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Square Root of Complex Numbers

The document discusses finding the square root of a complex number a + ib, where a and b are real numbers. It shows that the square roots are x + iy, where x and y satisfy equations relating x, y, a, and b. Specifically, it shows that the square roots are x ± √a2 + b2, where x and y have the same sign if b > 0 and opposite signs if b < 0. An example problem is worked out to demonstrate finding the square roots of 1 + i.

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179 views

Square Root of Complex Numbers

The document discusses finding the square root of a complex number a + ib, where a and b are real numbers. It shows that the square roots are x + iy, where x and y satisfy equations relating x, y, a, and b. Specifically, it shows that the square roots are x ± √a2 + b2, where x and y have the same sign if b > 0 and opposite signs if b < 0. An example problem is worked out to demonstrate finding the square roots of 1 + i.

Uploaded by

jason
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Square Root Of Complex Numbers

TO FIND THE SQUARE ROOT OF THE COMPLEX NUMBER a + ib


WHERE a AND b (≠0) ARE REAL

Let √a + ib = x + iy where x and y are real.

Then, a + ib = (x + iy)2 = x2 + i2y2 + 2x. iy = x2 - y2 + i. 2xy

Equating real and imaginary parts we get,

x2 - y2 = a (1)

2xy = b (2)

Now (x2 + y2)2 = (x2 - y2)2 + 4x2y2 = a2 + b2

Hence x2 + y2 = +√a2 + b2 (Since x, y both are real) (3)

Now adding equations (1) and (3) we get,

Now equation (3) - equation (1) gives,

From equation (2) it is clear that both x and y will have the same signs (either both positive or
both negative) when b is positive; and x and y will have different signs (one positive and the other
negative) when b is negative.

Hence if b > 0 then the square roots of (a + ib) are:

And if b < 0 then the square roots of (a + ib) are:

Example 1:
Find the square root of

Solution:

Now let √1 + i = x + iy (where x and y are real)


Hence, 1 + i = (x + iy)2 = x2 - y2 + i. 2xy
Hence equating real and imaginary parts we get,
x2 - y2 = 1 (1)
2xy = 1 (2)

Now (x2 + y2)2 = (x2 - y2)2 + 4x2y2 = 12 + 12 = 2


Or x2 + y2 = √2 (3)

Adding equations (1) and (3) we get,

Now equation (3) - equation (1) gives,

From (2) it is clear that xy > 0, hence x and y are both positive or both negative.
Hence the required square roots are:

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Other topics under Complex Numbers:

 Algebra of Complex Numbers


 Cube Roots of Unity
 Definition and Conjugate Complex numbers
 Modulus and Argument of Product, Quotient Complex Numbers
 Modulus Amplitude Complex Number
 Properties of Complex Numbers

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