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Pushover

This document summarizes a study analyzing the non-linear pushover response of a two-story building in Nepal. The building was designed according to Nepalese codes and analyzed using pushover analysis in SAP 2000. The design base shear was calculated to be 89.64 kN. Pushover analysis determined the performance point had a base shear of 1286 kN, significantly higher than the design value, indicating the structure is safe under seismic loading. Pushover curves were used to evaluate the building's performance and identify weak points by simulating how forces redistribute as components yield during an earthquake.

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Bikash Baral
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50 views

Pushover

This document summarizes a study analyzing the non-linear pushover response of a two-story building in Nepal. The building was designed according to Nepalese codes and analyzed using pushover analysis in SAP 2000. The design base shear was calculated to be 89.64 kN. Pushover analysis determined the performance point had a base shear of 1286 kN, significantly higher than the design value, indicating the structure is safe under seismic loading. Pushover curves were used to evaluate the building's performance and identify weak points by simulating how forces redistribute as components yield during an earthquake.

Uploaded by

Bikash Baral
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Non-Linear Pushover Analysis of Two-Story Building

Bikash Baral
Student, Department of Structural Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Lalitpur, Nepal

Abstract
Structures seems to deform inelastically when subjected to external lateral loads. So non-linear
pushover analysis should be performed to determine the post-elastic behavior of structures as
it cannot be determined directly by linear methods. Pushover analysis gives an insight about the
weak links existing in the structure.
In this article, seismic response of the two-story building in terms of performance point is
carried out with the help of pushover curve. The building frame is designed as per Nepal
Building Code (NBC) 105 and the main objective of this article is to find out the performance of
the building. Pushover analysis is done using SAP 2000 v 18 software using ATC 40

Keywords: Pushover analysis, NBC 105, Capacity Curve, Demand Curve, Performance
Point, Pushover curve

1.Introduction
Pushover analysis is a static procedure that uses a simplified nonlinear technique to estimate
seismic structural deformations. Structures redesign themselves during earthquakes. As
individual components of a structure yield or fail, the dynamic forces on the building are shifted
to other components. A pushover analysis simulates this phenomenon by applying loads until
the weak link in the structure is found and then revising the model to incorporate the changes
in the structure caused by the weak link. A second iteration indicates how the loads are
redistributed. The structure is “pushed” again until the second weak link is discovered. This
process continues until a yield pattern for the whole structure under seismic loading is
identified.
Pushover analysis is commonly used to evaluate the seismic capacity of existing structures and
appears in several recent guidelines for retrofit seismic design. It can also be useful for
performance-based design of new buildings that rely on ductility or redundancies to resist
earthquake forces.
Fig-I shows a typical pushover curve and five point i.e. A, B, C, D, E are used to define the behavior of the
structure. A to B is elastic state whereas B-IO is Immediate Occupancy, IO-LS is Life Safety, LS-CP is
collapse prevention, CP-C is ultimate capacity and C to D is residual strength and E is complete collapse
of the structure.

2. Case Study Details


Design data

 LL for corridor = 3KN/m2


 LL for general room = 2KN/m2
 LL for roof = 1.5KN/m2
 Floor Finish = 1KN/m2
 Type of soil = Type II medium as per IS 1983:2016
 Seismic zone = Zone V

Description of the building


Total ht = 9m
Story ht = 3m
Grade of concrete(fck)= 20N/mm2
Grade of steel (fy)= 500N/mm2
Size of column = 350mm*350mm
Size of beam = 230mm*350mm
Slab thickness = 125mm
Floor height = 3m
Walls thickness = 230mm for external walls
= 100 mm for partition walls
3. Calculation for the base shear
For obtaining the performance point of the building in terms of base shear, the design base
shear is calculated for determining the safety of the frame. The intersection of the capacity
curve and demand curve is the performance point of the structure. If the design base shear is
less than the performance point of the structure, the building is safe.
The seismic weight of building is found to be 996 KN (Wi). Fundamental time period T is
obtained by using the following formula
Ta = 0.075 h0.75 IS 1893 (Part 1):2016, Clause 7.6.1
Ta = 0.075 x (6)0.75
Ta = 0.28 sec.
Zone factor, Z = 0.36 for Zone V
Importance factor, I = 1.0, Medium soil site and 5% damping
Sa/g=1.21/0.97=1.25 IS: 1893 (Part 1): 2016, Figure 2.
Ductile detailing is assumed for the structure. Hence, Response Reduction Factor, R, is taken
equal to 5.0. It may be noted however, that ductile detailing is mandatory in Zones III, IV and V.
Hence, horizontal seismic coefficient is calculated as
Ah=(Z/2) ×(I/R) ×(Sa/g) IS: 1893 (Part 1): 2016,clause 6.4.2
Ah = (0.36/2) × (1.0/5) ×2.5 = 0.09
The design Base shear, VB = Ah×W IS: 1893 (Part 1): 2016, clause 7.7.1
VB = 0.09x 996 = 89.64 KN

4. Results:
The pushover analysis on the building is performed and the performance point of the building is
determined using capacity curve and demand curve. The performance point is obtained as per ATC 40
capacity spectrum method.
5. Conclusions
The design base shear is calculated to be 89.64 KN and performing analysis at performance
point the base shear is found to be 1286 KN which is much greater than the design base shear
so the structure is safe under seismic loading.

References

[1]. Konuralp Girgin and Kutlu Darılmaz.(December 2007) Seismic Response of Infilled Framed
Buildings Using Pushover Analysis. Department of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469,
Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey VOLUME 54, NUMBER 5. 5 December 2007

[2]. Dalal Sejal P., Vasanwala S.A., Desai A.K.(2011) “Performance based seismic design of structure: A
review”, International Journal Of Civil And Structural Engineering ,Volume 1, No 4 Mohammed S. Al-
Ansari(2011), “Formulating building response to Earthquake loading”, International Journal Of Civil And
Structural Engineering Vol. 2, No 1.

[3] Kadid A., Boumrkik A. (2008): Pushover Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures, Asian
Journal of Civil Engineering (Building and Housing) Vol. 9, No. 1(2008).

[4] ATC-40 (1996) “Seismic Analysis and Retrofit of Concrete Buildings”, vol. I, Applied Technology
Council, Redwood City, CA, USA

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