Thermodynemics 161

3. An ideal gas is taken around ABCA as shown in the P A  3  104 Pa, PB  8  104 Pa and
above P-V diagram. The work done during a cycle VA  2  103 m3 , VD  5  103 m3
is [KCET 2001] P
B In process AB, 600 J of heat is added to the system
(3P, 3V)
and in process BC, 200 J of heat is added to the
(a) 2PV
system. The change in internal energy of the
system in process AC would be
(b) PV A C [CBSE PMT 1992]
(P,V) (P, 3V) B
(c) 1/2PV (a) 560 J P C
V
E D
(b) 800 J
(d) Zero
(c) 600 J
4. The P-V diagram shows seven curved paths
(connected by vertical paths) that can be followed (d) 640 J A D
by a gas. Which two of them should be parts of a O V
closed cycle if the net work done by the gas is to 8. P-V plots for two gases during adiabatic process
be at its maximum value are shown in the figure. Plots 1 and 2 should
[AMU (Engg.) 2000] correspond respectively to
P a [IIT-JEE (Screening) 2001]
(a) ac b
(a) He and O 2 P
(b) cg c
d
e (b) O 2 and He
(c) af f 1
g (c) He and Ar
(d) cd 2
V (d) O 2 and N 2 V
5. An ideal gas of mass m in a state A goes to
another state B via three different processes as 9. Four curves A, B, C and D are drawn in the
shown in figure. If Q1, Q2 and Q3 denote the adjoining figure for a given amount of gas. The
curves which represent adiabatic and isothermal
heat absorbed by the gas along the three paths, changes are
then [MP PET 1992]
[CPMT 1986; UPSEAT 1999]
P A
(a) Q1  Q2  Q3 (a) C and D respectively
P
(b) Q1  Q2  Q3 (b) D and C respectively C
3 B
2
1 (c) A and B respectively
(c) Q1  Q2  Q3
B
(d) B and A respectively
(d) Q1  Q2  Q3 V A D
10. In pressure-volume diagram given below, the
6. Which of the following graphs correctly represents V
isochoric, isothermal, and isobaric parts
the variation of   (dV / dP) / V with P for an respectively, are
ideal gas at constant temperature [IIT-JEE
[Manipal MEE 1995]
(Screening) 2002]
(a) BA, AD, DC P A B
(a) (b)

(b) DC, CB, BA
C
(c) AB, BC, CD


(d) CD, DA, AB D
P V
11. The P-V diagram of a system undergoing
(c) (d) thermodynamic transformation is shown in figure.

 The work done on the system in going from A  B
P  C is 50 J and 20 cal heat is given to the system.
The change in internal energy between A and C is
[UPSEAT 2002]
P P
7. A thermodynamic process P is shown in the figure. (a) 34 J C
The pressures and volumes corresponding to some (b) 70 J
points in the figure are :
(c) 84 J
(d) 134 J A B
V
 162 Thermodynamics
12. An ideal gas is taken through the cycle A  B  C
 A, as shown in the figure. If the net heat
supplied to the gas in the cycle is 5 J, the work
done by the gas in the process C  A is
[IIT-JEE (Screening) 2002; RPMT 2004] 16. Carnot cycle (reversible) of a gas represented by a
(a) – 5 J V(m3) Pressure-Volume curve is shown in the diagram
2 C B
(b) – 10 J Consider the following statements

(c) – 15 J I. Area ABCD = Work done on the gas

1
A
II. Area ABCD = Net heat absorbed
(d) – 20 J
10 P(N/m2) III. Change in the internal energy in cycle = 0
13. In the following indicator diagram, the net amount
of work done will be Which of these are correct
P [AMU (Med.) 2001]
(a) Positive
(a) I only P
1 2 A
(b) Negative
(b) II only B
(c) Zero
(c) II and III D
V
(d) Infinity C
(d) I, II and III V
14. A cyclic process for 1 mole of an ideal gas is
17. The temperature-entropy diagram of a reversible
shown in figure in the V-T, diagram. The work
engine cycle is given in the figure. Its efficiency is
done in AB, BC and CA respectively
T [AIEEE 2005]
 V1 
(a) 0, RT2 ln
V
 , R (T1  T2 )

(a) 1 / 3
 2  V 2T0
C (b) 2 / 3
V2
V1
(b) R(T1  T2 ),0, RT1 ln (c) 1 / 2 T0
V2 S
A (d) 1 / 4 S0 2S0
V1 B
 V2 
(c) 0, RT2 ln
V
 , R (T1 O T2 )T
 T2
T 18. Work done in the given P-V diagram in the cyclic
 1  1 process is
[UPSEAT 1998; RPET 2000; Kerala PMT 2002]
 V2  (2P, V) (2P, 2V)
(d) 0, RT2 ln
V
 , R (T2  T1 )

(a) PV P
 1  (b) 2PV
15. A cyclic process ABCD is shown in the figure P-V
(c) PV/2
diagram. Which of the following curves represent (P, V) (P, 2V)
the same process (d) 3PV V

P 19. A cyclic process ABCA is shown in the V-T diagram.

A B Process on the P-V diagram is
V
C

C B
D
V
A T
P P
(a) A B (b) A B (a) P (b) P
C
B
C C
D D A
B A C
T T V V
(c) P
B
(d) P (c) P (d) P
A A
B
A A B

C C B
D D C C
V V
T T
 Thermodynemics 163
(d) ADBB'A'A
25. In the diagrams (i) to (iv) of variation of volume
with changing pressure is shown. A gas is taken
20. In the figure given two processes A and B are along the path ABCD. The change in internal
shown by which a thermo-dynamical system goes energy of the gas will be
from initial to final state F. If QA and QB are [CPMT 1986, 88]
V D V
respectively the heats supplied to the systems C D C
P
then A[RPET 1999]

(a) QA  QB i f

A A B
B
(b) QA  QB B
(i) P (ii) P
(c) QA  QB V
D C V D
V
(d) QA  QB C

21. In the cyclic process shown in the figure, the work

done by the gas in one cycle
P is A
[MP PMT 1999] 7P1 B
A B
(a) 28 P1V1 (iii) P (iv) P
(a) Positive in all cases (i) to (iv)
(b) 14 P1V1
(b) Positive in cases (i), (ii) and (iii) but zero in (iv)
P1
(c) 18 P1V1 V
case
V1 4V1
(c) Negative in cases (i), (ii) and (iii) but zero in
(d) 9 P1V1
(iv) case
22. An ideal gas is taken around the cycle ABCA as
(d) Zero in all four cases
shown in the P-V diagram. The net work done by
the gas during the cycle P
is equal to 26. A system is taken through a cyclic process
[CPMT 1991] B represented by a circle as shown. The heat
3P1
(a) 12 P1V1 absorbed by the system is

(a)   103 J V(in cc)

(b) 6 P1V1 40
P1 C
A 
(c) 3 P1V1 (b) J 30
V1 3V1 2
(d) 2P1V1 20
(c) 4  102 J
0
23. Heat energy absorbed by a system in going 0 50 100 150 200 P(in kPa)
through a cyclic process shown in figure is (d)  J
[AIIMS 1995; BHU 2002]
V (litre) 27. A thermodynamic system undergoes cyclic
(a) 107  J 30 process ABCDA as shown in figure. The work done
by the system is P
(b) 104  J C B
3P0
(c) 102 J 10 (a) P0V0
2P0 O
10 30 P (kPa)
(d) 103 J (b) 2P0V0
P0
24. A thermodynamic system is taken from state A to P0V0 A D
B along ACB and is brought back to A along BDA (c) V
2 V0 2V0
as shown in the PV diagram. The net work done
during the complete cycle is given by the area (d) Zero
P
[CBSE PMT 1992]
B 28. The P-V graph of an ideal gas cycle is shown here
P2
(a) P1ACBP2P1 C as below. The adiabatic process is described by
[CPMT 1985; UPSEAT 2003]
(b) ACBB'A'A D
P1 A (a) AB and BC P A
(c) ACBDA
B
A B V

D
C
V
 164 Thermodynamics
(b) AB and CD path ibf, Q  35J . If W  13J for the curved
(c) BC and DA return path f i, Q for this path is
P [AMU (Med.) 2000]
(d) BC and CD
29. An ideal monoatomic gas is taken round the cycle a f
ABCDA as shown in following P-V diagram. The (a) 33 J
work done during the cycle is [IIT 1983; CPMT (b) 23 J
1990; AMU 1995] (c) – 7 J i b

P (3P, V) (3P, 3V)

(d) – 43 J V
(a) PV 34. For one complete cycle of a thermodynamic
(b) 2 PV process on a gas as shown in the P-V diagram,
Which of following is correct
P
(c) 4 PV [AMU (Engg.) 2000]
(P, V) (P, 3V) (a) E int  0, Q  O
(d) Zero O V
30. A system changes from the state (P1, V1) to (b) E int  0, Q  0

(P2V2) as shown in the figure. What is the work (c)  E int  0, Q  0 O V

done by the system
(d)  E int  0, Q  0
P(N/m2) [CPMT 1981]
35. An ideal gas is taken around ABCA as shown in the
(a) 7.5  105 joule5  10 (P2,
above P-V diagram. The work done during a cycle
5

V2)
(b) 7.5  105 erg is
1  105
(P1, [UPSEAT 2001]
(c) 12 105 joule P
V 1) (a) Zero C
(2P, 3V)
(d) 6 105 joule
1 2 3 4 5 V(m ) 3 1
31. Carbon monoxide is carried around a closed cycle
(b) PV
2
abc in which bc is an isothermal process as shown A B
(c) 2 PV
in the figure. The gas absorbs 7000 J of heat as its (P, V) (P,
O 3V) V
temperature increases from 300 K to 1000 K in (d) PV
going from a to b. The quantity of heat rejected by 36. An ideal gas is taken from point A to the point B,
the gas during the process
P ca is as shown in the P-V diagram, keeping the
P2 b
[SCRA 1994] temperature constant. The work done in the
(a) 4200 J process is [UPSEAT 2005]

(b) 5000 J a (a) (PA  PB )(VB  VA

P)
P1 c
(c) 9000 J 1 A
V1 V2
V (b) (PB  PA )(VB PV
A A)

(d) 9800 J 2
32. A sample of ideal monoatomic gas is taken round 1
(c) (PB  PA )(VB  PV
B A)
B
the cycle ABCA as shown in the figure. The work 2
O V
done during the cycle is [BHU 1994; KCET VA VB
2003] 1
(d) (PB  PA )(VB  VA )
P
2
B
(a) Zero (4P, 3V) 37. The P-V diagram of a system undergoing
(b) 3 PV thermodynamic transformation is shown in figure.
The work done by the system in going from
(c) 6 PV A C A  B  C is 30J and 40J heat is given to the
(P, V) (P, 3V)
(d) 9PV V system. The change in internal energy between A
P
33. When a system is taken from state i to a state f and C is [BCECE 2005]
C
along path iaf, Q  50 J and W  20J . Along (a) 10 J

(b) 70 J
A B
V
 Thermodynemics 165
(c) 84 J 42. P-V diagram of a cyclic process ABCA is as shown
in figure. Choose the correct statement
(d) 134 J
P A
38. Consider a process shown in the figure. During this (a) QA B = negative
process the work done by the system
P
(b) U B C = positive
(a) Continuously increases
B
A B
(b) Continuously decreases (c) WCAB = negative C
(c) First increases, then decreases
(d) All of these V
(d) First decreases, then increases V

39. Six moles of an ideal gas perfomrs a cycle shown 43. A sample of an ideal gas is taken through a cycle a
in figure. If the temperature are TA = 600 K, TB = shown in figure. It absorbs 50J of energy during
800 K, TC = 2200 K and TD = 1200 K, the work the process AB, no heat during BC, rejects 70J
done per cycle is during CA. 40J of work is done on the gas during
BC. Internal energy of gas at A is 1500J, the
[BCECE 2005]
P B internal energy at C would be
(a) 20 kJ C
(a) 1590 J P B
(b) 30 kJ A
D
(c) 40 kJ (b) 1620 J
(d) 60 kJ T (c) 1540 J
40. Which of the accompanying PV, diagrams best C A
(d) 1570 J V
represents an isothermal process
[MP PET 2005] 44. In the following P-V diagram two adiabatics cut
P two isothermals at temperatures T1 and T2 (fig.).
(a) (b)
Va
The value of will be
Vd
P
P
V
a b T1
(c) P (d) d c
P T2
V

Va V Vb Vc V
d
V
V
41. In the following figure, four curves A, B, C and D
are shown. The curves are
Vb Vc
(a) (b)
[DCE 2003] Vc Vb
P P
Vd
A (c) (d) VbVc
Va
B
C
D
V V

(a) Isothermal for A and D while adiabatic for B

and C
Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the
(b) Adiabatic for A and C while isothermal for B correct option out of the options given below:
and D (a) If both assertion and reason are true and the
reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) Isothermal for A and B while adiabatic for C (b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is
and D not the correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Isothermal for A and C while adiabatic for B (d) If the assertion and reason both are false.
and D (e) If assertion is false but reason is true.
 166 Thermodynamics
1. Assertion : Reversible systems are difficult to 11. Assertion : The heat supplied to a system is
find in real world. always equal to the increase in its
Reason : Most processes are dissipative in internal energy.
nature
Reason : When a system changes from one
[AIIMS 2005]
thermal equilibrium to another, some
2. Assertion : Air quickly leaking out of a balloon
becomes coolers heat is absorbed by it.
Reason : The leaking air undergoes adiabatic 12. Assertion : A room can be cooled by opening
expansion. [AIIMS 2005] the door of a refrigerator in a closed
3. Assertion : Thermodynamic process in nature room.
are irreversible.
Reason : Heat flows from lower temperature
Reason : Dissipative effects can not be
eliminated. (refrigerator) to higher temperature
[AIIMS 2004] (room).
4. Assertion : When a bottle of cold carbonated 13. Assertion : It is not possible for a system,
drink is opened, a slight fog forms unaided by an external agency to
around the opening. transfer heat from a body at lower
Reason : Adiabatic expansion of the gas causes temperature to another body at
lowering of temperature and higher temperature.
condensation of water vapours. [AIIMS
2003] Reason : According to Clausius statement, “ No
5. Assertion : The isothermal curves intersect process is possible whose sole result
each other at a certain point. is the transfer of heat from a cooled
Reason : The isothermal change takes place object to a hotter object.
slowly, so the isothermal curves have 14. Assertion : If an electric fan be switched on in a
very little slope. closed room, the air of the room will
[AIIMS 2001] be cooled.
6. Assertion : In adiabatic compression, the
internal energy and temperature of Reason : Fan air decrease the temperature of
the system get decreased. the room.
Reason : The adiabatic compression is a slow 15. Assertion : The internal energy of an isothermal
process process does not change.
[AIIMS 2001]
Reason : The internal energy of a system
7. Assertion : In isothermal process whole of the depends only on pressure of the
heat energy supplied to the body is
system.
converted into internal energy.
Reason : According to the first law of 16. Assertion : In an adiabatic process, change in
thermodynamics internal energy of a gas is equal to
Q  U  pV . [AIIMS 1997] work done on or by the gas in the
process.
8. Assertion : We can not change the temperature
of a body without giving (or taking) Reason : Temperature of gas remains constant
heat to (or from) it. in a adiabatic process.
Reason : According to principle of conservation 17. Assertion : An adiabatic process is an
of energy, total energy of a system
isoentropic process.
should remains conserved.
9. Assertion : The specific heat of a gas is an Reason : Change in entropy is zero in case of
adiabatic process is zero and in an adiabatic process.
isothermal process is infinite. 18. Assertion : Work done by a gas in isothermal
Reason : Specific heat of a gas in directly expansion is more than the work done
proportional to change of heat in by the gas in the same expansion,
system and inversely proportional to adiabatically.
change in temperature.
10. Assertion : Work and heat are two equivalent Reason : Temperature remains constant in
form of energy. isothermal expansion and not in
adiabatic expansion.
Reason : Work is the transfer of mechanical
energy irrespective of temperature 19. Assertion : First law of thermodynamics is a
difference, whereas heat is the restatement of the principle of
transfer of thermal energy because of conservation
temperature difference only. Reason : Energy is fundamental quantity.
 Thermodynemics 167
20. Assertion : Zeroth law of thermodynamic 36 d 37 b 38 d 39 a 40 d
explain the concept of energy. 41 c 42 c 43 a 44 a 45 b
Reason : Energy is dependent on temperature. 46 d 47 a 48 b 49 b 50 a
21. Assertion : Efficiency of a Carnot engine 51 b 52 d 53 b 54 b 55 d
increase on reducing the temperature 56 b 57 c
of sink.
Reason : The efficiency of a Carnot engine is Isobaric and Isochoric Processes
defined as ratio of net mechanical
work done per cycle by the gas to the 1 a 2 c 3 c 4 a 5 a
amount of heat energy absorbed per 6 c 7 c 8 b 9 d 10 c
cycle from the source.
11 c 12 a 13 b 14 a 15 d
22. Assertion : The entropy of the solids is the 16 b 17 a 18 d 19 c 20 d
highest
21 d 22 d 23 a
Reason : Atoms of the solids are arranged in
orderly manner.
Heat Engine, Refrigerator and
Second Law of Thermodynamics

1 d 2 c 3 b 4 c 5 b
6 d 7 b 8 d 9 b 10 b
11 c 12 b 13 c 14 a 15 a
First Law of Thermodynamics (Q = U + W) 16 a 17 b 18 d 19 b 20 a
1 a 2 c 3 b 4 b 5 c 21 b 22 b 23 c 24 a 25 b
6 b 7 b 8 d 9 a 10 d 26 a 27 d 28 a 29 b 30 c
11 c 12 a 13 d 14 a 15 b 31 a 32 a 33 c 34 d
16 b 17 c 18 d 19 d 20 b
21 a 22 d 23 b 24 a 25 d Critical Thinking Questions
26 d 27 a 28 b 29 d 30 a
1 d 2 c 3 bc 4 c 5 d
31 b 32 c 33 c 34 a 35 a
6 d 7 c 8 d 9 c 10 a
36 b 37 c 38 c 39 b 40 a
11 b 12 c 13 b 14 c 15 a
41 c 42 a 43 a 44 c 45 c
16 c 17 b 18 a 19 b 20 c
46 a 47 c 48 b
21 b 22 d 23 d 24 b 25 b
Isothermal Process 26 b 27 d 28 c 29 c 30 d

1 c 2 a 3 c 4 d 5 b
Graphical Questions
6 b 7 c 8 d 9 a 10 c
11 a 12 b 13 a 14 a 15 c 1 c 2 b 3 a 4 c 5 a
16 c 17 a 18 c 19 a 20 c 6 a 7 a 8 b 9 c 10 d
21 b 22 b 23 a 24 a 25 a 11 d 12 a 13 b 14 c 15 a
26 c 27 b 28 b 29 b 30 a 16 c 17 a 18 a 19 c 20 d
31 d 21 d 22 d 23 c 24 c 25 d
26 b 27 d 28 c 29 c 30 c
Adiabatic Process
31 d 32 b 33 d 34 a 35 d
1 c 2 c 3 b 4 d 5 c 36 d 37 a 38 a 39 c 40 b
6 d 7 c 8 b 9 a 10 a 41 d 42 d 43 a 44 a
11 c 12 d 13 b 14 d 15 d
16 b 17 a 18 c 19 a 20 c Assertion & Reason
21 d 22 c 23 b 24 c 25 a
1 a 2 a 3 a 4 a 5 e
26 b 27 d 28 a 29 d 30 d
6 d 7 e 8 d 9 a 10 a
31 a 32 c 33 d 34 c 35 a
11 d 12 d 13 a 14 d 15 c
 168 Thermodynamics
16 c 17 a 18 b 19 c 20 e 15. (b) Q  U  W 
21 b 22 a W  Q  U  100 40  70J
16. (b) Work done is not a thermodynamical function.
17. (c) Q  U  W  167 333 500cal
18. (d) Heat always refers to energy in transit from
one body to another because of temperature
difference.
First Law of Thermodynamics (Q = U + W) 19. (d) Change in internal energy does not depend
upon path so U  Q  W remain
1. (a) Q  U  W and W  PV constant.

2. (c)
3. (b) Q  U  W

 U  Q  W  Q  W (using proper
sign)
4. (b) U  Q  W  35  15  20 J
5. (c) Internal energy depends only on the
temperature of the gas.
6. (b)

7. (b) (i) Case  Volume = constant 

 PdV  0
(ii) Case  P = constant
2V1 2V1
  V1
PdV  P  V1
dV  PV1

8. (d)
Q  W  U  35  15  U  U  50J

9. (a) J Q  U  W, U  J Q  W
U  4.18 300 600 654 Joule
2
10. (d) Work done  
1
PdV , which is state
dependent as well as path dependent.
11. (c) Q  U  W  W  0  Q  U
f
 RT
2
3
  2R(373 273) = 300R.
2
12. (a) Q  2k cal 2  103  4.2J  8400J and
W  500J .
Hence from Q  U  W,
W  Q  U = 8400 – 500 = 7900 J
13. (d) Change in internal energy (U) depends upon
initial an find state of the function while Q
and W are path dependent also.
14. (a) This is the case of free expansion and in this
case W  0 , U  0 so temperature
remains same i.e. 300 K.