer Key Physics: Principles and Problems

 Answer Key
Chapter 5 continued
3. A worker has to move a 17.0-kg crate along a flat floor in a warehouse. The
coefficient of kinetic friction between the crate and the floor is 0.214. The
worker pulls horizontally on a rope attached to the crate, with a 49.0-N force.
What is the resultant acceleration of the crate?
y-direction:
FN 5 Fg 5 mg

x-direction:
Fnet, x 5 Fp 2 Ff
5 max 5 ma
Ff 5 m kFN 5 m kmg
ma 5 Fp 2 m kmg
Fp 2 mkmg
a 5 }}
m
49.0 N 2 (0.214)(17.0 kg)(9.80 m/s ) 2
5 }}}}}
17.0 kg
5 0.785 m/s2

4. To get a cart to move, two farmers pull on ropes attached to the cart, as shown
below. One farmer pulls with a force of 50.0 N in a direction 35.0° east of north,
while the other exerts a force of 30.0 N in a direction 25.0° west of north. What
are the magnitude and the direction of the combined force exerted on the cart?
N
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

25.0 35.0

Rx 5 Ax 1 Bx 5 A cos u1 1 B cos u2 E

Ry 5 Ay 1 By 5 A sin u1 1 B sin u2

R 5 Ïw
Rx2 1w
Ry2

5 Ïw
(A cow
s u1 1w
B cosw
u2)2 1w
(A sinw
u1 1 w
B sin w
u2)2

ww
5 Ï((50.0 N)(cow
s 55.0w
°) 1 (3w
0.0 N)w ww
(cos 115.0°) wN)(sin
)2 1 ((50.0 ww55.0°w
) 1 (3w
0.0 N)w ww
(sin 115.0°))2
5 70.0 N
Ry A sin u 1 B sin u
u 5 tan211}}2 5 tan211 }}}
1 2
2
Rx A cos u1 1 B cos u2

(50.0 N)(sin 55.0°) 1 (30.0 N)(sin 115.0°)

5 tan211 (50.0
}}}}} 2
N)(cos 55.0°) 1 (30.0 N)(cos 115.0°)
5 76.8°
R 5 70.0 N at 76.8° north of east

Physics: Principles and Problems Supplemental Problems Answer Key 81

 Answer Key
Chapter 5 continued
5. Takashi trains for a race by rowing his canoe x-direction: Fp 2 Ff 5 ma
on a lake. He starts by rowing along a straight a 5 0 (since v 5 constant)
path. Then he turns and rows 260.0 m west.
Fp 2 Ff 5 0
If he then finds he is located 360.0 m exactly
north of his starting point, what was his Fp 5 Ff
displacement along the straight path? 5 mkFN 5 mkFg
N Fp
B mk 5 }}
Fg

45.0 N
R 5 }
A 235 N
5 0.191
E
7. A rod supports a 2.35-kg lamp, as shown
below.

Rx 5 0.0 m, Ry 5 360.0 m
Bx 5 2260.0 m, By 5 0.0 m 25.08
R 5 A 1 B, A 5 R 2 B
Ax 5 Rx 2 Bx 5 0.0 m 2 (2260.0 m)
5 260.0 m a. What is the magnitude of the tension in
Ay 5 Ry 2 By 5 360.0 m 2 0.0 m the rod?

5 360.0 m y-direction:

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

w
A 5 ÏAx 1w
2 Ay2 Ty 5 Fg

ww
5 Ï(260.0 m)2 1w
(360.w
0 m)2 T sin u 5 mg
mg
5 444.1 m T 5 }}
sin u
Ay
u 5 tan211}}2 (2.35 kg)(9.80 m/s2)
Ax 5 }}}
sin 25.0°
5 tan211}}2 5 54.16°
360.0 m
5 54.5 N
260.0 m
A 5 444.1 m at 54.16° north of east b. Calculate the components of the force
that the bracket exerts on the rod.
6. Mira received a 235-N sled for her birthday.
x-direction:
She takes the sled out to a flat snowy field.
When she pushes it with a 45.0-N horizon- Tx 2 Fx 5 0
tal force, it slides along at a constant speed. Fx 5 T cos u
What is the coefficient of kinetic friction
between the sled and the snow? 5 (54.5 N)(cos 25.0°)
y-direction: FN 5 Fg Fx 5 49.4 N, inward

82 Supplemental Problems Answer Key Physics: Principles and Problems

 Answer Key
Chapter 5 continued
y-direction:
Fy 5 Ty
5 mg
5 (2.35 kg)(9.80 m/s2)
Fy 5 23.0 N, upward

8. A 25.0-kg crate has an adjustable F 5 70.0 N

handle so that it can be pushed or at 330.0°
pulled by the handle at various angles. F 5 70.0 N
at 0.0°
Determine the acceleration of the crate
for each situation shown in the diagram,
given that the coefficient of sliding friction
between the floor and the bottom of the
m 5 25.0 kg
crate is 0.20.
(a) (b)
For (a)
F 5 70.0 N
y-direction: at 30.0°
FN 5 Fg 5 mg
FN 5 mg

x-direction:
Fnet, x 5 Fp 2 Ff (c)

Fnet, x 5 max 5 ma
ma 5 Fp 2 Ff
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Ff 5 mkFN 5 mkmg
ma 5 Fp 2 mkmg
Fp 2 mkmg Fp
a 5 }} 5 }} 2 m kg
m m
70.0 N
5} } 2 (0.20)(9.80 m/s2)
25.0 kg
5 0.84 m/s2

For (b)
y-direction:
FN 5 Fg 1 Fy
FN 5 mg 1 F sin u

x-direction:
Fnet, x 5 Fp 2 Ff
Fnet, x 5 max 5 ma
ma 5 Fp 2 Ff

Physics: Principles and Problems Supplemental Problems Answer Key 83

 Answer Key
Chapter 5 continued
Fp 5 F cos u
Ff 5 mkFN 5 mk(mg 1 F sin u)
Fnet, x 5 F cos u 2 m k(mg 1 F sin u) 5 ma
F
a 5 }net
}
m
F cos u 2 m (mg 1 F sin u)
k
5 }}}}
m
F cos u 2 m F sin u
k
5 }}} 2 mkg
m
(70.0 N)(cos 30.0°) 2 (0.20)(70.0 N)(sin 30.0°)
5 }}}}}} 25.0 kg
2 (0.20)(9.80 m/s2)

5 0.18 m/s2

For (c)
y-direction:
FN 5 Fg 2 Fy
FN 5 mg 2 F sin u

x-direction:
Fnet, x 5 Fp 2 Ff
Fnet, x 5 max 5 ma
ma 5 Fp 2 Ff

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Fp 5 F cos u
Ff 5 mkFN 5 mk(mg 2 F sin u)
Fnet, x 5 F cos u 2 mk(mg 2 F sin u) 5 ma
F
a 5 }net
}
m
F cos u 2 m (mg 2 F sin u)
k
5 }}}}
m
F cos u 1 m F sin u
k
5 }}} 2 mkg
m
(70.0 N)(cos 30.0°) 1 (0.20)(70.0 N)(sin 30.0°)
5 }}}}}} 2 (0.20)(9.80 m/s2)
25.0 kg
5 0.74 m/s2

84 Supplemental Problems Answer Key Physics: Principles and Problems

 Answer Key
Chapter 5 continued
9. A child shoves a small toboggan weighing 100.0 N up a snowy hill, giving the
toboggan an initial speed of 6.0 m/s. If the hill is inclined at an angle of 32°
above the horizontal, how far along the hill will the toboggan slide? Assume that
the coefficient of sliding friction between the toboggan and the snow is 0.15.
y-direction:
Fnet, y 5 may 5 0
FN 2 Fgy 5 0
FN 5 Fgy 5 mg cos u

x-direction:
Fnet, x 5 max 5 ma

Fgx 5 mg sin u

Fgx 2 Ff 5 ma

Ff 5 m kFN 5 mkmg cos u

mg sin u 2 m kmg cos u 5 ma

a 5 g(sin u 2 mk cos u)

vf2 5 vi2 1 2a(df 2 di)

0 5 vi2 1 2ad
v2 v2
d 5 2 }i} 5 }}} i
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

2a 2g(sin u 2 m k cos u)

(6.0 m/s ) 2
5 }}}}}
2
(2)(9.80 m/s )(sin 32° 2 (0.15)cos 32°)
5 4.6 m, up the hill

10. Two objects are connected by a string passing over a frictionless, massless pulley.
As shown below, the block is on an inclined plane and the ball is hanging
over the top edge of the plane. The block has a mass of 60.0 kg, and the
coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the inclined plane is 0.22.
If the block moves at a constant speed down the incline, and the ball rises at a
constant speed, what is the mass of the hanging ball?

m1

m2
35.08

Physics: Principles and Problems Supplemental Problems Answer Key 85

 Answer Key
Chapter 5 continued
v is constant, so there is no acceleration.
Ball (m2):
y-direction:
Fnet, y 5 m2ay 5 0
F T 2 Fg 5 0
F T 5 m2g

Block (m1):
y-direction: (parallel to the incline)
Fnet, y 5 m1ay 5 0
FN 5 Fgy 5 0
FN 5 Fgy 5 m1g cos u
Ff 5 m kFN 5 mkm1g cos u

x-direction: (perpendicular to the incline)

Fnet, x 5 m1ax 5 0
Fgx 2 Ff 2 FT 5 0
Fgx 5 m1g sin u
m1g sin u 2 m km1g cos u 2 FT 5 0
m1g sin u 2 m km1g cos u 2 m2g 5 0

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

1m g sin u 2 m m g cos u
k 1
m2 5 }}}}
g
5 m1 sin u 2 m km1 cos u

5 (60.0 kg)(sin 35.0°) 2 (0.22)(60.0 kg)(cos 35.0°)

5 24 kg

86 Supplemental Problems Answer Key Physics: Principles and Problems