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Maths Short Tricks & Formulas Free Quant e-book

NUMBER SYSTEM
Method to multiply 2-digit number.
1. AB × CD = AC {AD + BC} BD
63*46 = 24 {36 + 12} 18
Add the middle term = 24 {48} 18
Keep first term intact, form the middle term by adding 2 numbers also
keep the last term same, which means
2 (4+4) (8+1) 8 = 2898

Divisibility

Numbers IF A Number
End with 0,2,4,6,8 are divisible
Divisible by 2
by 2
Divisible by 3 Sum of its digits is divisible by 3
Divisible by 4 Last two digit divisible by 4
Divisible by 5 Ends with 0 or 5
Divisible by 6 Divides by Both 2 & 3
Divisible by 8 Last 3 digit divide by 8
Divisible by 10 End with 0
[Sum of its digit in odd places-
Divisible by 11 Sum of its digits in even places]
= 0 or multiple of 11
[The number must be divisible
Divisible by 12
by 3 and 4]
[Multiply last digit with 4 and
add it to remaining number in
Divisible by 13
given number, result must be
divisible by 13]
[The number must be divisible
Divisible by 14 by 2 and 7. Because 2 and 7 are
prime factors of 14.]
[The number should be divisible
Divisible by 15 by 3 and 5. Because 3 and 5 are
prime factors of 15.]
Maths Short Tricks & Formulas Free Quant e-book

[The number formed by last

Divisible by 16 four digits in given number
must be divisible by 16.]
[Multiply last digit with 5 and
subtract it from remaining
Divisible by 17
number in given number, result
must be divisible by 17]
[The number should be divisible
Divisible by 18
by 2 and 9]
[Multiply last digit with 2 and
add it to remaining number in
Divisible by 19
given number, result must be
divisible by 19]
[The number formed by last
Divisible by 20 two digits in given number must
be divisible by 20.]

Division & Remainder Rules

A very basic formula for division rules is:

dividend = (divisor✘quotient) + remainder

or
divisor= [(dividend)-(remainder] / quotient

This could be mathematically written in another way:

 x = kq + r where (x = dividend, k = divisor, q = quotient, r = remainder).

Maths Short Tricks & Formulas Free Quant e-book

Sum Rules:

• Sum of first n natural numbers= n(n+1)/2

• Sum of square of first n natural numbers= n(n+1)(2n+1)/6
• Sum of cubes of first n natural numbers= (n(n+1)/2)^2
• Sum of first n odd numbers= n^2
• Sum of first n even numbers= n(n+1)

Number of divisors:
(i) If N is any no. and N = an × bm × cp × .... where a, b, c is prime no.
(ii) No. of divisors of N = (n + 1) (m + 1) (p + 1) ....

ALGEBRA:
(i) (a + b)2 + (a – b)2 = 2 (a2 + b2 )
(ii) (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 – (𝑎 – 𝑏)2 = 4ab

(iii)𝑎3 + 𝑏3 = (a + b) (𝑎2 – ab + 𝑏2 )

(iv) 𝑎3 – 𝑏3 = (a – b) (a2 + ab + b2)

(v) a4 + a2 + 1 = (a2 + a + 1) (a2 – a + 1)

(vi) If a + b + c = 0, then a3 + b3 + c3=3abc

(𝑎+𝑏)2 −(𝑎−𝑏)2
(vii) =4
𝑎𝑏
(𝑎+𝑏)2 +(𝑎−𝑏)2
(viii) =2
𝑎2 +𝑏2

(ix) If a1x + b1y = c1 and a2x + b2y = c2, then

(a) a1/a2 ≠ b1/b2, one solution
(b) a1/a2 = b1/b2 = c1/c2, infinitely many solution
(c) a1/a2 = b1/b2 ≠ c1/c2, No Solution
Maths Short Tricks & Formulas Free Quant e-book

Arithmetic Progression:
If a, a + d, a + 2d, .... are in A.P., then, nth term of A.P. an = a + (n – 1) d
Sum of n terms of this A.P = Sn = n/2 [2a + (n-1) d]
Where: a = first term
d = common difference

Geometric Progression:
(i) G.P. = a, ar, ar2, .........
Then, nth term of G.P. an = arn-1
Sum of n numbers Sn = a (rn-1)/r-1, For r>1
= a (1 - rn )/ 1-r, for r<1

AVERAGE:
(i) Average of first n natural no. = (n=1)/2
(ii) Average of first n even no. = (n + 1)
(iii) Average of first n odd no. = n
(iv) Average of sum of square of first n natural no. = (n+1)(2n+1)/6
(v) Average of sum of square of first n even no. = 2 (n+1)(2n+1)/3
(vi) Average of sum of square of first odd no = (4n2 - 1)/3
(vii) If average of some observations is x and a is added in each
observation, then new average is (x + a).
(viii) If average of some observations is x and a is subtracted in each
observation, then new average is (x – a).
(ix) If average of some observations is x and each observation multiply
by a, then new average is ax.
(x) If average of some observations is x and each observation is divided
by a, then new average is x/a
Maths Short Tricks & Formulas Free Quant e-book

RATIO & PROPORTION:

(i) A/k1 = b/K2 = c/K3 ….. then (a+b+c+….)/c = (K1+K2+K3+…)/K3

(ii) A number added or subtracted from a, b, c & d, so that they are in
𝑎𝑑−𝑏𝑐
proportion = (𝑎+𝑑)−(𝑏+𝑐)

TIME & WORK:

(i) A can-do a/b part of work in t1 days and c/d part of work in t2 days,
𝑡 𝑡
then 𝑎 1 = ⁄2
⁄𝑏 𝑐 𝑑
(a) If A is K times efficient than B, Then T(K + 1) = KtB
(b) If A is K times efficient than B and takes t days less than B, then T = t/(k-1)
& tb = t/k-1 = KtA

(iii) If a cistern takes X min to be filled by a pipe but due to a leak, it takes
Y extra minutes to be filled, then the time taken by leak to empty the
cistern
= (X2 + XY)/Y min
(iv) If a leak empties a cistern in X hours. A pipe which admits Y litres per
hour water into the cistern and now cistern is emptied in Z hours,
then capacity of cistern is = (X+Y+Z)/ (Z-X)
(v) If t1 and t2 time taken to travel from A to B and B to A, with speed a
km/h and b km/h, then distance from A to B is
𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑏
𝑑 = (𝑡1 + 𝑡2 ) ( ) or 𝑑 = (𝑡1 − 𝑡2) ( )
𝑎+𝑏 𝑎−𝑏

𝑡1𝑡2
𝑑 = (𝑎 − 𝑏) ( )
𝑡1 − 𝑡2
Maths Short Tricks & Formulas Free Quant e-book

PERCENTAGE:

Simple
Percentage
Fraction
1 100%
1/2 50%
1/3 33.3%
1/4 25%
1/5 20%
1/6 16.67%
1/7 14.28%
1/8 12.50%
1/9 11.11%
1/10 10.00%
1/11 9.09%
1/12 8.33%

𝑎
(i) If A is (x% = a/b) more than B, then B is % less than A.
𝑎+𝑏
𝑎
(ii) If A is (x% = a/b) more than B, then B is % more than A.
𝑎−𝑏
if a > b, we take a – b
if b > a, we take b – a.
(iii) If price of a article increase from Rs ‘a’ to Rs ‘b’, then its expenses
𝑏−𝑎
decrease by ( ̇ × 100) % that expenditure will be same.
𝑏
(iv) Due to increase/decrease the price x%, A man purchase a kg
more in ` y, then Per kg increase or decrease = (XY/100*a)
Maths Short Tricks & Formulas Free Quant e-book

For 2 Articles, If price:

Ist IInd Overall

Increase
Increase Increase (𝑥 + 𝑦 +
(x%) (y%) 𝑥𝑦
)%
100
𝑥𝑦
(𝑥 − 𝑦 − )%
Increase Decrease 100
(x%) (y%) if +ve (increase)
if -ve (decrease)
Decrease
Decrease Decrease (𝑥 + 𝑦 −
(x%) (y%) 𝑥𝑦
)%
100

Increase Decrease Decrease

(x%) (x%) (X2/100) %

(v) If the side of a square or radius of a circle is x%

increase/decrease, then its area increase/decrease = (2X ±
X2/100) %
(vi) If the side of a square, x% increase/decrease then x% its
perimeter and diagonal increase/decrease.
(vii) If population P increase/decrease at r% rate, then after t years
𝟏𝟎𝟎±𝑹
population 𝑷 { }t
𝟏𝟎𝟎
(viii) If a man spends x% of this income on food, y% of remaining on
rent and z% of remaining on cloths. If he has ` P remaining, then
𝑷×𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟑
total income of man is = (𝟏𝟎𝟎−𝒙)(𝟏𝟎𝟎−𝒚)(𝟏𝟎𝟎−𝟐)
Maths Short Tricks & Formulas Free Quant e-book

SIMPLE & COMPOUND INTEREST:

If P = Principal, R = Rate per annum, T = Time in years, SI = Simple interest, A
= Amount

(i) Simple Interest = PRT/100

(ii) Amount = Principle + Simple Interest = P[1+RT/100]
(iii) If P = Principal, A = Amount in n years, R = rate of interest per annum.
Then
A= P [1+ R/100]n , interest payable annually.
For Half-yearly interest R = r/2
For Quarterly interest R = r/4
(iv) CI = Amount – Principal = P [(1+R/100) n -1]
(v) When Rates are different for different years, say R1, R2, R3% for 1st,
2nd & 3rd years respectively, then,
Amount = P[1+R1/100] [1+R2/100] [1+R3/100]

Few Tricks for Faster Math Calculations:

1. Finding square of numbers having 5 unit digit- Suppose a number 55 is

given to you, all you need to do is square the 5 at units place and
multiply the number at 10’s place with its succeeding number, in this
case 6.

So it makes (55)2 = (5*6)25 = 3025

Example: (75)2 = (7*8)25 = 5625

2. Multiplying a number by 11- If you must multiply a number by 11, here

are few very basic steps that will reduce your calculations to your fingers.

Example: 23*11 = Take the number 23, put 2&3 at 100’s and unit place,
2()3. In the blank in between put the total of units and 100s place, which
makes it 2(2+3)3 = 253 which is the answer.

There is one exception to this condition, when the total of mid term
exceeds 10, add the 1 from 10 in the first digit.
Maths Short Tricks & Formulas Free Quant e-book

Example: 59*11 = 5(5+9)9 = 5(14)9 = (5+1)49 = 649

3. Division by 5: If a number is given to be divided by 5, all you need to do is

just double the given number and move the decimal point to 1 place left.

Example – 350/5, multiply 350 by 2 which makes it 700, now move the
decimal to 1 place left. Therefore, answer is 70

4. Multiplying a number by 5: To multiply a number by, it may seem easy

for smaller number but when it comes to 3- or 4-digit number you might
feel the pain. Don’t worry here is a super trick to approach. If you must
multiply a number by 5, just divide the given number by 2 and add 0 at
the end, in case of decimal move it one step right.

Example: 124*5. Divide 124 by 2, which makes it 62, now add a zero at
the end, which makes it 620, and that is your answer.

5. Multiplying a number by 9: Suppose you wish to multiply a number by 9.

Let take an example, 72*9. All you need to do is add 0 at the end of
number other than 9 here it is 72, which makes it 720. Now subtract the
original number from 720. The answer becomes 648.

These are few faster solving techniques and formulas that will help you increase
your confidence and efficiency and will reduce your time consumptions.
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