IOT

Unit-IV

Part-A

1) What are the basic building blocks of an IoT device?

Sensing, actuation, communication, analysis and processing

2) List out the Raspberry Pi interfaces?

Serial, SPI, I2C

3) Write about Raspberry Pi?

Raspberry Pi is a low-cost mini-computer with the physical size of a credit card

4) Write the purpose of Serial Raspberry Pi interface?

The serial port is a low-level way to send data between the Raspberry Pi and another computer system.

5) Write the purpose of SPI Raspberry Pi interface?

The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a communication protocol used to transfer data between micro-
computers like the Raspberry Pi and peripheral devices.

6) Write the purpose of I2C Raspberry Pi interface?

I2C is a useful bus that allows data exchange between microcontrollers and peripherals with a minimum of
wiring.

7) What are the various components/peripherals labelled with the Raspberry Pi board?
CPU/GPU, GPIO, RCA, Audio Out, LEDs, USB, HDMI, Power, SD Slot, Ethernet.

8) How is Raspberry Pi different from a Desktop computer?

Pi just has no video display.

9) What is the use of GPIO pins?

GPIO stands for General-Purpose Input/Output. These pins are a physical interface between the Raspberry Pi
and the outside world.

10) What is Cubieboard?

Cubieboard is a single-board computer.

11) Write short note on pcDuino?

pcDuino is a mini PC or single board computer platform that runs PC like OS such as Ubuntu and
Android ICS.

12) Discuss about BeagleBone Black.

BeagleBone Black is a low-cost, open source, community-supported development platform for ARM.
Part-B

1) Discuss various building blocks of IoT with help of neat sketch.

2) What is Raspberry Pi? Explain Raspberry Pi board with various components?

Raspberry Pi is a low-cost mini-computer with the physical size of a credit card. Raspberry Pi
runs various flavors of Linux and can perform almost all tasks that a normal desktop computer
can do. Raspberry Pi also allows interfacing sensors and actuators through the general purpose
I/O pins.

3) Discuss Raspberry Pi GPIO with PINs.

A powerful feature of the Raspberry Pi is the row of GPIO (general-purpose input/output) pins along the
top edge of the board. A 40-pin GPIO header is found on all current Raspberry Pi boards (unpopulated
on Pi Zero and Pi Zero W). Prior to the Pi 1 Model B+ (2014), boards comprised a shorter 26-pin header.
 Any of the GPIO pins can be designated (in software) as an input or output pin and used for a wide range
of purposes.

4) Demonstrate Raspberry Pi with interfacing LED.

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO # Import Raspberry Pi GPIO library

from time import sleep # Import the sleep function from the time module

GPIO.setup(8, GPIO.OUT) # Set pin 8 to be an output pin and set initial value to low (off)

while True: # Run forever

GPIO.output(8, GPIO.HIGH) # Turn on

sleep(1) # Sleep for 1 second

GPIO.output(8, GPIO.LOW) # Turn off

sleep(1) # Sleep for 1 second

5) Explain about Raspberry Pi interfaces

6) Write a Python program for blinking LED with Raspberry Pi?

Refer 4

7) What is the impact of Internet of Things having on Healthcare sector?

i) Simultaneous reporting and monitoring:
The IoT device collects and transfers health data: blood pressure, oxygen and blood sugar levels,
weight, and ECGs. These data are stored in the cloud and can be shared with an authorized
person, who could be a physician, your insurance company, a participating health firm or an
external consultant, to allow them to look at the collected data regardless of their place, time, or
device.
 ii) End-to-end connectivity and affordability:
IoT enables interoperability, machine-to-machine communication, information exchange, and
data movement that makes healthcare service delivery effective.

Connectivity protocols: Bluetooth LE, Wi-Fi, Z-wave, ZigBee, and other modern protocols,
healthcare personnel can change the way they spot illness and ailments in patients and can also
innovate revolutionary ways of treatment.

iii) Data assortment and analysis:

IoT devices can collect, report and analyses the data in real-time and cut the need to store the
raw data.

iv) Tracking and alerts:

IoT allows devices to gather vital data and transfer that data to doctors for real-time tracking

8) What are the different sectors where the Internet of Things can actually add value to the current
processes?

i. Enterprises
Global organizations are exploiting IoT to the utmost. 72 percent of enterprises have
implemented IoT devices (mobiles, air conditioning systems, lighting systems, etc.) in their work
to boost labor productivity.

ii. Industry
Executives of industrial enterprises showed a great interest in the use of chemical sensors and
systems reducing operational risks and solving the problems of downtime.

iii. Healthcare
The healthcare industry is likely to be the industry that uses big data and IoT devices most of all.
The key benefits it gets from the Internet of Things are the reduction of costs and the
enhancement of innovation.

iv. Retail
The Internet of Things evolution has added value to retail business operations.

v. Government.

9) Explain why energy consumption will be an issue when the Internet of Things is implemented?
i. Data centers and Sensors:
Data collected from billions of machines, appliances, “things,” and devices, as well as from
sensors and surveillance cameras integrated into our environment, driverless cars, “enhanced
humans”, microchipped humans and animals, and virtual and augmented reality, will be stored
and responded to in data centers. This requires energy or power.

ii. Energy consumed from machine-to-machine (m2m) communications:

 Machine-to-machine communication refers to 1) transmission of data from all Internet
connected “things,” 2) remote software updates for personal devices, and 3) back-up of data,
digital photos, and videos to the Cloud requires energy.

iii. Digital Technology:

Digital technology requires far more energy in the manufacturing process than do other
products.

10) What are the main challenges of the Internet of Things implementation?
i. Meeting customer expectations.
ii. Easing security concerns.
iii. Keeping IoT hardware updated.
iv. Overcoming connectivity issues.
v. Waiting for governmental regulation.

Part-C

1) How Rasberry Pi different from a desktop computer? Justify your answer with an illustration.
There are 2 main differences between a “normal PC” and a Raspberry Pi.

i. Construction

A normal PC is made up out of individual components , the basis is a motherboard. Everything in the
PC is connected to it. The CPU, RAM, video card. All these devices hook up to standardized
connectors and together they form the PC.

A Raspberry Pi is a single board computer. It has a motherboard (it is a motherboard) but everything
is soldered to it. You cannot add more memory or use a different video card.

ii. Architecture

A PC uses a x86 or x64 architecture. This is defined by the processor used. 32 bit is on the way out so
most these days are 64bit CPU’s. This has its origins in the IBM “PC” first launched in the 80’s which
used Intel CPU’s. These were of the x86 family. These days it is more likely to be x64/AMD64. The Pi
on the other hand uses an ARM CPU. The difference here is the instruction set. This is a list of
“commands” the CPU understands. Intel/ARM use very different instruction sets so operating
systems and programs that work fine on a x64 won’t work on an ARM system and vice versa.

2) Write a Python program for controlling an LED with a switch.

3) Write a Python program for sending an email on switch press.


4) Write a Python program for switching LED/Light based on reading LDR reading.
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5) Which are alternatives to Rasberry Pi? Explain with neat diagrams.

1. pcDuino
2. BeagleBone Black
3. Cubieboard
4. Asus Tinker Board
5. ODroid XU4
6. Banana Pi-M64