International Journal of Mechanical And Production Engineering, ISSN: 2320-2092, Volume- 2, Issue-9, Sept.

-2014

AUTOMATIC PNEUMATIC RAMMING MACHINE

1
CHINMAY ANEGUNDI, 2AMOGH GANAGI, 3CHANDRASHEKAR TAPASHETTI
1,2,3
B.E. Mechanical, BVBCET, Hubli
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract- Moulding is one of the important metals forming process in manufacturing components for various applications in
industry. Casting of any size and shape can be made accurately. Automation in this field helps to improve the foundry
environment and accuracy of the cast parts. Efficiency of moulding is affected by various parameters like permeability,
collapsibility, adhesiveness etc. So it is a must to avoid defects in casting. The defects occur in sand castings post a great
problem in foundry. On account of defects more than 10% castings are rejected. Even though skilled labor is employed for
ramming operation, the packing of molding sand will not be even throughout the molding box. So we have selected the idea
of fabricating “PNEUMATIC RAMMER”. This rammer is operated pneumatically. By using this rammer moulding sand
will be packed evenly throughout the box.

Keywords- Moulding, Ramming, Pneumatic

I. INTRODUCTION in percentage is then calculated from the resultant

height of the sand inside the specimen tube.
The pneumatic rammer is used for ramming the sand
uniformly around the pattern. It can be used even in
small scale industries. To operate this rammer an air
compressor is needed. A butt which is attached to the
bottom of the piston rod does the operation of
ramming. The pressure developed inside the cylinder
reciprocates the piston and hence the butt. This
rammer is handled by an operator just by moving it
over the moulding sand. The butt rams the sand at
places moved and the sand is uniformly rammed.
This rammer reduces the ramming time and labor.
Due to this the cost is reduced considerably. So this
machine finds application in foundries.

II. RELATED WORK (LITERATURE

REVIEW)

Sand moulding process

Casting process involving the use of sand as a
III. PROPOSED WORK (BLOCK
moulding medium is known as sand moulding.
DIAGRAM)
Conventional Ramming Machine:

The cam is actuated by a user by rotating the handle,

causing a cam to lift the weight and let it fall freely
on the frame attached to the ram head. This produces
a standard compacting action to a pre-measured
amount of sand.

Variety of standard specimen for Green Sand and

Silicate based (CO2)sand are prepared using a sand
rammer along with accessories The sand rammer
machine can be used to measure compatibility of
prepared sand by filling the specimen tube with
prepared sand so that it is level with the top of the
tube.
The tube is then placed under the ram head in the
shallow cup and rammed three times. Compatibility

Automatic Pneumatic Ramming Machine

60
International Journal of Mechanical And Production Engineering, ISSN: 2320-2092, Volume- 2, Issue-9, Sept.-2014

IV. WORKING PRINCIPLE Technical Data:

Size : ¼”
The compressed air goes to the flow control valve. Pressure : 0 to 10 kg / cm2
The flow control valve is used to control the flow of Media : Air
air. It is adjustable one. We have to adjust the lever,
so that the required pressurized air goes to the Working Principle:
Solenoid Valve. Double acting cylinder are controlled by 2 way 5 port
two position valve as shown in the fig. This valve
In our project, the solenoid valve is used as a has one inlet port (P), two cylinder ports (A and B),
direction control valve. This solenoid valve is and two exhaust ports (R and S).
controlled by the electronic control timing unit. The
ramming time is varied by adjusting the timing (timer
555 IC) control of the electronic unit.

The compressed air goes to the pneumatic double

acting cylinder. The ram is fixed at one end of the
pneumatic cylinder. The compressed air pushes the
pneumatic cylinder, so that the piston moves
downward by giving air supply in one direction of
pneumatic cylinder. The solenoid valve is changing
the air flow in the opposite direction by the small
time delay. In this time the pneumatic cylinder piston
moves upward due to changing of the air flow
direction. This air flow direction is controlled by the
solenoid valve. TIMER CIRCUIT:
Need for a Timer Circuit:
V. DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS Main purpose to timer circuit is to actuate the
PNEUMATIC CYLINDER: solenoid valve at regular interval of time to achieve
proper lubrication at the desired interval.
Cylinder is a device which converts fluid power into
liner mechanical force and motion. These cylinders ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT:-
are widely used in industrial pneumatic systems.
These cylinders are also called as linear motors and Here the 555 IC has been used as a multi vibrator.
reciprocating motors pneumatic cylinders are The output of IC 555 is fed to the input pin (pin no
designed for a variety of services. 14) of CD 4017 continues counting. The output of the
IC becomes available at pin Nos. 3, 2 and 4. The
output pulse of any one of output pin triggers (Puts
ON) the Triac and current starts flowing across the
load connected. This process continues on other pins
at different time intervals and the cycle continues.
The frequency interval (Time) of the cycle can be
adjusted by the pre-set look connected to pin 6 of 555
Timer IC.

Fig no 4

Pneumatic cylinders are designed for a variety of

services. Pneumatic cylinders transforms the flow of
pressured fluid into a push or pull of the piston rod
since out system uses double acting cylinders we
shall see some details about them.

SOLINOID CONTROL VALVE:

The solenoid valve is responsible for reciprocating
motion of the Ram. It is electrically powered. The
trip dogs actuate the solenoid valve.

Automatic Pneumatic Ramming Machine

61
International Journal of Mechanical And Production Engineering, ISSN: 2320-2092, Volume- 2, Issue-9, Sept.-2014

IC 555 TIMER
The IC SE / NE 555 monolithic circuit is a highly
stable controller capable of producing accurate time
delays or oscillations. Additional terminals are
provided for triggering or resetting if desired.

In the timing operations, the time is precisely

controlled by one external resistor and a capacitor, by
the operation as an oscillator, the free running
frequency and the duty cycle are both accurately
contributed with the external RC constants.
VII. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
VI. DESIGN AND CALCULATIONS
The rammer can be handled by an operator without
Pressure available from the compressor = feeling uneasiness. No separate skill is required to
1000000Pa (10 bar) operate this rammer. The operation is quick and
Diameter of the piston = 32mm hence it is a time saving one. The operation is easy
Cross sectional Area of the cylinder = and consumes less cost. Due to the above reasons it
finds its extensive application in manufacturing
π*32* = 804.352mm
industries.

Force = Area * Pressure It has an extensive application in both large scale and
small scale industries because of its economy and
PISTON AND PISTON ROD: easy handling. strength Uniform ramming of sand is
The piston is machined to the specified to the obtained by this rammer. The time consumption for
specified dimension in a lathe and piston rod is mated ramming is reduced greatly.
(tight fit) in the bore of the piston and then turned in a
lathe. Surface grinding is done on piston and piston Skilled labor is not required.
rod. Easy operation
It can be transported easily from one place to another
The nature of fit between cylinder and piston is since dismantling and assembling is simple.
clearance fit – running fit. Tolerance = 32 ± It reduces more labor for ramming operation.
0.02 Maintenance is easy.
Total stroke length = 135 mm
Working stroke length = 65mm CONCLUSION
The diameter of the piston = 32mm
The piston force F = P * A Uniform ramming of sand is obtained by this rammer.
= 10 *804.352*10 The time consumption for ramming is reduced
= 804.352 N considerably. It eliminates more labour for ramming
operation and hence the labour cost is reduced.
Skilled labour is not required to operate this machine.
Transportation of this machine is easy. Maintenance
is also easy, The reduction of production time and
elimination of more labour for ramming operation
reduce production cost, thereby the economy is
greatly achieved.

REFERENCES

[1]. Design data book- P.S.G. Tech.

[2]. Pneumatic hand book- R.H.Warrning

i. Machine tool design hand book - Central
machine tool Institute,
ii. Bangalore.

[3]. Strength of materials- R.S.Kurmi

[4]. Manufacturing Technology- M.Haslehurst



Automatic Pneumatic Ramming Machine

62