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Basic Concepts of Projection

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Shivansh Sharma
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20 views21 pages

Basic Concepts of Projection

Uploaded by

Shivansh Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THEORY OF

PROJECTIONS
Projection
3-dimensonal objects and structures are
represented graphically on a 2-dimensional
media. The act of obtaining the image of an
object is termed “projection”. The image
obtained by projection is known as a “view”.
All projection theory are based on two variables:
 Line of sight
 Plane of projection
Projection
Projection Methods
Two projection methods used are:
a) Perspective
b) Parallel
Perspective projection
Parallel projection
Perspective projection vs
Parallel projection
Perspective projection Parallel projection
Distance from the observer Distance from the observer
to the object is finite and to the object is infinite
the object is viewed from a projection lines are parallel
single point – projectors are – object is positioned at
not parallel. infinity

Perspective projections Less realistic but easier to


mimic what the human draw
eyes see, however, they are
difficult to draw
Orthographic Projection
Orthographic projection is a parallel projection technique in
which the plane of projection is perpendicular to the parallel line
of sight. Orthographic projection technique can produce either
pictorial drawings that show all three dimensions of an object in
one view or multi-views that show only two dimensions of an
object in a single view
The principal projection planes
Projection methods: 1st angle
projection
Projection methods: 3rd angle
projection
Projections of points
Projection notations
Projections of points
Projections of points
Projection of line
A line is a geometric primitive that has length and
direction, but no thickness. Straight line is the Locus of a
point, which moves linearly. Straight line is also the
shortest distance between any two given points.
The location of a line in projection quadrants is described
by specifying the distances of its end points from the VP,
HP and PP. A line may be:
 Parallel to both the planes.
 Parallel to one plane and perpendicular to the other.
 Parallel to one plane and inclined to the other.
 Inclined to both the planes.
Projection of line
Line parallel to a plane
When a line is parallel to a plane, the projection of the line on
to that plane will be its true length. The projection of
line AB lying parallel to the Vertical plane (VP) is shown in
figure as a’b’.
Projection of line
Projection of line
Projection of line
Symbol of projection

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