TRAINING MANUAL ON PAINTING INSPECTION ADVANCE 2018 [QC TRAINING & SERVICES PVT. LTD. SHIVANI BLOCK—1, FIRST FLOOR REAR 40 EAST COAST. ROAD, THIRUVANMIYUR CHENNAI---600 041, INDIA | PHONE: +44 42158744 / 42158715 / 24516009Se en ‘TRAINNG MANUAL ON PAINTING INSPECTION - ADVANCE TABLE OF CONTENTS a ‘Chapter Ne. Title Page oh) __|Raeapune w a [Overview of FADY Program i 03 [Soreson E14 OF | Gorrosion and Garson Contre Gel and OOS 1817 Subetrstes 05] Control and Modifeaton Evronmat Tear | 08 | Surlace Preparation by Centrapal last Seating | Waler Eras setlng [7 Tropicaion by Specal Ecuipment aH [— 8 [Seeaifeater, starcaris 3234) 08 | Testinetrumente fr Inspection 382, o ‘Wisitié and Non-visible Cantarsinations 3355 7 nwa B50) 12 [Corrosion Conror by Metaluigieal/Cremial Processes 51-88 soning 502 ia [Thiet BarrerEnings oae8 1S | Specal Shop Pracioes 30.72, 18__[ Protestan'er Pes FEE Coatings 730) 7? | Pant Centro: ae 13 | Spec Coatings wm {8 [poraroe of Coat Suey and Nainenance Coathge Ea 25__[ Spacal Test and Laboratory Equipment Tray Safely FoorTITITISITITCLTT STITT TT TTT TTT dd ge ee CHAPTEROA RECAPTURE InP Program 1, coroson ane corasion cons ofsiel substiats was sluied. The verieus surfaea preparaton methods, pat appicafon techniques ard uae of nondestructive est Insrumerts wore practiced, Flowing are the topics for recapiulaion. + Corrosion + Cerroaige machanism + Elements ofcorresion + Corrosion anviranrran's + Gorrasion centrot ‘+ Pein ard paint coating control coresion Curing ofpants + Surface preparetion’Stardards + Paint apptcetion methods + Coating fatras {Inspection ist-uments,caloation methods + ngpectors role and eeponsibities me ot Haat and safety vest be putin / Spplaat KSpecifiain ScorerCHAPTER 02 OVERVIEW OF PROGRAMME corrosion thor Substrates Contra are modification of Environment Surface preperation by centritugal bast cleaning! water eting Appiietion by special equipment ‘Specification, standards “ost instrumonta fr Inspostion Visible ané non-visible cortarinations Concrete Corrasion contrel by Matalurgicalichemical processes Linings Rania costings Speclal shop practices Protection of pipes/FBE ecatings Paint coatings Special coatings Importance of ccating survey and maintenance coatings ‘Seclaltests ane laboratory equipment Safety(CHAPTER 03 CORROSION ‘Corrosion ie deetuction or dateraration f @ matafal usually 2 metal because of ite reaction with environment to which tis exposed, Rusting of stl Nal Word Corosion is Werwed tom Latn expression CORODERE, which mean destruction, Corrosion is 3 natural prucass and over a period al metas end materials detaorate, loose thie properties ky reactng with enviroment CGomeran examples of corrasion ate > Rustng of tron > Temishing of Copper, Silver, Mickel, ec. Rete of corrosion of mails difer fom metalto meiat ‘Seine metals orraca eaey and fast Ea: Magnesum, Zine Metals ke Copper, Chrcrium and Siniess Stea take longer tine t correde as they reast wih cxygan from amasphare to farm a tht layer of oxide on he surtace. This acs. as @ barre lajer. This procass called passivation Corroslan is also called an electrechamical process as i invdves flow of alectrons, ‘through a conductive path and alse involas.a chetica reaction Corroson can be contolled, if © berier layer ib orastad evar the metal aurfoon. This Serre Injer shuts eff the environtrert to resct wih metal Whon eeintis apple over etsel surface, ne pein fm act es bait lever.Nateisls ke concrete, wcod, plastic alo corde, Mote’ ate extracted from her mnotels, cated ore ying under earth Takaevampla of mata Iran ‘ran date a8 Ken Ore von exids) under the earth in natural ste Fb0; /FesQs (oxides af an) arethe are cf ro, which sre ned cut and matin bast ‘maze along uth coke ard ime stone b produce ren. Netal In is futher reprocessec in rating Tumaces to mace steel a valous cxegores, ‘Salis an ay of ron and carbon. Other elements tka chromium, rckel, et. are added io Ssioal20 get spenitic oreperios, ‘Sipo| can be used for mary purprses. tis a major construction materia. Stee! has Ternebury, wetsapiey, can 9e mechined and "eat Veale, ‘banng tormation of Steel the metal retain same arrourt of energy, The ntinsic energy hed by tee! is released when corrosion sels ‘Al metals naterais nave a tenceroy torevert or go backto ts nathe state orin its orginal “This aspect s anatural pyancmencn falwing Nature's Law, ‘When cortosion sats in, Stal gradually lnges al ts properies and reverts tots oxide form — Rust r FesGs. (Oxo ot iron) GGorrosion cf iron Stools reverse of steel manufacturing. oe (Ca ter metals ke Magresium, Zina, All behave in simier way jr, Coppel, eb. 80 unger go corts.cn and MaMa RSD Ma a a © Sat. AILTLSL“The matalwhicn absoro more enetgy 2ortode esay andfasi, They are called ‘Active metals’ 9; Wagresum, Zine, Aluminum cals ike Old, iver, and Coppsr dat in pure fm and also as ore. These metals (Tosech loss enerty dung extaslion. Consequenty, thay do nat undergo corrosion easily. ‘These are called peslve or noble motals Eg; Gae, Siver, Patnum Ina caroslan cel 4 slomerts are present. They a 4, race 2. Cathate 2. Melle ath 4. lactate Anode [A cotmoson sell is a real, the anade Is the part that corredes and dissolves in the ‘lecrolyts and Lecome pestively charged ions, Electrons zie released in ard reaston ‘and travel to cattoce through mesa path. Oxidation takes ol corredes, anode Cathode fo at ancde, Anode hse negetiva polarity in a metal that lore noble area Ja neta, shat cortodes, Cathode Is ncble area. No ccrrasion takes pace ct eathed, Netas do nat gp ito solutor but the electrons eleesed in arodisraacton are corsumed Cathode has positive polarity atnoce bas oppose po takos place at cathoce. ity to anode Reduction Comparison of Anode and Catnode atl catate + Mewoon nde wea Suton een = Ramaton le des i petae_—_[[EEEEE Metalic Path Elocans laave anodes avd Yavel rough metalic pa t calle Stee suriace has both rocieenccathoro che. The surface of ames can actas metalic pat Porton AIssimier metas, rot in contac, an exieral connexon ' recuited fora careson reaction Electrolrte Electives ore scluvon of eats in water, Sall wher dssoves in water form ions. hen atoms lose or gin eloczono, ins ae forme. tans have & poste 0: negatve chawe ren 8 cations and snicns, An clastotais elaciricaly sonducing 1+ Ar elactolya therefore contaiy anne ana ators inthe salition that surounds he ‘ rretal * Aaions are neaaive'y chased tone and are aitractod to anodes (Chloride, Sulphates, Nitrates) * Satlons ara posttively charged ions anc are attracted to eathodes (Forrous ion, Zinc ion, Magnestum fon| 7 Rate of crtusion Is ntuencad by concertrafon af ions and thai motility, + Songer the electrolyre concentration, higher becomes the corrosion rate + Evon water or molsufe ian elect (weak) but when sels dlssohe in water a tong alectralyte ie formed = Hanyone ofthe members in ACME is absert, corrosion wil et take place. Tugew senPit er Two broad classes of corrosion fray, He BER afer dy oppo 3 Shypiig Conslcsehin Cntecon's dvided hte tie bau stasses °S S4y ig sare ¥ General corrasion ¥- Locallsed corrosion eae a Wie ate Sy wy J Me ee ace Generel corroston ke untorm comesion of meals and esus in untorm loss of rata is ‘ney to inspac: Do nat sa serious non Localised corrosion ret initorm conusion anchappens at discrete arezs. Adiacent area ef corrosion stack wil ba foo from corns. Loealsod Gonosich is diheuk thea ae beppons innairow gaps. itgoes unnctoed seen Taiko af ecuismedt can seek nescon lreato rage loseee: Cortsion aviviy a leealsedootosicn Stes cap Van che + Defects inecatings ‘Charges h cortaminaniso: pollutants *Changas h tre cactolye NANNNNANNAANAAAA,Lect sovrorion ie groupes ino to dasses ¥, Biting corrosion ¥ Crevice corrosion Pintng corraston IW erodes end eathode remain in sane area fer some tine, corrosion wil be lozalzed lomting o ritira corrascn, Pts formed san accelerate corrosior, inteasing te rate of aac and can perforate the surface, Crevice Corrosion Ccrevoo corrosion haopen 1) when metal surfeoa is shielded rom ful exposure Horn Stmesprare Decavse of closa proxy of another vsteral forming a nnvrow Gap. ketwaen Td Direrense m euneortraicn af oxygen or clesreite between inside and auside of tha metal Locelized correnan wi eause unexpected mainteterce costs iFit goat umotcad plant and snzchinery wil fal lesting to extastoghic losses Following stmosptere condtion If uence carosion, Haher the corbertratan of eat of these, onrasion Fase wl also be high + Oxygen + Temperature 2 chemizot ears + Humidity + Polutants ard acidic gases oxygen “The concentrate of oxygen infvanes the coreson eg. Croviee corosien, Oxygen concertraton cell ‘igor cencentston Iss craven zea compared to outsice: Cnygen dofcient area cama anode. ‘Temperature CCorrasion rate increase with inerease in temperate 68 rate most of chemical reaction (Folens wt temparsivre and vee versa In iw lemperelure, corresion rake drop or‘Chemical eaitsSats in marine airinephare disses in moleture and fom sirora obe oie Cometion apceds up Hamiity Humiityis @ measure of moisture center in ar Mista dlsohes sclts ard paleo form ‘srong electrobte Corresion does not take place in dy alr ort steal surtace i kent ory Curing heavy rain, water washes awey nan adhavent oxide fm fom surface wich was Itheto sting 2° aberiarlayer ptecting the surface Pollutans and aclite gasos Irdustial amosphere is pelted with gasas tka sarhonl.asice, hyerogen sulphide, Ssuphurc-oxide sulphoxide, Nivic aidde and chotine. Thee geses dietae olsture ane eandense on the metal as acs, fom etrong oletraytes end increase fhe rate atearnainn ‘Suspended dust paticles ebsorb molsture and act as eectolyts en metel surface. Gatvanie Corrosion Galvanic corrosion isthe elscirochemisal ation of two dies'niar metas in enact in the Plesence of an elsciraiyi, ard ar election condustive path The snow reactive ‘érrodao 2 sates he most nobie mete ‘The potertil aitlorcca boiveen the tvo meials and the distanin ga vanie sees table “The nati of tha environment ‘The polaization behavior ef the metals or aloys ‘The eroa of anode and cathode. Omell aca of aus end wigs cathode end upin severe (Other corrosion mechanisms + EROSION CORROON —HIGH VELOGITY LIGUID INPINIGMENT ON METAL + FRETTING CORROSION ~TWO METALSIN COTAGT HAVING RELATIVE MOVEMENT + CAMITATION ~ SUDDEN COLLAPSE OF VAPOUR SUBBLES 10PPPS rr Cathotle protection ACHE members mee! tonether,esul is carrsion “anede is ste where meal aissoWves i eiectolyte. Irws eliminate one member fom ACME we cen cotrl coresion react, ‘Anode 6 where metal dissoles in the eleeohte te starourosion Wf anode i sirsiated no Covtsion takes pee. Cathedie protacion mokat uss o his principle ard entire surface ct tied fo be arolotad @ wade as coda Cathode protection i used far buriad structures crunder water instalavons. ekes use of Jv of electro cuore thicugn the structure to be protected Paint coathg insulates te subateto Hom flow of eigctic eurrent cariad by the elactolte Imoistra) from envronment, Higher the resisiarce of the coating lesser becomes the tument requrzment fer zathcdie pretacion Thus pant cveling complieert or support cathode protection and reduce marterance cost ‘The two mathols of cathods protection are Sacifcial node system anc impressed cure system. ‘Sacrificial anode system Maia's higher in gaNenic seflacare seleviee as anodes and ertir stool suraoeis made ‘cahode. Both anode and cathode are buried under soi. Soll acts as este. Anode and ‘cainece are alecticaly connected. When the ciui: is complete corosion tates plece at ‘Gnode and cathoze is protected. Aluminium, zinc znd magnesium are used 8s anodes. Gggnestiog Atle pr es Impressed currentsystem When a Direct coment is applied en agreundec mata surtace, the surfaces veces cathede dd al anode area le ules, A staaized AC votage Ine supsly i tskon through a sep denn ansfonner end fecfied fo gota steacy supply ef OC voltage. The postive tein is ted ts tho grand bod of anodes, che curent tavels through the sel (slecravts) 10 ‘he steel aisle fo ke ototested and kack to thenagative fan ofthe recs. The aystern ‘mest efentve fore protean af strciurs, pps bun of immersed. a‘Tha protection ctlered is stun by Soi resistivity, urinterusted supply of OC pover won aren cere orthoses apy | Calhodle :otztan& not.stabo for aleve groundirsslcions we af fs not good conductor af sleet attic oti i sutahe for sructirae bused or ude inmarsor ¢ nla sip) Factors forinstallatien, ‘Study coil rabtivity ‘Yanation in Environmental a 3 a a a a a sq Sq q x a x 4 a a a g a a | | Cathodic Distondment Eras catode zotsionvthge asa the rant sng Sanat by feman of los or attocor abt atcxtro,Gahade dibaantie sepeston & Solna oo oe Stn Beng protected, un lence > votagraread 5 Cothodisdiabendrion text nerefore measure the reststance of paint ecating to DS oarrent. \. 2b ec b E E E KR b E E RS: QL iG RS BS RK E law: a 5 ke K Revision paints + fnacorosion sal, Anode goas hie solution n the-elecroyte, Anode fs tees noble + Oxleation et anade and reduston at eshode + ACM required for coresion + Corosion thatis uiferr on the entre surtace- general eorTtor: + Cathode protectin Is used on bua pives and esc on ships which eve under Aluminium Zine and Magnesiun mecais ae used as anodes, in Sacrificial method of Gatnoalc Proweton ‘Corrosion reves of steel manufacturing Corroton ie Electra chemical process + Coating and CP are ueed togetner costing tecdure current requiremert and CP costs + Catt protection make use af fow of etic curertthrcugh stuctures buried of imnosed + Gahule Pretection using improsead currant ie most affectize fo balow oround storages «cane stoniren otnere amare srg + Piting ene crevice are precominant fons cfcorostan in inversion carves + Gelvanis eonosion the ebstechoriea setion of ta sssiar malas contact in the presence of an elecvolne, and ar electron contuctve cath 4+ Intuenoe of OTCHP on rate ofcorrosion § + Cathndeispondmentis seperation ot costng fom steel due te high ep curent) Fry+ Twomethods of CP sre Sscificil anodo and inptessed cunent systert + Passivation isthe formation of protec oxice fim on some mates reacsna with ‘oxygen thus reducing Is chemical acluly ond ts sb ty te corrode, Ex Stanless Bee, nicke + The predominant fons of loelied corosion faund on marine srucures ae sitting enderavies ecrotion Al forma WOE Ree thu t Film ¢ oxide £ it hb renenedd yy toate wie Me ced 4 i eypbicd — gtomnlly tte oid agen th enave hey lied. Rate YA layer Ly Get Katy, Ga fiifeie Prafle: ay by eke Pad Aredied Abe 4ITITTTTITTTITTTTT TIITTT (CHAPTER 04 Besides stel and cancite other substrates like copper, alurinu, etiniess steel (nota. nickel, brass, bronze, gahanised etecl surfaces, tn, cadmium and magiestun undergo corrosion and re tobe arosctet, wat is aNon-ferrcus materia? Non-ferrous motal i ny mal, including alloys, tat does rot contin iron in appreciable amourts Non‘errous mateial ara ronmagnaie ane ‘have gansraly Petter sorosion resstarce Im P14 pregrar:protzction of scel by paint ccatngs was extensively studied, etrer methods of orotetion ul ba cigcusead in his. rogenm, ‘The sutstiates are coated for ane ar mare ofthe llowing “sasone. © Corrasion resistance © Decorative or for casmetic appea © Marking and Identrication Paina nspactors shall realise thst no ehgle mothed cf eurfacs prepereion ard coating is sulable for diferent substrans, Genes pas Substrates like stelnless steel, i, cacimium anc nickel raact with oxygen from acsivatien. The filn formed & rohrre-t. Thee mites can be degreared by overs ot ther dgressing chamlesle ane ooatod with eutabe paint If must spots are seen on Stzinlose siccl lightly abrade er blast clean using honmetallc abrasives ike alumina cr lass beads Aluminum reacts wity mosphere fonnind a week non adhoventexide yer This tyar ist be removel porto pairing, She Alunium is & softmetal abrasive Dast cleaning is nat 4eneraly cone. Surlaoe preparation done with atch primer. f contiact calls ‘or bast leaning, ceep profie shall be avoided while Blatt cleaning aluninium. Aluriniim is son ‘tal and whie bist cleaning 978 er me abrasive ene ar pleseure shall be kop low Coppar supstetes a'e dagroasad with saWvents aid cleaned and then tresiac with spacial themica’ teatiert that leaves 2 patina net too-castsuraces, hate having a patina willy gute GE ors ox gts A heare by Tey erpoluae Leeds deareased, abraded lightly and enatse ‘SORROSION AND CORROSION CONTROL OF STEEL AND OTHER SUBSTRATESC pekee ayers. fact fare me ote mE ft Eappe sol pet © o trallonie, od ee Novdest Galvanized surfacas fora pastve layer of zine carbonatesine nydraude which s removed ‘wa ec pier (aclae "ratenal Cetore pant coat. +All nonferrous materiais*eact uth alcancy of concrete and therefore to be coated ‘or protection = == eran nonferous retas in censtant cortact win some bata meters must be protected. Preeet nefrerous rts fom bilding rnter alike Cororete + Cement ard cement mortar + Ue mortar + Brickwork {To gotect ne norterious metal, oaa: wrth an apgropriata akal-resistant coating tals tke alumni snd lead whieh occupy lower postion in the galvenie sees require brotacfon and sz! rot drecty contactacive melas ike magnesium, zinc ‘ean voirts ‘Where metalsjoirs ere scldored, welded. or brazed, taka care lo rmova fux residue before cooing aback hg vole cain Be oe ‘Wood is coated far ceccratn, prolacion,sealirg poe, stabil, presenvator and tiame / ‘fe tetrdance. Alolland grease shall be removed ay pewer washng, Sarding can be done with hand dic Any mildew fomed stall be cleaned with trsodiun phosphate and sypochoritsealuton 4 nant Ler suatare Umi Paste Is cteult io coat (penne : Stainless steal recuites special care for sufece propamtion No fee. ar ahladde toriaminaton le allowad on tha surcca, Shat peoning wih gaee oasce er blasting with alumine orgainetis tone. Stairless sluel surface vil have protective oxide eyer whichis to be removel ty atave metroas or vith ton primer, beforapaineng, Some haravoods, such #8 cak, chestn.t and tung eleate zccic materials. Protect lea and fn {they ae tbe Incortac: wih these materials. 16 pba aanganaqan2qaat1aAane Anna nnnnanene2ataanananadReviston Points + Substrates are ovate for flowing reasons, Catrosion resistance, decoration oF cosmetic 2opeal ene idertieaton + Aluminium forms non acherent oxide fim tal as te be rerioved before coating. ‘Ave bigh pro wi ering with send or plans + Cettain nonferrous metals in constant cortact wit some bulcing materials must be protected corereie, cervant and cement mortar. Lime mortar BickwOK + Wood costed tor stapity and tre retardance + Whara joins ara soldered, welded, arbrazed, tate cast, Leloed-— TITIIITITISTITVTT IT ISIS TTT TTT TTT TTT TTTITTITITTTTITTITIT ST: (CHAPTER 05 CONTROL AND MODIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENT Four elements are required fora corosion reaction. They are: © SD ehucede fe 1. Anode ‘ 2 Gatose PT rreek 2 Metal petty H Renovol of 4 Serene cere hah dass pris Ceygen and melstre tom armosonere ase inuans@earason.. Oc yc Lt tanta | ve Call 4 In confired spanes, enviranmtent an be central to contol carresion by reducing moisture leveling he nei stmosprere = ah hayes tell ‘Air pextto stee surfs ar just above steel suface s caled boundary Tayel} Keesing the ‘1001 suface dry lone wil ret stop coroeion. i soal sutaces are contaminated wih sats t ill aeot moisture tom Boundary layer and form eecrelye. This ean nagosn during the |nght wen air cools lading to sosdoneation of mobture vapeur inte quid winer, wetting soo eufaca, Corrosion sets in. CCorrsicn of stool can be zontrated by + Kooping tho stael dry by inowasing suiace temperate + Remave mistire rom aircon the boundery aver by dehumidication ENCLOSURES In nigh nunid zores, I ls camman nw to put enclosures over trdges, storage tanks and ‘ane buldeor Insialaions to contol vaatve humidity By ceburlfenton Hefore aurace reperaion and coating eperaton Encloures shallbe = Large enoeghto cover the area and nats have tuo Eig szothet affects performance of donc + Minmum leaks fo eficent working + There shal be preper accessbity for safe working of crew and costing Instr. + Proper verlaton,evacveticn and removal ot ests to be ensured Sal be sturdy toFaea sudden adverse weather condition 8Environment control ay Dehumiaiication Ochumicification is a process of removal of maistura from ar enclosed spe to lowor the dew point tampersture ‘This operation is possible enlyn confined spaces. Dehumiaiteation wilt conel a sortesion cll y contoling electrobte Mestre) ‘Ateath tempercture, a can hold a sercin maximum emourt ol molsture vepcur Relate hhumicityis the mt of actial mostuie vapour presen in the ai 4 maximum emeunt of ‘meisture the air can bold fer 8 ghun temperaure. Relative Hud iy & exoreasas Higher the relsive humelity,righer wil bo the cow point temperature and rate of cosicn, \Whon dew pal is reacted meistuts vapour cordeneo on the aubstat= ng hqutl water, et the steel surtace anc azi as electrelite fr e cormsion reaction From 2 confiiad space itis diffcutto remove meisura by heating air ancthe rth ie aleo inpractcat ee ee gm mantint of Kane nanny Mets Air na Mair AIK a eecal once, C tongireds 'When Fo a is ctculated i confined soaoash contnadepsccs folowing pens we to be uncerteod totale ightarthan cod ai ard enclosed pace not ei 2ccupes the top and cod AF setes at theater Statteaton ef laa) ee + Saensatancherces. re rare wnen colt at steep atthe botonofendoaad) "Recreate at repped stn av canister Number otmas ts done pe hee atone ‘ore 0‘ a wmsis desl wherees ordi ase Teepuneral Ts onus nent ewe aees ye TEL Fo, ef ele hang iges Coen ate > Denumther ype as oe > Owrmrsrentmert Maniacs tania os fo. Wate nn > Pak vigor se DDehumlsestion is eno oto meliads to remove he moisture chr’ Soe envrennent ofa tank veel et sovtedl feonen Seine *ups FITTTTTTTTTSTTTTTTTTT, Denumidicaton s done by‘wemetes | 2\ Desleeaton 19x" ow *Y Absorsert desiccant (Liquld} Refrigeration +) Inrefigeration process, air from enclose spats passed through reigerant cals, ai ges Gilg, Gew pont setsin ana mobi vapour In tha ar condenses es wate. Ihe eondenset war is puryped aut The ait coming out wil nave low reat humisty endow daw paint Such a srulted in confinad apace i fey cry ond no ‘ordensetior takes place cn the substrate Linitations ofthe procass are Alitemperature nasto be high Moisture evel aso 1 be high Low ar temperature can cause freezing cf the rerigarafon cos, Less efteive in wirter marine orn Nortuem climate as fermperature and hurd ty + Refigaraion in combiratten with absorsent and adserpiion dehumiaers nas 0 De ‘ore in such situston followed by hesing Desiceation + Desiccant chamicals have great any for water or moisture, *+ The mo'sturcladon sir Fon confined spaces passed through a bed of desiccant chemicals. Mbistueis retainec by des ccants and er coming out wil 96 fee at moisture, inere are two types of desiecants ‘Absorber type j \f 2) Adserbene type i Litium clforla, sunhure acit a bithylane co! a examples ond abeorkont type lesiocants. When ar is paseed through theso chemicels mcieture is absorbed fiom ak io ther molecule. air coming cutis diy. Advoroert destesant (aot) {Silbs-gel and caiciun chlbrde)nolong to this clase cf desiccant. When ais passec through “These chemicals Moisture is telained on the surface of these charisals. Such surface phenameror is called aasorption, [ter seme period of eperation te eufaco of desiccants gote acturetad with rlsture, No futrer maistu'e canbe retained on the surfacay fase cesiccants, x that tin. hemicels moisture can be wiven oT Jad again the surface > some quod edsorvens for rernoval of moisurs fom at, However contaminants Ik al ¢r ust sell Over adsorber: deslesan's clock of He tre ‘eactve surtace ct desiceant ard moature vill ot be removed Contaminated desiccants wil not rameve moicturand chal be doce aff ar ecard 2 eke ih ADDR EOTUTTTTTSITITITTTTT TTT TT TTT) TITITITT. Why we do Deturntdeatton? hn fa Be sian en ain fo 19 Zeta Scher en pT we’ ft ca eae prom To of cating do to tistonng and peo. Whon 8 Gafned space b Geturmutied re rarity w Moxgh fo ‘ai llovd whicican held teased seco pati fr exendey pte, DDehurniicetion aids in fast evaporation pair solvent ‘Ovarcoatintaral pericd can be reduced Fester curing of coated pant can be achieved Ine oparatia can te cared roughout tne ver. Atlow humiaty workmen contors teter ‘When theres 10 moisture i ar sats in a earmot for elacto ye and no eorosien takes pace. Reviefon points + Dahuricfication ie the precece of ramosirg moire vapor fom-he arts lower te dew point a + Al next stole called boundary layer + To roduce RH of boundary layer increase Surface temperature or reduce motsture by dehumiatcation + Two methods of dehumisioation are Refigerai >a and Desiccation + Slica gelis & good desiccant + tectonic Rygremeler ead RH, Dew pon temperature temp + Dosiecarts saturated wih moisture no longer remove moisture + Simian cortamineeddsiooas alo wil at hole moira, tyheatha + Dehuriccation controls envrorment in enciosed speces vessels and tanks + Adsotbont typo” dasiccans can be raganer + Halpin foter evazoration of salves, Hele blasted sutaze, redice overccatlntanal ‘dl ro seasonal inluence, Curing is fas aTITITTTTSTT ITT TITS TT TIT ITS CHAPTER 06 SURFACE PREPARATION CENTRIFIGUAL BLAST CLEANING AND WATER JETTING program 1 ceat surface preperation teshniques live subwn! céaning, hand lool power ‘eol deanny ara manual abrasive bast cleanin, “The relevan: leanhg standands of NACE/ISOISSPC wore also stucied “Two addtional metiods, vz; celta blast Geaning and wate Jeting are Incuced n mis CCentrifigual blast cleaning or whee! blast clesring process, The gar f ha sloaned je meved irto @ bat cabinet Df sylincrcal rola nelda the blast cabiret, abrasian are tfronn by a motorised rtating woe on the pate be cleaned FFanaing equipment icsds the parton te a moving comvaya-. As the part enters the bias: ab nat, fe abzssives flowing down irom a hopper by gravity als nie toa impeller which ir turn dred t tothe rotating vanss othe blast wheel. The wil propel the abracivea te the part entering the blast abet, ‘The abresWe Is recaverecin the botom recover} hapaer and gues to air washer where fine dus: and u'dersized abvasives are separated, The clesned atrasves are ratumes fo the ‘mab hopper and reoycled, In Conrifgual bast cenira dust is contained i the blast cabine. ‘and therefore working environment cutsidathablast cabinet i free of abrasive dust __( Grit stdshat ae he nb *sives used in whi bast operation”) eal, wa eee si Shot claan and dreak millscale and lenve a pearing effect ‘Git soour and produce profiletansno pata, Goad blasting achieved when a rage cf abrasives nix iho and are sect ‘The equbment is shop mounted and some consicer ¢ clsaavartaga that t has few moving Pitts ane ths bulk aquipirent canna! be moved fom cna acation to other “The agree of earings noLafected by pressure ar volume ofthe air a compressed air ‘ct usad for propeling the abrasives. (Diferorce from conventorl mania abrashe Hast The efficiency ofthe operation isinctalad ty the fl nad reading of arimeter, connected to FaVITTTITTTI TTI IS TTT TST T TTT ITT TT ‘The abrasives stall be Fee from cil and grease. Can:aninated atracives shal be ciscarded lant disposed of Peining inspector to encure this ay camying out val teat and ofer tests ‘mentee inthe etandard. ‘The machnery and inelallation costie high. Parts weer is egnifoont, ‘Odi and inogulaly shaped pats cenratbe deaved by ins process. ‘The operation isnot labour intensive, polttion tee as dust is contained. atrng the ial cost the procass s considered enonomical ‘Small porable inetaliston is nowadays availabe for centitugs! Hest cleang of emall artoer Tumbina Mit Muli Tage Plain Tabla Special dasign for ord shaped somporents boty fable ‘The cleariinase standarde are game aé that of Manual Abrasive Blzet clearing Wateriettng Aven Oprafele » Wier iting fsa method of surface preparation where Fgh pret sure water is freee through 4a nozaia te the substate, which isto ba cleared oir ta coating, vt mc pace ape a Gian ge pa nmearnyw oa ices rt tse eS pipes oie ranean 000 oe rosso. ‘The mathed (el utbn Kee eompstocte ator mothode of sla propaten. The operaion can be cared out even até Potable water feed thraugh Sieor fir is use. NACE W SSPC-WiJave jpnt eurfaco praparsion standard for outface’ properstion and closrire o' retals by visterieting Bhgus gRASEMIBSNE SP ME 1) og ill b ESaumoE essen ak fp resins ica wc e.ow S000 leiow at lwo 000-10009 [sees lw fq002-3 000 [e207 [wae lascve ion [anova LPwe Low prossire water clening HWS Hghoressure water ceening HPWJ Hoh pressure water jetiag UHPNU Utrahigh pressure wear jatingDieses previo vd sion dene ‘Water jettng ope-ation require minimum oko trained opsratora) one operates the pump land otter the nozz. The pump operator constant watches tre nozzle operate. .Thay exchange duty a mpuar_ntervas. The nozzle operctor exporonce kak UrUst ding ‘operation. Tha back thst shal net be exzoed 1G body weight ‘Water joting preduves zero surface profile, Du exp08es the existing protle of erevous surface ceaning operations. The steel surace fnish cannot be compared or covelated wih mental blast cleanha fnishes| ‘Saray estos hia eames “nahin stu nses shal bs cornet nie deen "The see ‘af powet th a sive fa gos tempor and intatndous bron f fase CUS Tre hoe 8 deed bw tand 25 ies the ors Apes cnt coun na ohne par + Wis Cloaning to bare substrat: The suraos shal ba fre ol vib rust tri ‘esl, cd costings and foreign matter. om of daipe alls leaning: The suace shall be fae of visible cust, oil, arease. cust Randmiy dapersed stairs cust. tightly adhorent thin ccatlrgs and ther ighty aahernrt foreign rathc presen eallones toa maximum of 6%) = W0-8 Thorough cleaning: The suave shall be fae of al vibe ursase, ci, i und rat Randeniy dispersed stans of rus, ighty adherent coatngs and cther tiny atherent foreigr matter if presentis alowed up toi33%) © Ws Light cleaning: The sutacs snail pe ree >t all viewip of greaee, on, ue, 1086 rilhseale,To=Se 1 Toose costing, Any residual ratte sll Le tightly adhere Flashrusting ofsteel_ Flash rustne takes place wihin twa hours as te steal cries after water jting. This can be prevertad by treating the watar with eer inhletors chemicals ike sodium ahosphata, Flow coating manufaciur’s instucton, cn use of inhibitors. _Noriesn ust; _ The eurfase exritite no cue +_Light: _ “Te surface exhibits yelow brown rust yer through which steel substrate is vsible. Rust layer acherent and not easly removal by wipirg with som ee a ELEM AAAAARAVEDVEEN ADD OE DEE RRR RRR RBs Bile Ds: + Moderate: ‘The suface exnbijellow brown ust ayer that hice the ste! subsite. Rust layer oat, ‘ressonabiy adherent ard on wiping leaves Mgnt mers + Heavy ~"Hsevy 760 brovmn rust hides the intial surface comle‘aly. Leaves elgniteantm ‘th whan wiped \aterjeting is considered as hazardeus operation, all work shale cara ou following ssi oracteos. s Robotic Water jotting ss = ML aed opin fa “Robo chnooy sad in nate tng oparatons, The gun saline vit Seo.um erases Theat peation cari ext ond srs by «Gg (rpeatr ey, a Advantages ef welerjoling operation Wore safety Nola ai qualiy Respiaionrequements msg be ess skirgert ysicorarindin of 39a-p Fiery ome enatorenent Folavay eet fare Disadvantages of Wator jetting operation Ecuipmentis very expensive Do nat predice rei Bangor af UnPhese beaking Danger of injecion int the shin er serous ors ‘Galteting and csoasing ths centeminated wale) tld operas are requred Sefety Issues that areto be stricty fotowed The work area is prove-ly havicaded with appopsiote warang signe. + Elentical eat inmert is propery envared ane protested fam the water + Alfitings ard hoses are in cco sonston (act wom er eemaged) and have the rope pressure rating ior the wording pressure ta be ured + Nozzles are open and rae o®obstusions, * The corpiete system is fushed clean and sirremaved fem te eystembetore | intaing trenor7ie ! + Elestraal cables dosnottouch the water + Banicade tne ortirsere + Allwaste water dspae= system ie apsrasonal 25Revicion pointe ‘Contrugal Blast cleaning No last pot in Centiigual sae clearing ‘See! ul, steal shot are generally the zbrasvas sed Economics! process, dust contained , shop process Cilané grease contaminated abrasives shall e cisposed of ‘Aeait nct the cving mec the pressure ancvoluma of sirillnataffet:ho proses Equipment ia shop mounted and also used Using steel ant for aurasive blasting sinless steal may alin iran staring that cancausecorascn Revision points wacerjotting FRenember the operating pressure ranges for Water cleaning and water feting as aiven in NACE War 88PC vis ‘Water ating precuice ze proie but eypes> already exetirg profile. cannot move ‘exiting orale and is diferent fiom wat basting All hoses are io 83 cenrected by whip lack devise Hoses are previded vith a siroud to giva temporary protection # hese bursts Hoses ahallwithsiane 2 ¥ tmes operating pressure ll haves are0 D9 canected by wip ok dev se Rokotic wer jatng controlled by sigleapesaioe \What ae he advanteges ard deadvariagsc in ‘AJ eperatin compared terval Dlast cleaning? What are the safely precautions to be taken in Wi operation? Nore ofthe standards menten ihc limits of non-vsibte contamination (level! sells) andit sup to specifier to set the lini of eas ‘var jetting cone at operating pressure ct 10, (G0 at aflew rte ef 340 mle 1008s Stand of distance botwosn rezso snd ubatete is 2 Inches remove Rest and hi eae Blow 10.000 psi operating pracoure remove laase rst loos coating, mille « not erraved ‘At 10,000 psi uniform mate tinieh which ums io golden huait inhibtoris rot edd, bac oxide remcved slouly ‘AL ZD,000 psi unform maite ish which tuto golear tue rhiboris rot added. Black ose. Pain aodting, Paiethylane shea nrg le remove Above 44,000 psluniarm geldon fue end most of Mil cesteis emoved fore moving pats. Sone portable equipments AMAA ETE PENA RAPTEePRAAeeannar qCHAPTER or APPLICATIONBY SPECIAL INSTRUMENTS. Painting wah brush, conventional air spray anc ailess spray were deat lal t program. Formeating the soecal deriands ofthe industry, ew applcation systems for costing have Plulal-component Spray Systems, Elestrostats Spray ortega Spray fr Pipe Internals Flow ane Foca Coatng | Retar Chapter 15) Plaralcomponent spy a! 16 Bip Choses TS & ‘Ts conng sya wes covlped 0 2st mut component pat mls tat tv ft Ke of ew seco of mts. nant cure by heal co eaten ee Fis Stove, poets ane Pay wows fn ty i Mae Sprayed haan spec gue ‘Thm cmgoneni ofthe pei 8 pureed om kel sears Uo soars hoses wich hen ges rec tera tin the uno onsrth not othe gm ‘Atanaey e mr can discs core amar mse beterethe spray gu Creat gipaten of soo eT on he ennapad (Eis 00% sas ret can be sprijea)” Anat moor ahve too ato pangs Sach pump Ire to cover tea quent lied atthe anil mer hed he gino pay ator oui gu he bins ae ceanngh ase ets pump ced he pure puna dvr tered svt io purge te ines. he mented ad in spray gun THs denna ecied fo prover sng of ga ie ed plein opelaton (A te mae eainge ave a vary kw pote) The ‘eal pair sd ony as punpasron coven rrp, In ytaberaio amos he lace col nothin ofthe amp icke cv of purine Otinresiosin he ae eis Antankesks waew Gey ore res os eat a be C : lateens sey pate he ae vinaiis + Bib agp dat te tom vfteasity, |s pre heated In s hesterinstaled on line ard! soreyed chrough sir spray or aliess| lis. The heating reduses the vecosty eects beter id flow end parting is done on & fast rate Hot spray erblas coating of pares having vary high Sivalume solids ‘Advantages of Hot spray apollcatlonare uniform viscosty, coating with less cuns, sags, uniform coating thiciness, beter adhesion, fester eryng tine ec Aoplcaion at low ab tenperatur is presi. Gare chal be taken to contol he heating, Foluw nesucton reeorimended by paint 2 ‘menufaoturer. o prevent demage‘e eoating < my bee a ewe vie 2h, Elsctoatatic spay 2 ee wee Fheehiesy ‘Rrecki t mph tole frags @ ger fp (ey 2 nie glahe elect lectricaly charged by application of nigh voltage au kw/tdeke ate gun : tattiele fonizee pieleup aocitve charge + Thearticle tobe coatee arourded (neqetie charge) Ee ee rns ne Soa ientewen srenes ‘i, oehee 6 Less over spray 1 rec Gedian|baipewcie spy ‘high slectriccharae is apolied 10 che particles a6 they come out of pait soray aun, gets lonized ipick up charge) and gets atacied to tre grourded component, to be painted Because of eketrostetieatacton, part is enatet an al areas, erga, carers; 2p etc. Tre ‘wraparound offect is as igh as 98% of move. The epray less ie miimal and wanstor sfckncy is very high 98%. Edges nave beter Duta Lp, oor free baw Gin Woo fi rh +{ 2 PPPDAADNAAADD BPEPAMANAADADIOTT ananas An i80 alae oven Diedvanages ty lf 0 + supsiaie costed nas to + Spec onuletad coatings ro roquitad + (ne coat only can be aoplad|as the surface gets insulated and elextrestats aftacion qets reduced, +The equipment works cn high vokage (80-80K\), hence safely pracautions withave fo betaken +The cost of equipment s very tig dacbe och wilt ef eames 7 "I Contitigual pray a3 fii lect hon, eee conti ine ay aby 3b ‘Tne pairti6 etomised by a spinning disc or by brush in the gun tip. Usuely uses in snp pplication for coating Irerra was of pipes and other corrponents. This gun = rot ‘gutabie ‘or eprsying chopped glass forex Social attention is requited for inspection of NFT, holday ard sure As usual ambient ‘ondtiors end surfaze cisaliness will have t¢ be monitored. Purging with ait may De Fequre to cive outsole ar proses cunng, eT ten fig eck SPUN ce et da Sunming PT a ek BOS TT ows Gunting is poms of appv hcfonres| erie and comers mera he shauiot rough ginmccossiy cangreste Comontiious mucus ara wetted and forced theaugh @ nozzle. Stacks, chemical pronescig nelistnas use this proses f the gunna mbture Is toc wet wll nol old nfo the surface and fall back. if too try it wil bounce tack The process recuires mere operating crew. Tha opertion is fas: ard complax anni can be costed. If wind velecity s high the coating aaeraion vill be sfected. Gunitng stats ‘fon bottom vertical arap and fished atop vertos!ohop. uty of eo nant , Stl Shobeate patella hh Cee wv St out pwd eiek vated de fella sohy a DP Hove endl Guniting Machine Hye doudprmer [hing wg Hoph_tont 29 Jel mont ruled shemtbes , > TITTTTTITT TTI TTT TTT TTTRevision pains ef ‘6 Plural component spray + Theis nbinguston me + Paints may be heated tocuttroviecoety and batts fui ow “+ Paint componants are puripad tom diferent containers inthe creo aie by metered pumps and mixed in @ manifold (Fved rao and vanabe rato}. Ekctionic ‘omrolof rump mechanism takes care of arable ratio mactines + Solvent purge pump push the soWent trough thelinesrraifold and guns to clean Up tne residual ingredients ef the paint components 1 Sta in ine means ere tne fo intemal mix plurel component system + wit estemal mie rural camporent soray gus the mails mixed nthe spray pattern in fort ofthegun Advantoges + Rowurate autemate materia ming + ‘The atltyto spre apply very thick sovert-ree materials without thinning 1+ The abinyto spray tera wan very shat po es Disadvantages +The cost the equipmentis mach ignerthan the coet of asinglspison pump +The taining ‘eaucemert fr te operoris igh han convertionlsystoms “The hoaters rewire high voage slocticiy + This ype of equioment may have as many aot hoses atacred tothe gun, making the apalicators job more afcut Electroattic spray Advantages, + Carne shaped aril can to coated + Less over spray + Traneleracionay fe hgh compared t a spray 9a 20 AAAANaAAae Eee| Disadvantages Coating formulation ic ertoa!— must be dasignse fer elostrostas sary Notall costings suitable for elecrostats spray applization Canny be used an motal a aitabe conductive cubetrate suay only are coat of materia canbe applied cus lo insulting characteristics ot tue eaathge arer appieaton TTT Fig votage eafety issues (chock [Equioinent oats very high compared te conventenal spray system Cenuitugal spray + Chopped glass ize's cannot bo propolled or arrayed by centifugal spray + Internal walls oflarge pipes are usually costed by bis metnce Gunting + ne qunitig mtu is toc watt wl net held en to the surface andl back or stump + oe dry will bounce back + Ganiing state fom bottom vertical top ane ried! a tp verte drop. Flood coating * Pein: purped and potted on the aril kept ona pan. luge transformers and heavy ‘aricles areora:eo; excess pants recovered fern he pan and recycled. Allareas ‘cannot be inspected fer surface ceaniiness and DFT BS Lo E E c E E E E B b BG E E EaDisadvantages ‘oatng formulate ie etal mis be desigra to slecronate spay ‘or al eoatings sutabe for electrastale spray applcalion Can only be used on metal or titabe aandistive subsite Usualy only one coat of rat tial can be applied due to insulating charazteistig ct the costiras ater aepicstien igh voltage saiaty issues (shook) *Etuipment cost vay high compseo te conraional spray system Sontritugel spray “neh 883 Mors. canct be propele or srayed by cenriigal spray ‘eral of age pipes are usaly cone by this mattod uniting + tthe guniting mixture isto wes Sump + Iffoe dry it wi ounce beck Gann state fom botion vertcel drop ar thine tp verte cep all ot hold on to the surface and fal back or Flood ccating en ee 4 powed on te ate ket ona pan, Hane ronatormare snd hsevy ‘aisle erecoated, excess paht is recovered frm the han and recyeled. Align ‘snot bu inepeece for surface deanliness anc DERevision pointe Pur lcomporontepray “There is ne indyetion time Pints may bot to ul th sissy an! bla Mil Pairt caponentsare pumped ftom offre contines in the correct ratio by mmateres plmps arc mixed na mantold(Fat0 rato and varable rato. Electronic contl af pump mechanism takes care of vaable rato mactines Solventpurge oump gush the sovet through he Ines, mano and guns to dean up te rasicualing edenis ofthe pant carrocnents ‘Satis nine rixere aa forint mi plural comsonest system ‘With exieral ix plural component spray quis the material mixed in the spray pattem in tonto me gue Advantages ‘Accurate automeats mated mig “The abiity to soray apply ver thek sohentfiea matatale wihou thinning “Theabiity to spray mates wih very shot aetihes Disedvantagan “The coet ofthe equipment i much highor than the cst ofa sing piston purnp ‘Thetraning requrementfor the operate i higher than comsertonal systems ‘The estore requto High votage aacriciy This type cf equipment may have 25 many tot hoses attached tothe gun, making ‘he appears job mare aout Comploe shaped artices ean becoates Less over prey ‘Transfer eficieney is high compared to lr say 98% 2 LEER VVCA AED EE EE T, AAATITITITITITTITITITSITIT IIIT TIT IT TT TTI TTT TT. Disadvantages ‘Coaing tormuaticn Is etal —must ne desigres fr elestrostatcsoray + Nota watngs sutate fr elecrostatesxay aplication ‘Con ony be Leet on meta or sua conducive substrate Usually onl one coat of material can be applied due o ineulating characteristics of the coatings ater zop cation + High votage sefatyisaues (evock) * Equipment costs vary high cemoared to conventional spray system Centetugal spray + Chopoee glass thers cannot bo propelled ar aprayee by contifugal pray * Imerra walls cfarge pipes are usualy costod by tis method Guntting + tf guriting mixture is too wat twill not hola cn tothe sirtace ancl fa bad or stump + Iftoo dy it wil bouree back, + Gunting stats tiem beter vetcal crap and Tnished et top vertical orop Flood costing + Pantoumped and poured on the artis kept on = pan, Huge baraformers and hoavy Aficlesareccated; excess palit ic recovered from the pan arc recycled. All awe ‘cannat be inepectod for surface clarliness and DFT anTTT r LITITTITITT ITT (CHAPTER 08 DAT ey, BA SPECIFICATION, STANDARDS. ‘pening Gani sides yu, baT 6 wae toda whan to do at to cany outthe wove. Ffals eamething epaafieto da Some spesificton is writen without clity anc peintig Inspectors ae let covfased. All such ambigutas and anomalies ae tone d saussed anc clenea cursg pre-o meeting. Topics ke Score, Material selestion, Surace 2reperaton, Arpleaten, inspection and Dowuinantation ate mantioned in spaciicatan Some specfication suggests the safely aspects ard goverment agisation an palin ee + zope deals wih coecripton of a project various acivitos thal nee to be certied out hy dliferent agenci 1 Material selection gives dota of maloias lo bs used incucing paints for combating ‘Surface resaration chapter descrbe the requirements of surface prepaation, the mehods tebe followed, the materia to ne ised anc: lsathe standerdsto te flout + Appicatin, ‘mentions the ‘ochriaues te 20 folowed Ike coang with brush, mit pray ete nulaclue's dala sheet is usualy Feected. Inspestion nelle Inspedtion pan, inspection strunents.to be used, the method of ‘ealoration, refaronco elondarce to be folowed, acceptence ertora fo + Tocumartatiin sacinn dale with taxpadt 9 eenumanting ex kaoping raeards ai various Aadtviis inciging inspection actives | andar i¢-an estab ined norm or coquremencihat s pu tegener 9) protessionas sna Oxfords of inducty. Slendarde aro not sensidered binding cimandatory unless They oe spesied & relerenoedin he contractual documents + Numer of standanis are published by dferet courtias on coating tectnolagy. NACE, S9PG, ISO, DIN ard ASTM ale O18 Mayes eid. NACE and SOFC have prepared ‘ew joint standes. Its always a coaing inspectors cespcnsbity to obtain ant thoreughly understand ‘eacistandara febried in Tie specieaion. MiuiNcauns io a given standard may ony Bemado br an agroemon: Retwoon tho over, corvaotsr, and inspector Thara are verous ‘organisaticne tnatwrte stardaris, each cassiies hem info dfienrqsut-g"oUps. Gonoral ypes and cescrigtions of sianaaras: Voluntary standardsare standa‘ds develoved byfoivale ezctor gous a can aus ce ‘pate organsatns as wel as by government orgerisaios ander oecome rar Scoptes by govemmanogularyautofues ar wou na contact? Consensus standards are davelopec throuah co-operation of all parties who have interest in deveorment end Lee of the standards. Al vows and objection are discussec. and Fecolved. Consensus is arrued wn orwrnauturarimity (| j 2L Mandatory standarés 2re to be folowed because of a government ote” ot peaulétion).an 2) “Bpmsstns teva oly, or a contacts fequremen faire to aie win 2 ‘Randy standard il End ¢3, ch er crn! agen De fecto standards are widely scooted and used, but dre net approved by standarcs A “Feloprgouhouy ofacowniy. rs ga" atonal standards, when veued ro an “fice” perspective, are adepted by anatonel of Ranaias o02y (eg Arercan Natoral larderds insti, Standacds Councl of Cerede, PSS and best Sandarcs Instatens ana made avelabe to the pubic. Practealyopeaxig. hoever naonal standard Is any standare the: & wdeW Used and recoaised win # counts <5” Rational standarde ore dovelozed by stardarde bodes of a regional group of natone. Resicnal Sandards re ceneraly volurtary innature international standards sre not easy 10 define. There iS a bit of confusion how t ‘Googhiee a cleave as Intamatlonal otendard, Tho gonoral undoraianding ie # number of Satins makes use of a standard, may be consdered 28 Intemational standard and al Coulis a vepraserte in developing thy intrraoalstanda ) NACE Standards are sonsdered as Intemational Standerd, dewloped by corvereus of © paticipticg members © -NAGEstanaara + NACE book af standards fs classitedinta thes groups as + Recommenced prestices (RF) tel about pracite reconimende traitonance and slecon of materia fr carosin corte A cesian,insialtion, i Test Methods Ti ll methods of tests related ty oorosion contol are depicted © Nateial requirements (MR) Properties ul va‘ous materials wit respect coresion cai \ ismentine ger pe Revision ponts ‘Specification Scope duals win descnpior of a poject varus aciviwes nal are to be Geried out by ‘ferent agencies, Material section ives cetels of materials ty be used inclucing paints for combating + Surizce_proparation chapter desire the requranonts of surzce freaarator, the metodsto be folowed, the material 0 ba used and ako te stardards t be folowed. = Applicaton necticn mentions the fechniquee 19 be felloved ike cooing wit brush, mit, spray ets Paint manufacturers daa shast is usually ofr. ALADANADANDAARAD DE sla a al Da Bd aTITITITI ITI TTI TIT TITS TTS TT TTT TT TT TTT TTT | “Inepection irolide Inspecten plan Inspection instuments to be used, tne method of ‘cltvatien, reference slarards tobe folowed, acceptance cite cte Bocumentation section deal with -espee! to dneunrantna or Keoping reccrds of various Attvties ncudhg nsrection activites \what ae various standards and now do ve dife tie eri? Is NAGE standard an rtemnatonal standard or not? Designation RPISP, MR, TM bebig to vich standara? [NEB Naional standard board ie ane atandardission Organisation for a counity and NSB IS merbar af SO ‘809. Sanéard developing organlzatin ae sector baswd for verious industries and a courtry sanhave number of S008,CITT TTTITT TTT TTTTISITITT TITTLE CHAPTER 09 ‘TEST INSTRUMENTS Inspecdon or test instuments used tor parting ngpection ars categarisedin:a ws groups. + Nongestuctive type test Instruments 2 Dasinicive ei type iretruments esis this there are otter sophisicstd lab ecuipment which Is used for quality con, resea'ch and development and failure analyls cf coatings, In Pl Progam 1, nor-destrucive test insiumerts wate usod Tes ‘destoy ar deface the paint coatings ding tre fest, The Table DEIow I ust Lo retfeSh your memory Non Destructive type test instruments do not damage the coatings RS —Tasmeae Tei Hi Sieg acter z etal surface ermans 2 RH, Dew ponte. 3 Wistar cats = Dia gage miso $ Serene = Se He toe pie ante ptom 7 TSO crapra z Sue sore neta 3 KeateTalg compare 0 Te oval sada for sure Seeve uss) ae a Wee Ta = Sh Si cienan wes = Ce fp Da earaE 2 WT gauge Wat Tan nines € DFT gauge "spot a DFT gauge ey suront {SSPC PA2} Dry fim thickness: OF gauge unrasonc fsb aay 26] —taliton ons Paniosting Calbia a Pa sui 3% instruments do netSotund sodkuly fo DEY ATM D Hey Tooke 4 sete sh STM D “ae Tanguie ee Be AST Flontlie 12 47s wih Kear ettyl bere) debdya dats Lene ok ee Adkuain ak ATMS 2359 0 = 44 priate ebhein deies air <== lesa 1 a orks ge a —— * Pitilesk aT 4) pod eri 20 = tower C nee ous a SRuEE |S ro wT ¥ pUr uit fh “ACs eee] |) Maye fog mere MAG 5OK « emits ate | Tf ot ts ote eit Te a feel tg ten | hs SWBIt Adele ahd eae ys rer 2 we oe ey MARPAC AAAR EAE AAA eATISTTITTT E GG E Kw cE b E GC B LS E E E E E ‘Non Destructive Type test instruments SNe TRewuRont Test 18 Needle aug Brassure of comaressed ai 8 Nazis ayers Trfice danrotor orvertur nezel w SaceaTaalanee Fbrasvesize i paperineler peor ebaraeroasIng nee 2 Drager ues SPCC gas/SOVEN. vepOU 2 ivavlens/Nicroecope ‘uel exarrintion Destructive type test instruments destroy er detace the paint film dusing the test Sie [__Tretament Test Rat Sandard 7 | Saale Caugarbaine or STAID A138 Inspecton Sage Saberg Dl oT AEDS 3 | Pression rows FT ASTON nde 7 Hiarinees pena] — Pans arias STD TE F | Barcotharinese | Hardness/ Gi ASTM D258 tester Tall Pul of gauge | —__Aahaen FSMD AST 7 [Tape pull it aes ASTID wa 3 | WERMEK saver | Cre tin FSH nb test Zn lice 3 | Taling sand | Atrason Restsanoe TST OE 70 [Taber slvacar | Atraton Resctance STH DAE 71 Airbase | Atrascn Restance STH D655 | Wane at Feri ASTHOSE Fae ASE < aly Curent Coating Thiskress Gauges- (Nondestructive rest instrument) istramerts based on the Eddyctrrent princle ae used to mesure the Ory Fim “Thiakness (CET) of non-conducive fms condusing Substrates such as alumina, copper, brass, ani staniass Stoo In the aane of tha addy current pineinle, a sin’ col! rahe i used vith a reatvely high freauency signal, several mege-nert, o gonctate an stemating old in the nen-farcus metal underina cacti, The “eld causes eddy caren to circle in the auberato wich in tum have assocated magnetic felds. !nase elds inluance the coatng thickness probe ena ‘cause changes to the elearca|rnpesance of tha col. These chenges ae vependentan he coating thickness 36Sspe pa 4 [agra > LUeasone DFT stunt ~iNondestactve est Instrument | ps2 ‘The ulrasonie oulse-echo lecinique of utrasonic gauges i-used to maasu'e the biciness of costings oninenmetal substatespsis, woos, ca7 witout damsaing the coating, The Inctumen probe contains en wltesoric tansduse: that sends a oulse through the crating The pulse refects back fom the substrate fo tha teneduger, wach conyers Hnte a nigh- Frequency elecreal signal. Thescha wave Torr ie cighzed aid analyzed toretemine coating thickness, Destructive typ test instruments | 4. Tooke geugePin Inapocdon aauge DF lntrument{iNPERIAT ASTIN D438) _qshat nspestion Gauge (fe Saetsl Nor-Universsl Seopa) sorte cumtngtig Roselution of Reticle Maximum Thicknese Ramge bi 1.1K 1.00 20-100 mils he ER 05 Mil 220 otis gar ox o1M ons mie 0. cuts are made an the coating at known angle, up to aubstete using ether suttar tp “x, 2 or “x allectied I: Ue equipment. Taeka gavye le eae to measuro total coal rg tneleeoe and th thiskness of naval sya of mostings hy enit-coat Fins =e By measuing tha sope wath, through the rictaceae DFT of eact caatng can be setermres, DFT ef coating an any eubstate sical, sonerete, ett can be measured 2. Saberg Drill DET + [BSTM 4134 describes Matha’ C, which is use. a (pectic arate dil tit to eal) (CAsanicaTeaviy inthe costing. | — + Sotery dit ceatos a ASUNg=9UNK hole in comtng-a e, Like (ook gauge. ‘count the tice dissin n lls For each csst andimultiply wl O-7ebo get DFT + Lange sree of coating is nek damaged Soom be a BLADEN DD At Ral at Bat.TITITIT ITT IIIT TT TSIT TITTY Saberg Drtt 4 Dorn dine sth dally ktoenntng mF Cant toga wm fn bye dolly ante by # K Gilt the aatly offer igh ee T's Bul ff strong of a coating by deteniting the groabot peiperdiasar force in tension a suc cen bear babe a fig matena is dateroa The coeted surface vat emai ntact a 9 spectied Torea.esuts are reported as Kgl ‘9°, Peitfoga Passel (Mpa), Lozation of falur, Type of fellte, and Cescipton of specimen Denot report CFT of coating + Daly size 20 mm sia stardard dolly ane 0 mm -lange for concrete s acs SLLper pve Ahelde ‘Se the dally en the test area of e far eight oughaning + For superglue based on cyenc acyl lesser tims is reaired for harcer + Hod the dolly by claw of tho eeviernent i Ea dey werd oa tat ton (eiieCettalen atin a ge Saat arin #+ Tre fest to be completed within 100 s0cones + Afierthe tas, compare Dally face wih coatec surecs ancient the type a” falure + Adhesion fallare = sesaraton of two dtteret layers af coating oF buiween the substrate and coatra, +The aiute is Keenited by lfrent colours ov cozee surface and coly surface, Ths: happen when the tonsil sles foe in the paket fim is largor than the adhesive fore + Locations of fires ore reported at AVR, BIC, C/D for achesion falires + Gohsoion failursszeparatin cf same layer of coating ard is icentfied by same & Solvent sersitvity test or checking eure novanle Zr Seat by 50 double rube wil MEK (ety! eyiatone soaked cheese coh, Folbwritnod as op SUP given in RETO 178: . x STWD 47% get Revision points + Nondestructive DFT instuments mentioned in SSPC PA 2 ara “ype 1, Type 2 ane Edgy curert DFT gauge. + Doeruaive type DFT einments ae par ASTN D 4128 aro Teoke gouge (Paint inspection aaune), Seber dil and Predsiororaove urinder. + As per ASTM D 4752 solvent sersivivtes: for horanic zine siicate ne of double a| TTT SITITTTTTTISTTTT SSIS TIT In penell hardness the two end (gouge hardhess or pencil hatin: iscalled scraten hardness, Pains ato The hares pone thai do nt gouge is 8 anc fe pencl that coes net eave eer mark * 70k" Ga Opel insninert) axa x, 2x are 1026 I used for DFT anges of Prete cae, Mis 2 to 20 Mis and O to 3 tls rospeotvay. Coneaparoneny eroscape see vision wil read 1.0 Ni 05 Wl ancl 0.1 Li for sation woos same orc, + Achotion pull of stengtn toei vith dolly measure sletominivg tho greatest pu lug of material cetached, Ful of stergth ofa costna by penalcular force in torsion a surface can bear before a * 40mm ~ dladoty (arge sies) used ‘or testing coneretaourface + Resuts of ASTW D 4641 Coll, Pesca! (Ma). Locaton of flute, ot report OFT ef coating, Pal of test are repored ae Kal cin2. Pd, aga Tye fare, deseriston of tostina systery. bo Todke gauge 9 Fairing inspector gaune supplied with exter inet, 2k 10K Results ct ASTM 0 339 adhesin pullofftepe test is reporied ae A Bums For racdestructive OFT meas ment of roteoncucive costirg on Nonferrous met Substraie, equipment uscd ie Ea ty eurcontCFT gauge Hate adhesion tesier work on hydraulic pressure PAT! elnesion tester wrk on preurtis pressure Tooke cause is usm ts individual layers of costings cure toial costing thlckness and the thickross of mult-soat ine * Fapig gnuse © wed to mesaure total coating thickness and the thickness at individual layereo" coating in meth eost fine Sabery Det ‘28 specticange-to cl bt outa conical cavity in he coat, Seber dil, creates a courtoraurk hole in coating ane cubatite Lage ares of coating isnot damagedthe 5500 7 7 Atos! “ Blox! B30 E504 pee ‘CHAPTER 40 VISIBLE AND NON-VISIBLE CONTAMINANTS Sutace contaminants ike dust, dn, and rust, paint coatings, shop sol, abrasive cust, ci, Greeer nic; setleon the-eubevate anc car be seen wilh rakec aye, Vise sortarinants} Polluiarts from industrial envronments ‘ke chloria, suishste. nirate ete, diooohe a ‘olsture form clactrotes and remain as Invisible contaminarts on tha subsina, Bath contaminant ae te bs iene by ests ar must ne removed befere partis applied Surface contamirarts intariare wih poler acrding cf the coals wt ihe suberat sffecing the adhesion of paint enating Sonamnents tapped under the pant fim draw moisure Fem etmosphra trough the paint fim by e process kniann as osmosis and cause under fim earosian and etd us in osmots bistering and pootng 2 coating. otection Dust ans oils testod with cles lape as por ISO 86N2-3 1992 ‘ust classifeaton is readin a chart The cient sreciicaion gis guide Une 29 accoptence levels, Oil and gresso le dotected with LViarp. Extraction of Invisible salt contaminants Nethod 1 swap ‘A 190m by 15 cm of area_Is marked on the cubstate 20 drops of vinegar of acstic act le ‘aided to 225 m!o!cstled water maaaurad ir = healer Wah pura phartracy grode votion, few smal ball are-made. The fst bale dipped nthe beaker containing th sted vstor, Squeezed gortly ard rusted over the mad area of the subsrate, The coton bal is put book nto tre beaker. th another sotton tall wipe the area o! substiate and put at the ‘becker. Tis operaton s repeated til the surtaceaf the marked area is dy, ensuing that al Salusie eontominanis are extrecied fom the sufece ana i 1 the beak! Sir the contents of beaker cantsining cotton Balls and axrected soiutton. ‘Test for Ferrous Iron ‘The test papers sensitive to ferrous ion are sipped nis the tester for about 2/9 seccnis Ale’ 20 seconds see the colour ehanan in the equate shaped tet zona of the tp ond Ccempare withthe colour scale chert of the test cl. The valua ls given Ir majlitar (came ae Pm), The values reported as mg/m? An example of calculation s qven below 43 ye Spsape fran