CAHPTER # 03

ELECTROMECHANICAL INSTRUMENTS

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:

1- The ___________________ is required to minimize oscillations.

a) Deflecting force
b) Controlling force
c) Damping force
d) Magnetic force
2- The galvanometer is essentially a PMMC instrument designed to be sensitive to extremely _____
Levels
a) High current
b) Low current
c) High voltage
d) Low voltage
3- A galvanometer has a current sensitivity of 1µA/mm and critical damping resistance of 1KΩ
what will be the voltage sensitivity?
a) 1 µV/mm
b) 1 mV/mm
c) 1 V/mm
d) 0.1 mV/mm
4- Voltage sensitivity is 1 V/mm and current sensitivity is 1µA/mm. what will be the megohm
sensitivity?
a) 1 Ω
b) 100 Ω
c) 100 KΩ
d) 1 MΩ
5- An ammeter is always connected in _______ with circuit in which current is to be measured.
a) Parallel
b) Series
c) Delta
d) Wye
6- A CT(Current transformer) usually
a) Step up voltage
b) Step down voltage
c) Step down current
d) Both a and c
7- Pointer in PMMC is connected with
a) Coil
b) Permanent magnet
c) Spiral spring
d) Frame
8- An Voltmeter is always connected in _______ with circuit in which voltage is to be measured.
a) Parallel
b) Series
c) Delta
d) Wye
9- PMMC without modification is used for detecting ___________ current.
a) Ac
b) Dc
c) BOTH
d) None of these
10- PMMC is used as DC voltmeter by _________.
a) By connecting a Small resistance in series
b) By connecting a Small resistance in Parallel
c) By connecting a High resistance in series
d) By connecting a High resistance in Parallel
11- PMMC is used as DC Ammeter by ___________.
a) By connecting a Small resistance in series
b) By connecting a Small resistance in Parallel
c) By connecting a High resistance in series
d) By connecting a High resistance in Parallel
12- AC Ammeter and voltmeter can be constructed
a) By use of resistors
b) By use of capacitors
c) By use of diodes
d) By use of transistor
13- Ohmmeter can be made from
a) Precision Resistors
b) Precision diodes
c) A
d) D
14- Difference between PMMC and Electrodynamic instruments is
a) PMMC has a permanent magnet and Electrodynamic instrument has Electromagnets
b) PMMC has a Stationary coils and Electrodynamic instrument has permanent magnet
c) PMMC has a permanent magnet and Electrodynamic instrument has Stationary coils
d) PMMC has a Moving coil and Electrodynamic instrument has no coil.
15- The damping force is usually produced by ____________.
a) Magnetic force
b) Eddy currents
c) Spiral spring
d) Electrostatic force
16- Difference between PMMC and motors
a) Coils in PMMC rotates at angle of 90º And motor rotates at 360º.
b) Coils in PMMC rotates at angle of 90º And motor rotates at 180º.
c) Coils in PMMC rotates at angle of 180º And motor rotates at 360º.
d) Coils in PMMC rotates at angle of 360º And motor rotates at 180º.
17- Which type of force don’t occur in galvanometer
a) Deflecting force
b) Electrostatic force
c) Damping force
d) Controlling force
18- Pointer moves due to ________ force.
a) Damping
b) Controlling
c) Oscillating
d) Deflecting
19- Which two _____ and _______ are equal, causes pointer to stop.
a) Deflecting, damping
b) Damping, controlling
c) Deflecting, controlling
d) None of these
20- Lack of damping cause pointer to ____________.
a) Oscillate
b) Stop
c) Accelerate
d) Break
21- The terminal of PMMC are
a) Unpolarized
b) Polarized
c) Not defined
d) None of these
22- Pointer deflection is always proportional to
a) Coil current
b) Eddy current
c) Opposite to coil current
d) All of these.
23- In ammeter the resistance in parallel with PMMC is
a) Much less than resistance of coil
b) Much higher than resistance of coil
c) Is equal to resistance of coil
d) Double of coil resistance
24- A PMMC has a coil resistance of 99 Ω and Ifsd 0.1 mA and shunt resistance of 1Ω. What will be
the total current through Ammeter.
a) 5mA
b) 10mA
c) 20mA
d) 100mA
25- Behavior of PMMC with current is_____________ .
a) Non linear
b) Linear
c) Dynamic
d) None of these
26- Current is larger in Ammeter through_____________ .
a) Coil resistance
b) Shunt resistance
c) Source current
d) None of these
27- A PMMC has a coil resistance of 1 kΩ and Ifsd 100 µA what will be the shunt resistance if total
current is 100mA.
a) 0.1 Ω
b) 1 Ω
c) 10 Ω
d) 100 Ω
28- Swamping resistance is made up of
a) Manganin
b) Phosphorus bronze
c) Constantan
d) Both a & c.
29- Manganin & Constantan has temperature coefficient __________
a) Much larger
b) Negative
c) Close to Zero
d) May be higher May be low.
30- When PMMC is connected with ac if higher frequency; what will pointer indicate.
a) Give positive FSD
b) Give negative FSD
c) Oscillates between positive & negative
d) Zero
31- When PMMC is connected with ac if lower frequency; what will pointer indicate.
a) Give positive FSD
b) Give negative FSD
c) Oscillates between positive & negative
d) Zero
32- The Silicon diode gives 0.7 Volts in__________________ .
a) RMS
b) Peak
c) Average
d) None of these
33- PMMC output is in___________ .
a) Peak
b) Average
c) RMS
d) Both a & c.
34- Default value of AC source is in
a) Peak
b) Average
c) RMS
d) None of these
35- 100Vrms =___________ Vpeak.
a) 63.7
b) 111
c) 70.7
d) 141.4
36- 63.7Vpeak=___________ Vavg
a) 63.7
b) 100
c) 157
d) 111
37- 1A Iavg=___________A Irms
a) 900m
b) 700m
c) 500m
d) 1
38- RMS lies in AC wave
a) Above peak
b) Below average
c) In b/w peak & average
d) Zero
39- Unit of sensitivity of voltmeter is
a) A Ω
b) k Ω/A
c) k Ω/V
d) V/K Ω
40- The average value of current(peak) in Half wave Rectifier is___________ of Ipeak
a) 0.637
b) 0.3185
c) 0.707
d) 1.1
41- What will be the ratio of transformer if primary volts are 120Vrms & 17Vpeak?
a) 1:4
b) 4:1
c) 1:10
d) 10:1
42- Ohm meter has range
a) 0 to ∞
b) 0 to internal Resistance
c) 0 to half of internal resistance
d) 0 to double of internal resistance
43- Behavior of Ohmmeter is
a) Linear
b) Non linear
c) Straight
d) None of these
44- Half scale reading of Ohmmeter is
a) Equal to Rsistance of coil
b) Rinternal
c) Rinternal/2
d) Different in different instruments
45- Mostly ohmmeter are used in __________ to _________ of FSD
a) 6 to 90
b) 20 to 80
c) 30 to 50
d) 10 to 90
46- Most accurate result of ohmmeter is at
a) 0.25 FSD
b) 0.5 FSD
c) 0.75 FSD
d) FSD
47- Resistance of voltmeter is 500kΩ & it measures voltage of 50V what will be its voltage
sensitivity
a) 2
b) 10
c) 100
d) 1000
48- In CT resistance of primary is____________ then Secondary
a) Low
b) High
c) Equal
d) None of these
49- In a transformer Ns=500 Np=4 Ip=250mA Is=?
a) 1mA
b) 500mA
c) 2mA
d) 125mA
50- Which one of the PMMC suspension is better
a) Pivot & Jewel band
b) Taut band
c) Both of these
d) None of these

Chapter # 7
LOW, HIGH & PRECISE RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT

1- Simplest way to measure the resistance is by

a) DMM
b) Voltmeter
c) Ammeter
d) All of these
2- Although Ohm-meter is the convenient for measuring the resistance but
a) Its range is low
b) It is not accurate
c) It is linear
d) Its resistors are costly
3- Best way to measure medium range resistors is by
a) Ohmmeter
b) Ammeter
c) Wheat stone Bridge
d) Kelvin bridge
4- Best way to measure Low range resistors is by
a) Ohmmeter
b) Analog ohmmeter
c) Wheatstone Bridge
d) Kelvin Bridge
5- What will be the resistance if voltage across resistor is 5V & current across the resistor 1mA?
a) 5KΩ
b) 1KΩ
c) 5Ω
d) All of these
6- If a meter measures potential E across the resistor and ammeter indicates the meter current I plus
voltmeter current Iv. Value of resistance now comes is
a) R=E/I
b) R=E+IV/I
c) R=E/I+IV
d) None of these
7- Since R=E/ I+IV presence of Iv constitutes an_____________
a) Error
b) Simplification
c) No effect
d) Without Iv R cannot be calculated
8- If Iv = I then
a) R measured is equal R
b) R measured is equal R/2
c) R measured is equal 2R
d) R measured is equal R+R/2
9- If Iv = 0 then
a) R measured is equal R/2
b) R measured is equal R/2+R
c) R measured is equal R
d) R measured is equal R/2+2R
10- What will be the value of resistance? If voltage across resistor is 5V & current through resistance is 2.5A
& voltmeter current is 2.5A.
a) 1
b) 1Ω
c) 1/1Ω
d) All of these
11- Decade resistor box is initially set at its _____________ possible value.
a) Lowest
b) Highest
c) Center
d) Any value can be selected
12- Decade resistor box is adjusted until_________________________?
a) Ammeter indicates precisely the same level of current as when R was in the circuit.
b) Ammeter indicates precisely the same level of current as when R was not in the circuit.
c) Ammeter indicates precisely the same level of voltage as when R was in the circuit.
d) None of these
13- Accuracy of substitution method depends upon the _____________________?
a) Decade box &Ammeter
b) Decade box & voltmeter
c) Both a & c
d) None of these
14- In wheat-stone Bridge resistance to be measured could be at
a) Top left
b) Top right
c) At any position
d) At only bottom positions
15- When does the galvanometer in Wheatstone Bridge indicates zero?
a) When potential drop across left side is equal to right side
b) Vp = Vq & Vs = Vr
c) When potential drop across each terminal is equal
d) All of these
16- Voltage supply in Wheatstone bridge does not affect its?
a) Range
b) Current
c) Voltage
 d) Sensitivity

17- Percentage error in R of wheat stone bridge is equal _______________?

a) Sum of % of S & P and difference with Q
b) Difference of % of S & P and sum with Q
c) Sum of %p & %Q & %S
d) None of these
18- Lower limit of the Wheatstone bridge is
a) 5Ω
b) 5m Ω
c) 5µ Ω
d) 1M Ω
19- Higher limit of Wheatstone bridge is
a) 1M Ω
b) 1G Ω
c) 1T Ω
d) 1P Ω
20- Voltage drop across the potential terminals in 4 terminal resistors _________________
a) Very low
b) Very high
c) No voltage drops across potential terminals
d) None of these
21- Current across the potential terminals in 4 terminal resistors _________________ is?
a) Milliampere range
b) Microampere range
c) Both a & b
d) None of these
22- Terminal points of four terminal resistors are known as current terminal because
a) Resistance is very low
b) Current remains the same through it
c) None of these
d) Both a and b
23- When Galvano meter shows zero in wheat stone bridge shows
a) Both terminals of Galvanometer are at same potential
b) Ratio of P,R and Q,S is same
c) Current through R , P is same and Q, S is same
d) All of these
24- Range of Wheat Stone is Bridge is _______ than KELVIN Bridge
a) Higher
b) Lower
c) Equals
d) Not comparable
25- What is necessary for a LOW RESISTANCE LINEAR OHMMETER.
a) constant voltage source
b) constant current source
c) Low range PMMC
d) Diode
26- Amplifiers are used in finding a low value linear behavior of resistor is
a) To make a constant Current Source
b) To measure same value of voltage on voltmeter and ohms
c) To amplify frequency of voltage source
d) Amplifier as a switch
27- Which of the following thing is not involved in resistance value in Wheat stone bridge
a) Variable resistor
b) Unknown resistor
c) Voltage source
 d) PMMC
28- _________ donot effect sensitivity of Wheat Stone Bridge
a) Resistors
b) Galvanometer
c) Supply voltage
d) None of above
29- The insulation of a metal sheathed electric cable is tested using 10,000 V supply and a microammeter. A
current of 5µA is measured. What is the volume resistance?
a) 6.7 Ω
b) 6.7*103 Ω
c) 6.7*106 Ω
d) 6.7*109 Ω
30- To measure high resistance such as insulation we have to use
a) Very low current
b) High voltage
c) High current
d) Both a and b

Slides

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:

1- To monitor a process in meaning-full ways is known as

a) Measurement
b) Process
c) Method
d) Experiment
2- There are __________ SI units
a) 5
b) 6
c) 7
d) 8
3- SI unit of luminous intensity is
a) Mole
b) Candela
c) Kelvin
d) Meter
4- Barometer is used for measuring
a) Heat
b) Intensity of light
c) Flow of liquid
d) Pressure
5- A thermocouple is a junction between two different ________
a) Sensors
b) Metals
c) Insulators
d) Glass
6- Variable conversion elements are needed where the output variable of a primary transducer is in an
________________.
a) Inconvenient form
b) Convenient form
 c) Pure Form
d) Impure form
7- Signal processing elements exist to_____________ of a measurement system in some way.
a) improve the quality of the input
b) improve the quality of the output
c) transfer of signal
d) block all signals
8- The device that converts real world data into the data that is understandable by human or computers.
a) Analog to digital convertor
b) Sensors
c) CPU
d) Variable conversion element
9- Thermometer is a ____________
a) Device
b) Sensor
c) Thermocouple
d) Both a and b
10- Corruption of the measurement signal is known as
a) Resistance
b) Error
c) Breakage
d) None of these
11- In-accuracy of the measurements is known as.
a) Resistance
b) Error
c) Breakage
d) None of these
12- Which one is not a type of error in measurement
a) Gross
b) Systematic
c) Atmospheric
d) Random
13- Gross error is also known as
a) Random error
b) Human error
c) Systematic error
d) Net error
14- Which of the following error can not be treated by mathematics.
a) Gross error
b) Random error
c) Systematic error
d) None of these
15- Constant Uniform deviation of the operation of the instrument is known
a) Random error
b) Systematic error
c) Gross error
d) None of these
16- Which one is not the way to remove systematic error
a) Calibration
b) Apply correction factor
c) Select suitable instrument
d) By taking mean
17- What is aging effect error in an instrument?
a) Change in reading with passage of time
b) Instrument breakage due to passage of time
c) Rusting of instrument with passage of time
d) None of these
18- When an instrument of lower sensitivity is used with a heavier load the measurement it makes is
erroneous, this effect is known as _____________.
a) Aging effect
b) Zero error
c) Due to change of temperature
d) loading effect
19- Positive errors and negative errors occur in approximately equal numbers for a series of
measurements made of the same quantity in
a) Systematic error
b) Random error
c) Gross error
d) Human error
20- Electrical noise can also be a source of
a) Systematic error
b) Random error
c) Gross error
d) Human error
21- Which one is not applied as a correction factor of Random error
a) Mean
b) Deviation
c) Zero correction
d) Gaussian distribution
22- 1 ppb = _______
a) 1 mg/L
b) 1µg/L
c) 1 ng/L
d) 1 g/L
23- In any measuring system, the primary _________ gives an output that is a function of the input.
a) Equation
b) Sensor
c) ADC
d) Signal transmitter
24- If the resistance values are specified at 25º and the resistors have a temperature coefficient of
+500 ppm/ºC, calculate the maximum resistance that 1.26 kΩ resistor would have at 75º C .
a) 1.0009 kΩ
b) 1.2915 kΩ
c) 1.2285 kΩ
d) 1.9220 kΩ
25- Calculate the maximum percentage error in the sum of two voltages V1 =100 V ± 1% and V2
=80 V ± 5%.
a) 180 ± 5.04 V
b) 180 ± 5%.
c) 180 ± 2.8%
d) 180 ± 2.8 V
26- Resistance is 820 ± 10% Ω carries a current of 10 mA. The current was measured by an analog
ammeter on 25mA range with accuracy of ± 2% of full scale, what will be the power dissipation
with accuracy of result.
a) P= 82W ± 5%
b) P= 82mW ± 2.5%
c) P= 82mW ± 4.5%
d) P= 82mW ± 5%
27- Probable error in any measurement is ___________ times standard division.
a) 0.5005
b) 0.9445
c) 0.6745
d) 0.3445
28- Possible error in value is known as
a) Random error
b) Systematic error
c) Tolerance
d) Gross error
29- An instrument is considered _______ if the instrument output is entirely produced by the
quantity being measured
a) Accurate
b) Active
c) Passive
d) Faulty
30- An instrument is considered active if the quantity being measured simply modulates the
magnitude of some external power source
a) Accurate
b) Active
c) Passive
d) Faulty
31- An example of an______________ is a float-type petrol tank level indicator
a) Accurate
b) Active
c) Passive
d) Faulty
32- The value of the quantity being measured is displayed in terms of the amount of movement of a
pointer.
a) Null type
b) Deflection type
c) Both
d) None
33- Null-type instruments are __________ than deflection types because calibration of weights is
much easier than careful choice and calibration of a linear-characteristic of spring.
a) More accurate
b) Less accurate
c) Neither more nor less
d) Can’t guess
34- In terms of usage, the deflection type instrument is convenient than null type instrument.
a) Less
b) More
c) Equal
d) Can’t guess
35- Which one is not type of deflection type
a) Speedometer
b) Multi meter
c) Pressure gauge with pointer
d) Pressure gauge with dead weight
36- An _________ instrument gives an output that varies continuously as the quantity being
measured changes.
a) Analog
b) Digital
c) Faulty
d) None of these
37- The output can have an infinite number of values within the range that the instrument is designed
to measure is known as _______ instrument.
a) Analog
b) Digital
c) Faulty
d) None of these
38- A _________ instrument has an output that varies in discrete steps and so can only have a finite
number of values.
a) Analog
b) Digital
c) Faulty
d) None of these
39- Analogue instruments must be interfaced to the microcomputer by an ________
a) Digital Sensors
b) ADC
c) Analog sensor
d) None of above
40- The instruments having micro processor in it are knowns as
a) Digital
b) Smart
c) Non electrical
d) ADC
41- The _________ of an instrument is a measure of how close the output reading of the instrument
is to the correct value.
a) Accuracy
b) Precision
c) In accuracy
d) Tolerance
42- The term measurement uncertainty is frequently used in place of _________
a) Not précised
b) In accuracy
c) Accuracy
d) Precision
43- ____________ Measure of the deviation from a mean value.
a) Accuracy
b) Precision
c) In accuracy
d) Un certainty
44- High Accuracy means
a) High precision
 b) High uncertainty
c) Less precision
d) Nothing
45- High precision means
a) High accuracy
b) Less accuracy
c) Closeness of measurements
d) Closeness to the mean of all measurements
46- The _______ of an instrument defines the minimum and maximum values of a quantity that the
instrument is designed to measure.
a) Scale
b) Range
c) Reading
d) Nothing
47- __________ the ratio between the largest and smallest values that a certain quantity can assume.
a) Simply range
b) Dynamic range
c) Dynamic span
d) Both b and c
48- The ratio of scale deflection with value of measurand producing deflection
a) Range
b) Accuracy
c) Sensitivity
d) Precision
49- A pressure of 2 bar produces a deflection of 10 degrees in a pressure transducer. Find the
sensitivity of the instrument.
a) 1 bar to 5 degrees
b) 5 bar to 1 degrees
c) 10 degree to 2 bar
d) 2 bar to 5 degree
50- This causes a constant error that exists over the full range of measurement of the instrument.
a) Sensitivity error
b) Zero error
c) Accuracy
d) Tolerance