THE EFFECTS OF SELECT KITCHEN WASTE FERTILIZER AND

COMMERCIAL FERTILIZER TOWARDS THE GROWTH

PERFORMANCE OF Brassica rapa L .

JOHN BRIAN C. KIKUCHI

JULIE ANGELIE T. LAYESE

LINDSAY MARIE V. LARSON

HANNAH ISABELLE M. MERCADO

NICKY CASSANDRA V. RUFILA

ALLEN EARVIN A. TAN

MONICCA O. TAGHOY

JULITO SANCHEZ
Research Instructor

CEBU DOCTORS’ UNIVERSITY

Mandaue City

January 17, 2020

A COMPARATIVE STUDY: GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF Brassica rapa L.
APPLIED WITH KITCHEN WASTE FERTILIZER AND
 COMMERCIAL FERTILIZER

_____________________________________________

A Thesis Proposal Presented to Senior High School

Cebu Doctors’ University

_____________________________________________

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For Senior High School

_____________________________________________

Prepared by:

Kikuchi, John Brian C.

Layese, Julie Angelie T.

Larson, Lindsay Marie V.

Mercado, Hannah Isabelle M.

Rufila, Nicky Cassandra V.

Tan, Allen Earvin A.

Taghoy, Monicca O.

January 17, 2020

Table of Contents
 Page
TITLE PAGE i
CHAPTER
1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Theoretical Background
Review of Related Studies
Conceptual Framework
THE PROBLEM
Statement of the Problem
Significance of the Study
Scope and Limitation
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
Research Environment
Research Respondents
Research Instruments
Research Procedures
Preliminary Procedures
Gathering of Data
 DEFINITION OF TERMS
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
A TRANSMITTAL LETTER
B RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
C TIME TABLE OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
D RESEARCH BUDGET
E RESEARCH DOCUMENTATION

CURRICULUM VITAE
 Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

Rationale

People eat vegetables not just because they like vegetables but also for the

nutritional benefits derived from them. High amounts of phytochemicals,minerals and

antioxidants recorded in this research gives preference to the use of organic than

inorganic fertilizer.The results of this study therefore,encourage the used of organic

fertilizer in growing Brassica rapa L. for better nutritional quality.

The agriculture sector of the Philippines is deemed unsustainable by various

studies as the main focus of the current developing agenda is feeding the ever-expanding

population. Farming serves as the most reliable source of income to farmers. Thus, using

synthetic fertilizers in growing vegetables has been a practice for centuries in civilized

countries (Gonzales et.al, 2015).

Fertilizer application using inorganic fertilizer sources is one of the most common

cultural management practices in vegetable production. This is because they are very

easy to use, quickly absorbed and utilized by crops. However these fertilizers contributes

substantially to human, animal food intoxication and environmental instability or

degradation (Masarirambi, 2010).

 There is an increase of demand in organic fertilizer and organically produced

vegetables due to its health and nutritional benefits, especially in the cities where most

people are getting the trend of ‘healthy lifestyle’. Having information on the use and of

organic fertilizers for vegetable and plant production in own household is very important,

it can help waste management and improve segregation practices.

As the global population increase and the scale of cities expand, the discharge of

kitchen waste is always increasing. Nearly 30% of the fruit, vegetables, grains, meat and

packaged food produced around the world gets tossed out each year. Kitchen waste has

become a huge environmental problem in each country.

To counter this, the up cycling of kitchen waste into organic fertilizer has become

a very popular, environmentally friendly, and cheap alternative to both waste

management and agricultural fertilizer.

Eggshells contain and trace amounts of other micro elements, i.e. magnesium,

boron, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, Sulphur, silicon and zinc. Eggshell

calcium and it’s about 90% absorbable (King’ori A.M., 2011).

Food is a necessity for people with a big percentage. The banana fruit is one of

the major food constituents in the food resources principal. Banana peels are readily

available agricultural waste that has basic nutrients that can support plant growth (NPK).

Banana peels are convenient, non-toxic and eco-friendly. This can be a good organic

fertilizer to use (Auli, et. al.,2015).

Oranges are rampant in the Philippines, nowadays. Instead of throwing the peels,

this can be a good source of nutrients that can support microbial growth in soil and can
produce healthy plants. Orange peels has a high source of nitrogen, phosphorous and

potassium (Guerrero, et. al., 1995).

Apples in the compost are a good source of nitrogen. Nitrogen is a necessary

ingredient that helps compost break down. Using old apples, wastes, or even their

peelings can be a great substitute to synthetic fertilizers (Hanley, S., 2010).

Review of Related Studies

Organic agriculture has continued to grow substantially despite the world economic

crisis.It is now being viewed as an additional option to conventional or “chemical”

agriculture and not just for the niche market.But uncertainties remain that it can be an

alternative option that could feel the world.The reported organic area in the Philippines

bis just 52,500 hectares but the government support for organic agriculture became more

emphatic and accelerated in 2010 with the passing of the “Organic Agriculture Act of

2010”or RA 10068 which provides for its development and promotion in the

country.(Maghirang,2015)

Fertilizers are soil amendments applied to promote plant growth; the main nutrients

present in fertilizer are nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ('macro nutrients') and other

nutrients ('micro nutrients and trace elements'). Most of the fruit peels contain potassium,

vitamins, minerals and some essential elements which enhance the growth of plants.

According to researchers Mabsira and Jenifer, the results of their study implied

that the fruit peel powder extract increased the growth of plants and yield and the leaves

of the plants were remaining green till harvesting. Additionally growth of microorganisms

were also increased by the application of fruit peel powder and extract (2014). In another
study, it is also stated that Banana fruit is essential food constitute in the principal food

resources in the world and occupy the fourth world rank of the most significant foodstuffs

after rice, corn, and milk. It contains a high quality and cheap source of protein, starch,

vitamins, bio-active compounds and other essential micro nutrients such as Calcium,

Potassium and Nitrogen. (Auli, et al., 2015). Due to its availability and value, it is capable

of an ideal substrate for microbial process for production of value added products (Panda,

2013). Banana peels are readily available agricultural waste that is underutilized as

potential growth medium for yeast strain, despite their rich carbohydrate content and other

basic nutrients that can support yeast growth (Auli, et al., 2015).

Many households discard banana peelings and other nutrient-rich kitchen

products that would otherwise have limitless potential to be up cycled into a more useful

product. Another underutilized kitchen waste would be eggshells. Eggshell contains

calcium and trace amounts of other micro elements. Eggshell calcium is best natural

source of calcium and it is about 90% more absorbable than limestone or coral sources.

( Gaonkar, 2016). In another study done by researchers Khairnar and Nair, it is stated

that pH testing of samples shows eggshell is less acidic and banana is alkaline in nature.

Eggshell has high calcium source and regulates many metabolic process and biochemical

function. By experimenting eggshell, sweet lime peel and banana peel formulation for

assessment of pH, they can regulate the amount of eggshell and fruit peel powder

required for a particular soil. (2019)

Conceptual Framework
Kitchen waste fertilizer Brassica rapa L. Growth Brassica rapa L. growth
Performance Indicator improvement
 Orange
 Leaf area
 Apple
 Weight
 Banana
c  Height
 Eggshell
Commercial Fertilizer

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to compare an organic foliar fertilizer from Banana peel, orange

peel, apple peel and waste, and eggshells (from chicken) as its components, and the

commercial fertilizer. This study is to be conducted during the second semester of SY

2019-2020. The result of this study will be used as a guide to develop and present a

fertilizer that is most efficient for the growth of Brassica rapa L.. This research seeks to

answer the following questions:

 1. Before planting Brassica rapa L., what nutrients are present in the soil analysis in

three treatments (T0,T1,T2) ?

2. After planting Brassica rapa L., what nutrients are present in the soil analysis in

three treatments (T0,T1,T2) ?

3. Which is more effective in the growth of Brassica rapa L. in three treatments

(T0,T1,T2) in terms of height,leaf area,and weight?

4. Which fertilizer give off the best result after exposure time?

5. Which fertilizer is more effective for the growth of Brassica rapa L.?

Significance of the Study

This study promotes awareness in using organic foliar fertilizer in our own

farmlands and household, as an inexpensive alternative to help our farmers and

gardeners in restoring and maintaining the nutrients of the soil.

With the use of the national population,the demand of food and agriculture

also drastically rises,leading to the use of intensive agricultural processes that

leave long lasting negative effects on the soil.The promotion and the use of

sustainable organic fertilizer can help balance and maintain healthy nutrient

managements in soil for the stability and reliability of our agricultural factors.

This study will also help the community by alienating expenses required in

buying fertilizer due to its kitchen-wasted-based nature.

(This study is limited to the mixture of blended eggshells, chopped banana peel,

orange peel, and apple waste fermented as alternative components for organic fertilizer
and the commercial fertilizer, with the use of Brassica rapa L. as the test plant. The

determination of the experimental plants was based only to its morphological features,

the plant height and size and color of the leaves, and weight of the plants per treatment.

This study is limited to 45 days only)

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study was conducted in Larson’s residence at tabaniang apartment, unit

number 2, aboitiz street, Cebu City.This study is limited to the mixture of blended

eggshells,chopped banana peel,orange peel,and apple waste fermented as alternative

components for organic fertilizer and the commercial fertilizer,with the use of Brassica

rapa L. as the test plant.The determination of the experimental plants was based only to

its morphological features,the plant height and size and color of the leaves,and weight of

the plants per treatment.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

In order to satisfy the objectives of the research, this quantitative research makes

use of a comparative experimental approach. Comparative Experiments involve testing

two variables by designing an experiment. It contains a testable hypothesis, at least one

independent (manipulated) variable, one dependent (responding) variables and a control

group. Comparative experiments are usually designed to test the relationships between

independent and dependent variable.

The comparative experiment can be designed to collect data on different

organisms/objects/features/events or collect data under different conditions (e.g., time of

the year, temperature, pH, location) to test the hypothesis. The quantitative approach is

appropriate for this study because the data collected and used focuses on the numerical

and quantifiable measurements of different variables and their relation to one another.

Research Environment

The locale of this research is in the backyard of the researchers residences,

which is located in Cebu City. The backyard has an area of 250 square meters and is

open to both natural light and atmospheric conditions. The climate in Cebu City is

tropical, wherein mean temperature of all 12 months is warmer than 18 degrees Celsius

or 64 degrees Fahrenheit as stated by the Koppn-Geiger climate classification.

Research Instruments

Soil Analysis will be conducted at the Department of Agriculture (DA), Cebu City.

The soil samples of the three treatments (T0, T1 and T2) will be sent to the DA laboratory,

before planting and after harvesting the Brassica rapa L.

The growth performance of Brassica rapa L. will be recorded through observational

analysis. Ruler and weighing scale will be used as the measuring instruments, to record
the height, leaf area and weight. Brassica rapa L. will be assessed and measured once a

week for 45 days only, and the weight will be taken after the harvest.

The data will be presented in tabular form with the corresponding significant

differences of the three treatments (T0, T1, T2).

Raw Materials:

Banana peel, Orange peel, Apple peel and waste, Crude sugar/Mascuvado

Sugar, Eggshells, Calamansi juice, and rain water.

Other Materials:

1 Gallon plastic container, a piece of cloth, Rubber band, Empty plastic

bottles/gallons w/ cap, Strainer, Funnel, Measuring cup, Bolo, Stick, Mortar and pestle,

Blender, Pechay seeds, Commercial fertilizer, and Polyethylene pots

Research Procedures

Preliminary Procedures

 Preparation for planting media

Sterilized soil was placed in 15 separate pots in preparation for the

experiment. Each pot served as one experimental unit representing one replication

of a specific treatment. All experimental units were placed in their designated open

area. Regular watering was done to ensure there was sufficient moisture content

for favorable growing conditions of the pechay plant. Regular inspection of each
 pot was also done to check for the presence of bugs and insects that might affect

the condition of the plant.

 Fermentation of Kitchen waste

The the raw materials of 800 grams of chopped banana peel, 200 grams of

chopped orange peel, 200 grams of apple waste , 200 grams pulverized eggshells,

1.4 Kg Mascuvado sugar, 5.3 liter Water, and 140 ml Calamansi Juice was

prepared on a work table.

200 grams of eggshells, 560 ml of water and 140 ml of Calamansi juice was

then placed in a blender and mixed. 800 grams of chopped banana peel, 200

grams of chopped orange peel, 200 grams of apple waste, 1 kilogram of

Mascuvado sugar and 4.7 Liters of water was placed into a large plastic container

along with the blended eggshells, and mixed until the sugar dissolved. The

container was then covered with a piece of cloth and secured with a rubber band.

It was placed in a cool shaded area away from direct sunlight and making sure that

it would not be disturbed. The container was set aside for a week.

After sitting for a week mold on the surface of the mixture can be observed,

and the liquid now produced a strong sour scent- a sign of beneficial bacteria

inhabiting the mixed liquid. The liquid was then mixed thoroughly with a stirring

stick and strained into a large plastic gallon with the cap loosely on to allow for the

bacteria to breathe. The gallon was then placed in a dark protected area and after

one more week the mixed liquid was then ready to be used as an organic
 foliar fertilizer.

Gathering of Data

The researchers have gathered the data every week. In every 7 days, the height,

leaf size, and weight of the pechay were observed and measured. The data are taken

down and organized in different tables to see easily see its similarity and contrast.

Treatment of Data

The experiment was laid out in 3 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments

are:

T0: No Foliar fertilizer application (control group).

T1: Brassica Rapa L. applied with 5 ml of diluted kitchen waste solution.

T2: Brassica Rapa L. applied with Commercial Fertilizer.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Fertilizer- are soil amendments that contains nutrients to promote plant growth added in

small amounts.

Organic fertilizer- Comprised of a variety of plant-derived materials that range from fresh

or dried plant material to animal manures and litters. This promotes growth of

microorganisms in the soil, which will have a positive effect, to both, plant and soil.
Inorganic fertilizer- Also known as synthetic fertilizer. Inorganic compounds that are

usually derived from by-products of the petroleum industry, provides nutrients for

the plants to survive but doesn’t support microbiological life in soil.

Brassica rapa L. (Pechay)- Belongs to the Brassiceae family and one of the most known

vegetables in the Philippines. It is also one of the oldest green vegetables in Asia.

Used for its tender leaves and is also used as garnish.

REFERENCES

Rezzoradori, K., Amante, E., Benedetti, S. (2012) Proposals for the residues recovery:
Orange waste As Raw Material For New Products. Retrieved from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257415713_Proposals_for_the_residue
s_recovery_Orange_waste_as_raw_material_for_new_products

Mubsira, M.S., Jenifer, B.S. (2014). Application of Different Frui Peels Formulations As A
Natural Fertilizer For Plant Growth. Retrieved
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411309855264769@1475075319752/download/1.pdf
Guerrero, C.C. (1995). Re-Use of Industrial Oraange Wastes as Organic Fertilizer
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journal.umm.ac.id/files/file/A%20Review%20of%20the%20Uses%20of%20Poultr
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Gonzales, L. M. F., Caralde, R. A., Aban, M. L. (2015). Response of Pechay (Brassica
napus L.) to Different Levels of Compost Fertilizer. Retrieved from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319628493_Response_of_Pechay_Bra
ssica_napus_L_to_Different_Levels_of_Compost_Fertilizer

Green, B.W. (2015). Feed and Feeding Practices in Aquaculture. Retrieved from:
https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=311357

Miller, R. (2018). Inorganic Fertilizer Vs. Organic Fertilizer. Retrieved from:

https://homeguides.sfgate.com/inorganic-fertilizer-vs-organic-fertilizer-39528.html

Auli, N., et al. (2015) Waste BananaPeel and Its Potentialization in Agricultural
Applications: Morphology Overview. Retrieved from:
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mazlan_Mohamed/publication/283894172_
Waste_Banana_Peel_and_Its_Potentialization_in_Agricultural_Applications_Mor
phology_Overview/links/564999a908aef646e6d25ad4.pdf