International Journal of Management, Technology And Engineering ISSN NO : 2249-7455

SHEAR WALL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OPTIMIZATION IN

CASE OF HIGH RISE BUILDINGS
BUSA RAJESH KUMAR*, D.SANDHYARANI**

PG SCHOLAR*,ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

SREE DATTHA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & SCIENCE,AFFILIATED TO JNTUH SHERIGUDA(V), IBRAHIMPATNAM(M),

RANGAREDDY DISTRICT, HYDERABAD, TELANGANA-501510

ABSTRACT

India is a developing country with rapid industrialization and urbanization is taking place at
an incredibly fast pace. The cities are becoming large urban conglomerates with an urban sprawl

ranging up to 1000 km2. National Capital Territory of India is 842 km2, and will soon reach a
thousand square kilometers. This urban sprawl puts undue burden on land and especially prime
arable land is lost to accommodate dwellings and commercial establishments. To tackle this
problem, cities should strive to grow upwards rather than sideward. But growing taller has its own
advantages and disadvantages. Tall buildings are required due to increasing population density in
India, especially in urban areas. Also due to increase in the transportation and safety measure the FSI
(Floor Spacing Index) in Indian cities is increasing considerably. Structural engineers in the seismic
regions across the world often face the pressure to design high rise buildings with stiffness
irregularities, even though they know these buildings are vulnerable under seismic loading.
Contemporary tall buildings are becoming more and more slender, leading to the possibility of more
sway in comparison with earlier high rise buildings. Improving the structural systems of tall
buildings can control their dynamic response. With more appropriate structural forms such as shear
walls and tube structures and improved material properties. The general design concept of the
contemporary bearing wall building system depends upon the combined structural action of the floor
and roof systems with the walls. The floor system carries vertical loads and, acting as a diaphragm,
lateral loads to the walls for transfer to the foundation. Lateral forces of wind and earthquake are
usually resisted by shear walls which are parallel to the direction of lateral load. These shear walls,
by their shearing resistance and resistance to overturning, transfer the lateral loads to the foundation.
In the present study a 36 story high rise building, there is no sudden change in plan because if there
is any sudden change it may result in the stiffness/torsional irregularities of building if a small
seismic forces or any other less magnitude horizontal force strike the structure. The optimization

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techniques which are used in this project are firstly considered the size of shear wall is same
throughout the building and then analysis is done from the result the failed shear wall dimensions are
increased to resist the whole structure, in this way the optimization was done for number of time till
the whole structure comes to stable to resist the forces .In this present project shear wall design and
optimization is done by using the software ETABS and the shear walls are arranged in such a way to
resist the lateral forces in zone III region throughout the structure according to Indian codes.

INTRODUCTION:

Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Landslides, Floods and Fires are natural calamities causing severe damage and
sufferings to persons by collapsing the structures, cutting off transport systems, killing or trapping
persons, animals etc. Such natural disasters are challenges to the progress of development. However,
civil engineers as designers have a major role to play in minimizing the damages by proper designing
the structures or taking other useful decisions. Because of the vastness of the topic, “Disaster
management and mitigation”, this module includes understanding the earthquakes, behavior of the
materials of construction and structures and the extent to which structural engineers make use of the
knowledge in taking proper decisions in designing the structures made of reinforced concrete. The
Republic Day earthquake of January 26, 2001 in Gujarat clearly demonstrated the earthquake
vulnerability profile of our country. It created a considerable interest amongst the professionals
associated with construction activities in any form, as well as the non-professionals regarding the
earthquake safety issues. The subject of earthquake engineering has its own sophistication and a lot of
new research is being conducted in this subject. The analysis of a structure can be done using any one of
the methods namely linear static analysis, nonlinear static analysis, linear dynamic analysis and
nonlinear dynamic analysis. Bureau of Indian standards (BIS) has published the IS 1893 – 2000
“Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures”. In this code, the equivalent static analysis and
response spectrum methods are dealt with. It also says the dynamic analysis can be done using the time
history analysis (Bryan Folz1 and Andre Filiatrault). In this work, the analysis is conducted.It is well-
established fact that shear walls are quite effective in lateral load resistance of reinforced concrete
buildings. The performance of shear walls in high-rise buildings would be different from low-rise
buildings. Restriction in the architectural design by the presence of the shear walls may contribute to
discourage the engineers from adopting the shear walls. Due to this reasons a new concept of providing
storey deep and bay wide discrete staggered shear wall panels have been introduced and nonlinear
analysis were conducted on the models. Today many residential and commercial building adopted

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floating column to provide open space for parking, assembly hall purposes and also provide for good
aesthetic view. During earthquake storey shear need to be transferred down to the ground by the
shortest path; any discontinuity in the structural member results in change in the load path. Building
having vertical setback cause a sudden variation in earthquake forces at the level of discontinuity. The
discontinuities in the load path are formed in the buildings with floating columns at an intermediate
storey or ground storey and do not continue up to foundation. Shear wall are provide for high rise
building to resist lateral loads. These walls generally start from foundation level and they are continuous
throughout the floor of the building. They can have minimum thickness of 150- 600mm.Shear wall
provide lateral stiffness to structure to resist earthquake and wind loading. For high rise structure
contain floating column and transfer girder, we also provide shear wall to reduce lateral movement of
structure. Shear wall also reduce the structural responses of transfer girder at different positions.(Arturo
, Tena-Colunga, et al,2005) The characteristics ( intensity, duration etc ) of seismic ground vibrations
expected at any location depends upon the magnitude of earthquake, its depth of focus, distance from
the epicentre, characteristics of the path through which the seismic waves travel, and the soil strata on
which the structure stands. The random earthquake ground motions, which cause the structure to
vibrate, can be resolved in any three mutually perpendicular directions. The predominant direction of
ground vibration is usually horizontal

LITERATURE REVIEW:

Tabassum G Shrihatti (2015), investigated the effects of conventional analysis and the construction
stage analysis RC and steel buildings. Three-dimensional modeling of RCC and steel 30 storey building
situated in zone IV and hard soil type is consider and the analysis results are obtained. In both the
buildings the frames are consider as rigid frame. Finally, the results like shear force, bending moment
and displacements were compared with both the conventional model and construction sequence model
of RCC and building respectively using the ETABS-2013 software.

Viji R. Kumar and Binol Varghese (2017) ,studied that a G+29 RCC structure with transfer girder at
four locations are analyze for construction sequence and conventional method for zone-II and compared
there bending moments, shear forces and displacements for geometric nonlinearity material
nonlinearity.

Yousuf Dinar, Munshi Md. Rasel, et al (2014)], studied about the rigid frame structures of both concrete
and steel model of different configurations that have been taken for sequential analysis. The analysis

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result helps us to understand how the structure respond against loads of construction sequential analysis
and linear static analysis. The sequential analysis results were compared with conventional analysis
results. The effect of sequential construction and its effect on the overall design of the building has been
evaluated using finite element modeling. In this work, multi-storey buildings of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30
storey with a floating column in exterior position is considered. The parameters like column axial load
and beam maximum moment is compared with both the analysis using ETABS 9.7.2 software.

Meghna B.S and T.H Sadashiva Murthy (2016), here a RC building structure of G+ 5 storey with
floating column in exterior position and RC transfer girder was replaced by composite transfer girder
and the analysis of the model is carried out with the help of ETABS software. The analysis involved
here are conventional analysis and construction sequence analysis and the parameter such as beam
moments and deflection of both the buildings are compared.

VigneshKini K., RajeevaS.V.(2017), studied about the behavior of composite and RCC girder and there
comparison for response spectrum analysis and construction sequence analysis for zone-II in the form
of bending moments, displacement and shear force of transfer girder, with the help of CSI ETABS
2016.

R.Pranay,I.YaminiSreevalli,Er.Thota.Suneel Kumar (2014), Theytook G+21 storey structure and

analyze for conventional method and construction sequence method. Compare bending moment,
displacement and shear force of transfer girder which is provide at 1st floor at two location by
construction stage analysis and conventional analysis.

SriHarsha B and Vikranth J (2014), investigated about the factor which is affecting limit state of
serviceability of structure that is sequential construction and strength of concrete. Here two cases,
conventional analysis for building subjected to whole loading construction stage analysis for the
building subjected to stage loading are considered and deformation in both the cases are compared with
two analysis.

Meghana B.S and T.H. Sadashiva Murthy (2016), reviewed on RC and steel-concrete composite
building with floating column in different places in plan. Different buildings such as G+3, G+10 and
G+15 storey in earthquake zone II and V were analyzed using conventional analysis using ETABS
software. Structural responses such as storey shear, storey drift and storey displacement were compared

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with the results of normal RC building.

Can Balkaya et al (1993) studied about the shear wall dominant structures. Shear-wall dominant
buildings are the prevailing multi-story RC buildings type particularly in the regions prone to high
seismic risk. To identify their most essential design parameters, dynamic and inelastic static pushover
analyses were conducted on the backbone of performance based design methodology.

Antonio F. Barbosa et al (2000) considering the practical application of nonlinear models in the analysis
of reinforced concrete structures. The results of some analyses performed using the reinforced concrete
model of the general-purpose finite element code ANSYS are presented and discussed. The differences
observed in the response of the same reinforced concrete beam as some variations are made in a
material model that is always basically the same are emphasized.

Anthony J. Wolanski, B.S (2004) did study on the flexural behavior of reinforced and prestressed
concrete beams using finite element analysis. The two beams that were selected for modeling were
simply supported and loaded with two symmetrically placed concentrated transverse loads.

BozdoganK.B.,Deierlein et.al.,2010 discussed in detail the modeling issues, nonlinear behavior and
analysis of the frame – shear wall structural system. An approximate method which is based on the
continuum approach and one dimensional finite element method to be used for lateral static and
dynamic analyses of wall-frame buildings is presented. Shaik Kamal

Shahabodin ,Zaregarizi (2008) presented a study on Comparative investigation on using shear wall and
concrete infill to improve seismic performance of existing buildings in areas with high seismic
potential. Results shows that concrete fills have considerable strength than brick in fills. whereas the
displacement acceptance of brick infills is higher than concrete infills. Masonry infills as lateral
resisting elements have considerable strength which can prevent even collapse in moderate earthquakes.
Performance of concrete infills is dependent on adjacent elements especially columns, so premature
failure in columns due to strong axial forces must be considered.

MisamAbidi,MangulkarMadhuri (2012) presented an assessment to understand the behavior of

Reinforced Concrete framed structures by pushover analysis and the Comparative study was done for
different models in terms of base shear, displacement, performance point. The inelastic behaviour of the
example structures are examined by carrying out displacement controlled pushover analysis.

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METHODOLOGY:

MODELLING WITH ETABS

Planning of a structure entails considering the service conditions of the structure. That is, the
occupancy, capacity, lifetime and durability. The plan gives the top view of the structure giving the
floor plan. The different structural members are drawn and a plan is created. The plan shows the
beams, columns and shear walls.

Fig :Top view Plan of the building (from Etabs)

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The plan only provides for the floor plan but the structure needs to be analysed in real time
conditions hence a full isometric view or 3D view is generated for understanding the structural
behavior more holistically.

Fig : Isometric view of building (From Etabs)

The fig shows the structural behavior of building that is members,shear walls etc. of whole building.

Story Data
The table1 shows the details of different storys in building that are size of height,elevation etc.

and The height of are storys are given constant value.

Table 1 - Story Data

Eleva
Heig Mast Simil Spli
Nam tio n
ht er ar ce
e mm Stor To Sto
mm y ry
Story 3000 11100 Yes None No
37 0

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Story 3000 10800 No Story No

36 0 37
Story 3000 10500 No Story No
35 0 37
Story 3000 10200 No Story No
34 0 37
Story 3000 99000 No Story No
33 37
Story 3000 96000 No Story No
32 37
Story 3000 93000 No Story No
31 37
Story 3000 90000 No Story No
30 37
Story 3000 87000 No Story No
29 37
Story 3000 84000 No Story No
28 37
Story 3000 81000 No Story No
27 37
Story 3000 78000 No Story No
26 37
Story 3000 75000 No Story No
25 37
Story 3000 72000 No Story No
24 37
Story 3000 69000 No Story No
23 37
Story 3000 66000 No Story No
22 37
Story 3000 63000 No Story No
21 37

CONCLUSIONS
The structure was successfully built using ETABS and the Response spectrum analysis was used to
gauge the behaviour of the structure. The structure performed admirably and the results are discussed
below.
• The structure not being the same shape all around has changed the displacement of the structure
in X and Y direction.
• Displacement is greater in X direction than in Y direction.
• The story drift is also very high when compared to the Y direction.
• The shear walls are symmetrically distributed in X direction and asymmetric in the Y direction.

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• Shear wall configuration being symmetric reduces it damping effect than from an asymmetric
arrangement.
• The best way to reduce drift and displacement during lateral loading is to incorporate shear wall
in an asymmetric configuration in both directions.

REFERENCES

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Deformations on the Seismic Response of Asymmetric Shear Wall Buildings”, Journal of Structural
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[2] Peter K. Dean1 and Harry W. Shenton (2005), “Experimental Investigation of the Effect of
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[3] Kuang J. S. and Shubin Li (2005) “Interaction-Based Design Formulas for Transfer Beams: Box
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Engineering, October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China.
[5] Qiuhong Zhao and AbolhassanAstaneh-Asl, 2004, “Cyclic Behavior of Traditional and
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[6] John W. van de Lindt, and Matthew A. Walz, 2003, “Development and Application of Wood
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[8] Honggun Park and Taesung Eom,2005, “Direct Inelastic Earthquake Design Using Secant
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Buildings and Structures – Wind Loads”, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.

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[15] Tissell, J. R. ~1993!. “Structural panel shear walls.” Res. Rep. 154, American Plywood
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[16] Ni, C., Karacabeyli, E., and Ceccotti, A. 1999, “Design of shear walls with openings under
Lateral and vertical loads.”Proc. Pacific Timber Engineering Conf., Rotorua, New Zealand, 144-18.
[17] Mar, D., et al. ~2000!. ‘‘Performance-based seismic upgrade of a 14-story suspended slab
building using state-of-the-art analysis and construction techniques.’’ Proc., 69th Annual Structural
Engineers Assoc. of California Convention, SEAOC, Oakland, Calif., 1–12.
[18] D’Ambrisi, A., and Filippou, F. C. (1999). “Modeling of cyclic shear behavior in RC members.”
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[19] Shahzadjamilsardar and umesh.N.karadi―effects of change in shear wall location on storey drift
of 20 stored multi storey building subjected to lateral loads (IJIRSET-2013).
[20] Abiffazlshamsai, loghmanrahemi, kamalrahemi,saberperoti ― arangement of shear walls in
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[21] Anshuman.s,dipendubhunia, bhavinramjiyani― solution of shear wall location in multi-storey
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[22] Rajesh jayarambhaiprajapati&vinubhai.r.patel― effect of different position of shear wall on
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[23] Kevadkar and Kodag―Lateral Load Analysis of R.C.C. Building . International Journal of
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