INFORMATION SHEET 1.

3-1

Install Linux OS (Ubuntu)

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:

1. Install Linux (ubuntu)

INTRODUCTION
Ubuntu is a free and open-source Linux distribution based on Debian. Ubuntu is
officially released in three editions: Desktop, Server, and Core. Ubuntu is a popular
operating system for cloud computing, with support for OpenStack. Ubuntu is
released every six months, with long-term support releases every two years.

Ubuntu (pronounced oo-BOON-too) is an open source Debian-based Linux

distribution. Sponsored by Canonical Ltd., Ubuntu is considered a good
distribution for beginners. The operating system was intended primarily for
personal computers (PCs) but it can also be used on servers.
 INSTALL UBUNTU ALONGSIDE WINDOWS OPERATING SYSTEM

Requirements
You'll need to consider the following before starting the installation:

Connect your laptop to a power source.

Ensure you have at least 25GB of free storage space, or 5GB for a minimal
installation.

Have access to either a DVD or a USB flash drive containing the version of Ubuntu
you want to install.
Make sure you have a recent backup of your data. While it's unlikely that anything
will go wrong, you can never be too prepared.

DOWNLOAD ISO FILE

1. Download the .iso files on your computer from the Ubuntu official site.
Visit https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop to download the latest
ubuntu installer.
 Just wait for several minutes (depending in your internet speed) to finish
downloading.

CREATE BOOTABLE DISK (live usb)

2. Download free disk creator software like RUFUS (Download link
https://rufus.ie/ ) to make a bootable USB drive.

3. Insert your flash drive in any available your USB port.

4. Open RUFUS bootable drive creator. Select your USB drive > click select.
5. Open the directory where the ISO files are stored > Select the .ISO file for
Ubuntu OS > Click Open.

6. Click the log icon to see if Linux distro is successfully added. Let the log dialog
box left opened in the entire execution. It helps to see the additional progress of
the process. Showing the log window is not mandatory you can close the
window if you wanted to.
7. Click start > Warning dialogue box will appear.
It indicated the there are files need to download. Just click yes to agree then let
the application download the missing files.

8. After a few seconds the image below shows that ISO images had been detected >
Choose the recommended image (Write in ISO image mode) > click OK to
continue.
9. Critical warning message will appear. It explains that your existing file will be
permanently erased after this procedure. Click OK to start the process.
Note: make it sure the USB drive that you are going to use is empty.

Wait for several minutes

10. After several minutes your USB drive is ready to use. Close the log window >
close the RUFUS app.

Note: If the status shows READY it indicated that the process is successfully
completed. Do not click START it will lead you to redo the process, just click
CLOSE then remove your flash drive.
 PARTITIONING
11. Open disk management. Press windows logo on your keyboard > type
diskmgmt.msc

12. Create Space on your hard drive.

a) Windows is likely to be on the C: drive and can be identified by its size

and the fact it has an NTFS partition. It will also be the active and boot
partition.

b) Right-click on the C: drive (or the drive that contains Windows) and
choose Shrink Partition.

c) The wizard will automatically set the amount that you can shrink the
disk by without harming Windows.
d) Choose how much space you want to set aside for Ubuntu including
creating space for documents, music, videos, applications and games
and then click Shrink.

You should allow at least 20 gigabytes for Ubuntu.

 The above screenshot shows how your disk will look after you have shrunk
Windows.

There will be unallocated space set to the size that you shrunk Windows by.

13. Insert the Live USB into any available USB ports.

14. Restart or turn on your computer

As soon as your computer boots you'll see the welcome window.

If your computer doesn't automatically boot from USB, try holding F12 when
your computer first starts. With most machines, this will allow you to select the
USB device from a system-specific boot menu.

F12 is the most common key for bringing up your system's boot menu, but
Escape, F2 and F10 are common alternatives. If you're unsure, look for a brief
message when your system starts - this will often inform you of which key to
press to bring up the boot menu.

15. You will first be asked to select your keyboard layout. If the installer doesn't
guess the default layout correctly, use the ‘Detect Keyboard Layout' button to
run through a brief configuration procedure.

After selecting Continue you will be asked What apps would you like to install
to start with? The two options are ‘Normal installation' and ‘Minimal
installation'. The first is the equivalent to the old default bundle of utilities,
applications, games and media players - a great launchpad for any Linux
installation. The second takes considerably less storage space and allows you to
install only what you need.
Beneath the installation-type question are two checkboxes; one to enable
updates while installing and another to enable third-party software.

Ubuntu community advises enabling both Download updates and Install third-
party software if you are going to use it for a long period of time. Stay connected
to the internet so you can get the latest updates while you install Ubuntu.
If you are not connected to the internet, you will be asked to select a wireless
network, if available. Ubuntu community advises you to connect during the
installation, so we can ensure your machine is up to date. But take note, this is
only applicable if you are directly connected to the internet during the
installation.

Recommendation

Ignore the updates while installing to avoid slow installation.

Before you continue with the installation you will receive a checklist to show
how well prepared you are for installing Ubuntu as follows:

• Do you have at least 7.1 gigabytes of hard drive space?

• Are you connected to a power supply?
• Are you connected to the internet?
 There is a checkbox at the bottom of the screen which lets you install third
party software for playing MP3s and watching Flash videos. It is entirely
optional as to whether you choose to check this box. You can install the
necessary plugins after the installation is complete by installing the Ubuntu
Restricted Extras package and this is my preferred option.

16. The Installation Type screen is where you get to choose whether to install
Ubuntu on its own or whether to dual boot with Windows.

There are three main options:

• Install Ubuntu Alongside Windows 7.

• Erase Disk and Install Ubuntu.
• Something Else.

It is perfectly acceptable to choose the Install Ubuntu Alongside Windows 7

option and click Install Now.

17. Choose your time zone by clicking where you live on the map provided and
click Continue.
18. Choose your keyboard layout by selecting the language in the left pane and
then the physical layout in the right pane.

You can test the keyboard layout by entering text into the box provided.

Note: The detect keyboard layout button attempts to match your keyboard
automatically.

After you have chosen your keyboard layout click Continue.

19. A default user needs to be set up.

Ubuntu doesn't have a root password. Instead, users must be added to a group
to enable them to use "sudo" to run administrative commands.

The user created on this screen will automatically be added to the "sudoers"
group and will be able to perform any task on the computer.

1) Enter the name of the user and a name for the computer so that it can
be recognized on a home network.
2) Now create a username and enter it.
3) Repeat a password to be associated with the user.
4) The computer can be set up to log in automatically to Ubuntu or to
require the user to login with the username and password combination.
5) Finally, you get a chance to encrypt the home folder of the user to protect
the files that are stored there.
6) Click Continue.
20. The files will now be copied to your computer and Ubuntu will be installed.
• You will be asked whether you want to restart your computer or continue
testing.

• Restart your computer and remove USB drive

• When your computer reboots a menu should appear with options for
Windows and Ubuntu.

• Try Windows first and make sure that everything still works.

• Reboot again but this time choose Ubuntu from the menu. Make sure that
Ubuntu boots up. You should now have a fully working dual booting system
with Windows 7 and Ubuntu Linux.