Govt.

of Karnataka, Department of Technical Education

Diploma in Computer Science
Sixth Semester

Subject: Embedded and Real-Time Systems

Contact Hrs / week: 4 Total hrs: 64

Table of Contents

Slno Chapters Hours Marks

1 Introduction to Embedded Systems 4 10
2 Architecture of Embedded Systems 10 25
3 Programming for Embedded Systems 10 25
4 Hardware Platforms 4 10
5 Communication Interfaces 8 20
6 Embedded / RTOS Concepts 8 20
7 Overview of Embedded / Real-Time 6 15
Operating Systems
8 Representative Embedded Systems 4 10
9 Future Trends 2 5
Seminar, Guest Lectures and Industry 5
Innovation
Tests 3
64 140 + 5
Objectives

Details of Contents

1 Introduction to Embedded Systems

1.1 What is an Embedded System?
1.2 Application Areas
1.3 Categories of Embedded Systems
1.3.1 Standalone Embedded Systems
1.3.2 Real-Time Systems
1.3.3 Networked Information Appliances
1.3.4 Mobile Devices
1.4 Overview of Embedded System Architecture
1.5 Specialties of Embedded Systems
1.5.1 Reliability
1.5.2 Performance
1.5.3 Power Consumption
1.5.4 Cost
 1.5.5 Size
1.5.6 Limited User Interface
1.5.7 Software Upgradation capability
1.6 Recent trends in Embedded Systems
1.6.1 Processor Power
1.6.2 Memory
1.6.3 Operating System
1.6.4 Communication Interfaces and Networking Capability
1.6.5 Programming Languages
1.6.6 Development Tools
1.6.7 Programmable Hardware

2 Architecture of Embedded Systems

2.1 Hardware Architecture
2.1.1 Central Processing Unit
2.1.2 Memory
2.1.3 Clock Circuitary
2.1.4 Watch Dog Timer / Reset Circuitry
2.1.5 Chip Select
2.1.6 Input / Output Devices
2.1.7 Debugg Port
2.1.8 Communication Interfaces
2.1.9 Power Supply Unit
2.2 Software Architecture
2.2.1 Services Provided by an OS
2.2.2 Architecture of an Embedded OS
2.2.3 Categories of Embedded OS
2.3 Application Software
2.4 Communication Software
2.4.1 TCP/IP Protocol Suite
2.5 Process of Generating Executable Image
2.5.1 Cross Platform Development
2.5.2 Boot Sequence
2.6 Development / Testing Tools
2.6.1 Hardware Development Testing Tools
2.6.2 Software Development Testing Tools

3 Programming for Embedded Systems

3.1 Overview of ANSI C
3.2 GNU Development Tools
3.3 Bit Manipulation Using C
3.2.1 Calculation of CRC
3.4 Memory Management
3.5 Timing of Programmes
3.6 Device Drivers
3.6.1 Tools for Device Driver Development
3.7 Productivity Tools
 3.7.1 Make file
3.7.2 Debugger
3.7.3 Profiler
3.7.4 Indenting
3.7.5 Revision Control
3.8 Code Optimization
3.9 C Coding Guidelines
3.10 Programming in C++
3.11 Programming in Java
3.11.1 Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME)
3.11.2 Server Side Programming
3.11.3 Java Development Tool

4 Hardware Platforms
4.1 Types of Hardware Platforms
4.1.1 Single Board Computer
4.1.2 PC Add On Cards
4.1.3 Custom Built Hardware Platform
4.2 89C51 Microcontroller Development Board
4.2.1 Development Board Features
4.2.2 Hardware Description

5 Communication Interfaces
5.1 Need for Communication Interfaces
5.2 RS232/UART
5.2.1 RS232 Communication Parameters
5.2.2 RS232 Connector Configurations
5.2.3 UART
5.2.4 NULL Modem Cable Connection

5.3 RS422/RS485
5.4 USB
5.4.1 USB Physical Interface
5.4.2 Features of USB
5.5 Infrared
5.6 IEEE 1394 Fire wire
5.7 Ethernet
5.8 IEEE 802.11
5.9 Bluetooth
5.9.1 Bluetooth System java Specification
5.9.2 Bluetooth Protocol Architecture

6 Embedded / RTOS Concepts

6.1 Architecture of Kernel
6.2 Tasks and task Schedulers
6.2.1 Task States
6.2.2 Context Switching
6.2.3 Scheduling Algorithm
 6.2.4 Rate Monotonic Analysis
6.2.5 Task management Function Calls
6.3 Interrupt service Routines
6.4 Semaphores
6.4.1 Semaphore Management Function Calls
6.5 Mutex
6.5.1 Mutex Management Function Calls
6.6 Mail Boxes
6.6.1 Mail Box Management Function Calls
6.7 Message Queues
6.7.1 Message Queue Management Function Calls
6.8 Event registers
6.8.1 Event Register Management Function Calls
6.9 Pipes
6.9.1 Pipe Management Function Calls
6.10 Signals
6.10.1 Signal Management Function Calls
6.11 Timers
6.11.1 Timer Management Function Calls
6.12 Memory Management
6.13 Priority Inversion Problem
6.13.1 Priority Inheritance
6.13.2 Pathfinder Problem Revisted

7 Overview of Embedded / ROT System

7.1 Off-the-Shell Operating Systems
7.1.1 Commonalities of the OS
7.1.2 Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX)
7.1.3 Difference in OS
7.2 Embedded OS
7.2.1 Embedded NT
7.2.2 Windows XP Embedded
7.2.3 Embedded Linux
7.3 RTOS
7.3.1 QNX Neutrino
7.3.2 VxWorks
7.3.3 MicroC/OS_II
7.3.4 RTLinux
7.4 Handheld OSs
7.4.1 Palm OS
7.4.2 Symbian OS
7.4.3 Windows CE
7.4.4 Windows CE.NET
8 Representative embedded Systems
8.1 Digital Thermometer
8.2 Handheld Computer
8.3 Navigation System
 8.4 IP Phone
8.5 Software-defined Radio
8.6 Smart Cards
8.7 RF Tags
9 Future Trends
9.1 Emerging Technologies
9.1.1 Pervasive / Ubiquitous
9.1.2 Java for Embedded Systems
9.1.3 Security of Embedded systems
9.1.4 Embedding Intelligence
9.2 Emerging Applications
9.3 The greatest songs are still unsung

Text book:
1. Embedded / Real-Time Systems : Concepts, Design And Programming, Black
Book , Dr. K V K K Prasad , DreamTech Press, ISBN: 9788177224610

Reference
1. Embedded System Design , Frank Vahid / Tony Givargis, Wiley, ISBN:
9788126508372

General Objectives:

1. To know the important features, specialties and simple architecture of ES

2. An overview of the S/W architecture and the tools required for development of
systems
3. To Understand the H/w platforms and communication interfaces for embed
systems
4. To understand the concepts of Embedded / RTOS.
5. To know the architectures of representative embedded systems

Specific Objectives:

1 Introduction to Embedded System

Understand what is an embedded systems
List the various application areas in which embedded system are used
Categorize embedded system
Gain knowledge of the architecture of the embedded systems
Understand the requirements of embedded systems
Learn about the recent trends in embedded system development
2 Architecture of Embedded Systems
Learn the hardware architecture of an Embedded system
Gain knowledge of the software architecture of an embedded system
Get an overview of the TCP/IP protocol architecture
Understand the process of creating an executable image for the embedded
system
Grasp the details of Cross platform development
Know the various tools required for Hardware/software development

3 Programming for Embedded Systems

Understand the important features of ANSI standard for C language
Learn the intricacies of C programming for Embedded Systems through
examples in bit manipulations
Learn Function calls for FILE I/O & memory management
Understand the importance of code Optimization
Gain knowledge of coding guidelines
Appreciate the importance of C++ & JAVA programming languages for
Embedded software development

4 Hardware Platforms
Gain knowledge of different types of hardware platforms
Learn in brief about a simple 89C51 based development board

5. Communication Interfaces
Appreciate the need for communication interface
Understand the Ethernet & Wireless LAN interfaces
Grasp the details of IEEE 1394 Interface
Gain knowledge of Infrared & Bluetooth wireless interfaces

6 Embedded /RTOS Concepts

Understand the architecture of the Kernel of an OS
Learn the details of Task scheduling algorithm
Gain knowledge of inter-task communication
Understand the details of Kernel objects such as tasks, task scheduler, ISR,
Semaphores, Mutexes, Mail Boxes, Message Queues, Event Registers, Pipes,
Signals & timers

7 Overview of Embedded / Real Time Operating Systems

Understand the commonalities & differences in the operating systems available
off – the – shelf
Get a good understanding of commercial & open source OS used in embedded /
real time systems as well as hand held/ mobile devices

8 Representative Embedded System

Understand the architecture of Representative Embedded systems viz., digital
thermometer, hand held computer, navigation system, IP Phone and software-
defined Radio
9 Future trends
Gain & understanding of the emerging Technologies
Learn about new applications of these Technologies
 Govt. of Karnataka, Department of Technical Education
Diploma in Computer Science & Engineering
Sixth Semester
Subject: Embedded and Real Time Systems

Max. Marks: 100 Max. Time: 3 Hours

Model Question Paper

Note: 1. Section –I is compulsory.

2. Answer any TWO questions from each remaining Sections.

Section - I
1 a. Fill in the blanks 5x1=5
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v
b). Explain the building blocks of navigation system 5

Section – II
2. a). what is an Embedded system? List the various applications of embedded
systems 5
b). Differentiate between hard real time system & soft real time system. 5
c) Explain the internal architecture of a processor 5
3 a). Differentiate between an embedded OS and a real time OS 5
b). What is cross platform development? List its tools 5
c). Explain the process of generating an executable image for embedded
software 5
4 a). Explain the boot sequence of an embedded system 5
b) Write a C functions i) to demonstrate bit wise operators?
ii) to check whether the bit is set to 1 or not 10
 Section-III
5 a). Write a C program to implement CRC 32 algorithm 15

6 a).List the important features of 89C51 development board 5

b). List the important features of ATmega 128 microcontroller 5
c). What are the reasons for the need of communication interfaces 5

7. a). What are the advantages of USB over RS 232 5

b). Explain the protocol architecture of Ethernet LAN 5
c). What is IrDA interface? What are its advantages & limitations 5
Section -IV
8. a). What are the objects of an OS kernel 5
b). Explain the difference between semaphore & mutex 5
c) Differentiate between preemptive & non preemptive OS 5

9. a). What are the memory management services provided by the kernel 5
b). List the various mobile / handheld OS and explain their features in brief
10
10. a). what is a smart card? List the various applications of smart card 5
b). Explain applications of pervasive computers and ubiquitous computers
5
c). Write a short note on embedded intelligence 5