CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Sample Paper

Class XI

Chemistry

Sample Question Paper 2018-19

Time allowed: 3Hours Max. Marks: 70

General Instructions:

1. All the questions are compulsory.

2. The questions paper consists of 27 questions divided into 4 sections A, B, C and D.

3. Section A comprises of 5 questions of 1 mark each. Section B comprises of 7 questions of 2

marks each. Section C comprises of 12 questions of 3 marks each. Section D comprises of 3
questions of 5 marks each.

4. There is no overall choice. However, there is an internal choice in one question of 2 marks
weightage, one question of 3 marks weightage and all the three questions of 5 marks weightage.

5. Use of calculators is not permitted.

Section A

Question 1:

What do you mean by significant figures?

Solution:

Total number of digits in a number including the last uncertain digit is called the number of
significant digits in a number. For example, in number,15.6, total number of significant figures are
3. Hence, significant figures are defined as total number of digits in a number including the last
digit that represents uncertainty of the result.

Question 2:

Why does benzene undergo electrophilic substitution reactions easily and nucleophilic
substitutions with difficulty?

Solution:

Presence of delocalized 6-electrons above and below the benzene ring, make it a rich source of
electrons. As a result, it attracts the electron deficient species, i.e., electrophilic reagents with much

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CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Sample Paper

ease as compared to the nucleophiles that are electron-rich sources. That's why benzene gives
electrophilic substitution reactions easily and nucleophilic substitution reactions with difficulty.

Question 3:

What is Boyle temperature?

Solution:

The temperature at which a real gas obeys ideal gas law over an appreciable range of pressure is
called Boyle temperature or Boyle point.

Question 4:

Which of the following species will have the largest and the smallest size?

Mg, Mg2+, Al, Al3+

Solution:

Atomic radii decrease across a period. Cations are smaller than their parent atoms. Among
isoelectronic species, the one with the larger positive nuclear charge will have a smaller radius.
Hence the largest species is Mg; the smallest one is Al3+.

Question 5:

For the reaction,

2 Cl(g) → Cl2(g), what are the signs of H and S ?

Solution:

For the given Reaction; H and S are both negative. The given reaction depicts the formation of
chlorine molecule from chlorine atoms. Since a bond is formed during the reaction, the energy is
being released. Thus, H is negative. Also, two moles of atoms are more random than one mole of
a molecule. As such spontaneity is decreased and S becomes negative for the given reaction.

Section B

Question 6:

[SiF6]2– is known whereas [SiCl6]2– not. Give possible reasons.

Solution:

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The main reasons are:

(i) Six large chloride ions cannot be accommodated around Si4+ due to limitation of its size.
(ii) Interaction between lone pair of chloride ion and Si4+ is not very strong.
Question 7:

What any two physical properties of alkali metals?

Solution:

(i) Alkali metals have low ionization energies because due to their large size the outermost electron
is far away from the nucleus and can be easily removed. The ionization energies of alkali metals
decrease on moving down the group.

(ii) Their densities are low because of the large atomic sizes. The density increases down the group
with the only exception that potassium has lower density than that of sodium.

Question 8:

The number of electrons, protons and neutrons in a species are equal to 18, 16 and 16 respectively.
Assign the proper symbol to the species.

Solution:

The atomic number is equal to number of protons = 16. The element is sulphur (S).

Atomic mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons

= 16 + 16 = 32

Species is not neutral as the number of protons is not equal to electrons. It is anion (negatively
charged) with charge equal to excess electrons = 18 – 16 = 2

Symbol is 32
16 S 2 .

Question 9:

What is Kc for the following equilibrium when the equilibrium concentration of each substance is:
[SO2]= 0.60M, [O2] = 0.82M and [SO3] = 1.90M?

2SO2  g  + O2  g   2SO3  g 

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Solution:

SO3 
2

Equilibrium constant, K c 
SO2  O2 
2

1.9 
2

 12.237 mol L1

 0.6   0.82 
2

Question 10:

Why does the following reaction occur?

XeO64  aq   2F   aq   6H  (aq)  XeO3 ( g )  F2  g   3H 2O  l 

What conclusion about the compound Na4 XeO6 (of which XeO64  is a part) can be drawn from the
reaction?

Solution:
8 1 6 0
XeO64  aq   2F   aq   6H  (aq)  XeO3 ( g )  F2  g   3H 2O  l 

In the above reaction, oxidation number of Xe in XeO64  decreases from +8 to +6 in XeO3 and
oxidation number of F increases from -1 (ins F  ) to zero in (in F2 ). Hence, XeO64  or Na4 XeO6 is
reduced and F  is oxidised. This reaction occurs because Na4 XeO6 or XeO64  is a stronger oxidising
agent than flourine.

Question 11:

Dissolving 120 g of urea (mol. wt. 60) in 1000 g of water gave a solution of density 1.15 g/mL.
Find the molarity of the solution?

Solution:

We have,

Weight
Number of Mole 
Molecular Weight

120
 Moles of Urea = =2
60

Weight of solution = Weight of solvent + weight of solute

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= 1000 g + 120 g = 1120 g

1120 g
 Volume   974 mL=0.974 L
1.15 g / mL
Moles of Solute
Now, Molarity 
Volume of Solution  in L 
2.000
 Molarity   2.05 M
0.974

OR

Question 11:

Find the the molarity of a solution obtained by mixing 750 mL of 0.5 M HCl with 250 mL of 2 M
HCl.

Solution:

Let M be the molarity obtained on mixing

We have formula,

M1V1  M 2V2
M
V1  V2

Given,

V1 = 750 mL

M1 = 0.5 M

V2 = 250 mL

M2 = 2 M

750  0.5  250  2 875

M   0.875M
750  250 1000

Question 12:

Can phosphorus with outer electronic configuration 3s23p3 form PH5?

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Solution:
Although phosphorus exhibits +3 and +5 oxidation states, it cannot form PH5. Besides some other
considerations, high ∆a H value of dihydrogen and ∆eg H value of hydrogen do not favour to exhibit
the highest oxidation state of P, and consequently the formation of PH5.

Section C

Question 13:

The reaction of cyanamide, NH2CN (s), with dioxygen was carried out in a bomb calorimeter, and
U was found to be –742.7 kJ mol–1at 298 K. Calculate enthalpy change for the reaction at 298 K.

3
NH2CN(g) + O2(g) → N2(g) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
2
Solution:

Enthalpy change for a reaction (H) is given by the expression,

H = U + ngRT ………………(i)

Where,

U = change in internal energy

ng = change in number of moles

For the given reaction,

ng = n g (products) - n g (reactants)

= (2 - 2.5) moles

ng = -0.5 moles

And, U = -742.7 kJ mol-1

T = 298 K

R = 8.314 x 10-3 kJ mo1-1 K-1

Substituting the values in (i), we have:

H = (-742.7 kJ mol-1) + (-0.5 mol) (298 K) (8.314 x 10-3 kJ mol-1 K-1)

= -742.7 - 1.2 = -743.9 kJ mol-1

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Therefore, the enthalpy change for the reaction is, H = -743.9 kJ mol-1.

Question 14:

(a) Discuss the basic difference between the terms electron gain enthalpy and electro-negativity?

(b) Would you expect the second electron gain enthalpy of O as positive, more negative or less
negative than the first? Justify your answer.

Solution:

(a) The measure of the tendency of an isolated gaseous atom to accept an electron is called
Electron gain enthalpy.
On the other hand, the measure of the tendency of an atom in a chemical compound to attract a
shared pair of electrons is called electro-negativity.

(b) Energy is released, when an O- ion is formed by adding an electron to O atom. Therefore, the
first electron gain enthalpy of O is negative.
O(g) + e-  O-(g)

On the other hand, when an O2- ion is formed by adding an electron to O- ion, energy is given out
so as to overcome the strong electronic repulsions. Hence, the second electron gain enthalpy of O
is positive.

O-(g) + e-  O2-(g)

Question 15:

(a) Chlorine is used to purify drinking water. Excess of chlorine is harmful. The excess of chlorine
is removed by treating with sulphur dioxide. Present a balanced equation for this redox change
taking place in water.

(b) Find the oxidation number of Sulphur (S) in KAl SO4 2  12 H 2O

Solution:

(a)

Multiply Cl  by 2 because in Cl2 there are two chlorine atoms.

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Cl2  aq   SO2  aq   H 2O  l   2Cl   aq   SO42  aq 

Balance first charge by adding 4H  to RHS and then multiply H2O by 2.

Cl2  aq   SO2  aq   H 2O  l   2Cl   aq   SO42  4H 

This represents the balanced redox reaction.

(b)

Let the oxidation number of S in KAl SO4 2  12 H 2O be x. Writing the oxidation number of each

atom above its symbol, we get K Al  SO4  ×12 H 2 O

+1 +3 x 2 +1 2

 2

 1 1  1 3  2 x  8  2   12  2 1   2    0
4  2 x  16  0
2 x  12
x  16

Question 16:

When electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 300 nm falls on the surface of sodium, electrons are
emitted with a kinetic energy of 1.68 ×105 J mol–1. What is the minimum energy needed to remove
an electron from sodium? What is the maximum wavelength that will cause a photoelectron to be
emitted?

Solution:

hc
The energy (E) of a 300 nm photon is given by hn 


6.626 1034  3.0 108


300 109

= 6.626 × 10-19 J

The energy of one mole of photons is given by

= 6.626 ×10–19 J × 6.022 ×1023 mol–1

= 3.99 × 105 J mol–1

The minimum energy needed to remove one mole of electrons from sodium

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= (3.99 –1.68) 105 J mol–1

= 2.31 × 105 J mol–1

2.31105
The minimum energy for one electron 
6.022 1023

= 3.84 × 10−19 J

hc
The wavelength is given by  
E

6.626 1034  3.0 108


3.84 1019

= 517 nm

Hence, 517 nm corresponds to green light.

Question 17: Give reason for the following:

(a) Sodium less reactive than potassium.

(b) KO2 is paramagnetic.

(c) Alkali metals are not found in nature.

Solution:

(a) The ionisation enthalpy of the alkali metals decreases down the group. Hence the ionisation
enthalpy of potassium is lower than that of sodium which makes it more electropositive and
stronger reducing agent as compared to sodium. Therefore, sodium is less reactive than potassium.

(b) The superoxide O2– is paramagnetic because of one unpaired electron in π*2p molecular
orbital.

(c) The alkali metals have only one electron in their valence shell, which they can lose easily to
complete their octet. Thus the low ionization energies and high electropositive character cause
these metals to be highly reactive hence, preventing them to exist in free state in nature. They are
found in the earth’s crust in the form of halide, sulphate, carbonate, silicate, borate, oxide ores, etc.

Question 18:

Write IUPAC names of the following compounds:

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(i) (CH3)3CCH2C(CH3)3

(ii) (CH3)2C(C2H5)2

(iii) tetra –tert-butylmethane

Solution:

(i) 2, 2, 4, 4-Tetramethylpentane

(ii) 3, 3-Dimethylpentane

(iii) 3,3-Di-tert-butyl -2, 2, 4, 4 –tetramethylpentane

Question 19:

(i) Write the state of hybridisation of carbon in the following compounds and shapes of each of the
molecules.

(a) H2C=O

(b) CH3F

(ii) How many σ and π bonds are present in each of the following molecules?

(a) HC  CCH=CHCH3

(b) CH2=C=CHCH3

Solution:

(i)

(a) sp2 hybridised carbon, trigonal planar;

(b) sp3 hybridised carbon, tetrahedral;

(ii)

 C C  4,  C  H  6
(a)
πC C  1, πC C  2

 C C  3,  C  H  6
(b)
π C C  2

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Question 20:

(a) Carbon monoxide gas is more dangerous than carbon dioxide gas, why?

(b) What do you mean by biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)?

Solution:

(a) Carbon monoxide gas is more dangerous than carbon dioxide gas because carbon monoxide
gas is a poisonous gas which reacts with the haemoglobin of blood to form carboxy-haemoglobin
complex, which reduces blood’s capacity to supply oxygen to various organs and tissues in the
body. This results into headache, nervousness, cardiovascular disorder, and if inhaled in large
amount, can even cause the death.

On the other hand CO2 is not toxic in nature and does not alter the supply of oxygen inside the
body. It only proves to be harmful at very high concentrations as it contributes to the global
warming.

(b) It is the amount of oxygen required by bacteria to carry out the decomposition of the organic
matter present in a certain volume of a sample of water. It gives us an idea of the amount of
organic matter present in water. Lesser the BOD in water, the cleaner it would be. Clean water
would have BOD value of less than 5 ppm, whereas highly polluted water would have a BOD
value of 17 ppm or more.

Question 21:

Bromine monochloride, BrCl decomposes into bromine and chlorine and reaches the equilibrium,
2BrCl  g   Br2  g  + Cl2  g 
for which Kc = 32 at 500 K. If initially pure BrCl is present at a concentration of 3.3 × 10–3 mol L–
1
, what is its molar concentration in the mixture at equilibrium?

Solution:

Let x mole of BrCl decompose to give Br2 and Cl2.

Given reaction is,

2BrCl  g   Br2  g  + Cl2  g 
Initial conc. 3.30×103 mol L1 0 0

Equilibrium conc.  3.30 103  x  mol L1

x x
mol L1 mol L1
2 2

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CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Sample Paper

Given, K c  32

 Kc 
 Br2 Cl2 
 BrCl
2

 x  x 
  
 32   2  2 
 3.30 103  x 
2

x2
 32 
4   3.30 10 3  x 
2

x
  32
2  3.30 103  x 
x
  5.656  2
3.30 103  x
 x  11.312  3.30 10 3  x 
 x  0.03732  11.312 x
 x  11.312 x  0.03732
0.03732
 x
12.312
 x  3.032 103 mol L1
Therefore at equilibrium,
 BrCl   3.30 103  3.032 103  mol L1
 2.68 104 mol L1

OR

Question 21:

Calculate (a) ∆G°and (b) the equilibrium constant for the formation of NO2 from NO and O2 at
298 K.
1
NO  g  + O2  g   NO2  g 
2
Where, Δ f G  NO2  = 52.0 kJ/mol; Δ f G o  NO  =87.0 kJ/mol;Δ f G o  O2  = 0 kJ/mol
o

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Solution:

 a  For the given reaction,

Δ f G o = ΣΔ f G oproducts  ΣΔ f G oreactants
 1 
Δ f G o = Δ f G o  NO 2    Δ f G o  NO  + Δ f G o  O 2  
 2 
 1 
Δ f G o  52.0   87.0   0  kJ mol 1
 2 
 f G o   35.0 kJ mol1

 b  We know that,
Δ f G o =  2.303RT logK c
35000 J mol1   2.303  8.314 J mol 1 K 1  298 K  log K c
35000
 log K c = = 6.134
5705.85
 K c = antilog 6.134
 K c 1.361106

Question 22:

(a) Discuss the consequences of high enthalpy of H–H bond in terms of chemical reactivity of
dihydrogen.

(b) Is demineralised or distilled water useful for drinking purposes? If not, how can it be made
useful?

(c) How does the atomic hydrogen or oxy-hydrogen torch function for cutting and welding
purposes? Explain.

Solution:

(a) The high enthalpy of H–H bond makes it an unreactive gas at room temperature. However at
high temperature or in the presence of catalyst it combines with metals and nonmetals to form the
respective metal hydrides.

(b) Water contains several dissolved nutrients which are essential for the survival of human beings,
plants, and animals. But, distilled water is not useful for drinking purposes as it is free of all
soluble minerals. It can be made useful by adding desired minerals in specific amounts.

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(c) Atomic hydrogen or oxy-hydrogen torch involves the formation of atomic hydrogen atoms that
are produced by dissociation of dihydrogen with the help of an electric arc. The atomic hydrogen
so produced immediately recombines to form molecular hydrogen with the liberation of
tremendous amount of heat which is used for cutting and welding purpose in the form of atomic
hydrogen or oxy-hydrogen torches.

Question 23:

(a) Write the structural formula of o-Ethylanisole.

(b) In Carius method of estimation of halogen, 0.15 g of an organic compound gave 0.12 g of
AgBr. Find out the percentage of bromine in the compound.

Solution:

(a) The structure formula of o-Ethylanisole is

(b)

Molar mass of AgBr = 108 + 80

= 188 g mol-1

188 g AgBr contains 80 g bromine

80  0.12
0.12 g AgBr contains = g bromine
188

80  0.12 100
Percentage of bromine = =34%
188

Question 24: Answer the following questions:

(a) Why does boron triflouride behave as a Lewis acid?

(b) What are silicates?

(c) How can you explain the higher stability of BCl3 as compared to TlC13?

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Solution:

(a) BF3 has six elections in the outermost orbit of boron atom hence it is electron deficient. Thus, it
reacts with a Lewis base and accepts a pair of electrons to complete the octet around boron. Hence
it behaves as a Lewis acid.

 | 
(b) Simple silicones consist of    Si    chains in which alkyl or phenyl groups occupy the
 | n
remaining bonding positions on each silicon. They are hydrophobic (water repellant) in nature.

(c) The decrease in the stability of +3 oxidation state is due to the increase in the inert pair effect
down the group from B to Tl. Due to this increasing inert pair effect, out of ns2np1 only np1 will
take part in bond formation in Tl. Therefore, +3 oxidation states in Tl will not be stable. Hence
BCl3is more stable as compared to TiCl3.

Section D

Question 25:

Describe the hybridization incase of PCl5. Why are the axial bonds longer as compared to
equatorial bonds?

Solution:

The ground state and excited state outer electronic configurations of phosphorus (Z = 15) are:

Ground state:

Phosphorus atom is sp3d hybridized in the excited state. These orbitals are filled by the electrons

donated by five chlorine atoms as:

PCl5

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The five sp3d hybrid orbitals are directed towards the five corners of the trigonal bipyramidals.

Hence, the geometry of PCl5 can be represented as:

There are five P–Cl bonds in PCl5. Three P–Cl bonds lie in one plane and make an angle of 120o
with each other. These bonds are called equatorial bonds. The remaining two P – Cl bonds lie
above and below the equatorial plane and make an angle of 90o with the plane. These bonds are
called axial bonds. As the axial bond pairs suffer more repulsion than the equatorial bond pairs,
axial bonds are slightly longer than the equatorial bonds.

OR

Question 25:

(i)

Explain the formation of H2 molecule on the basis of valence bond theory.

(ii)

Write the important conditions required for the linear combination of atomic orbitals to form
molecular orbitals.

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Solution:

(i)

The given conditions should be satisfied by the atomic orbitals to form molecular orbitals.

(a) The combining orbitals must have the same or nearly the same energy. this means that in a
homonuclear molecule, the 1s atomic nucleus of an atom can combine with 1s atomic orbital of
another atom and not with 2s-orbital.

(b) The combining atomic orbitals must have proper orientations to ensure that the overlap is
maximum.

(c) The extent of overlapping should be large.

(ii)

Let us assume that two hydrogen atoms (A and B) with nuclei (NA and NB) and electrons (eA and
eB) are taken to undergo a reaction to form hydrogen molecule. When A and B are at large
distance, there is no interaction between them. As they begin to approach each other the attractive
and repulsive force starts operating.

Attractive force arises between:

(a) Nucleus of one atom and its own electron i.e., NA – eA and NB – eB.

(b) Nucleus of one atom and electron of another atom i.e., NA – eB and NB – eA.

Repulsive force arises between:

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(a) Electrons of two atoms i.e., eA – eB.

(b) Nuclei of two atoms i.e., NA – NB.

The force of attraction brings the two atoms together while the force of repulsion tends to pull
them apart. The magnitude of the attractive forces is more than that of repulsive forces. Hence, the
two atoms approach each other. As a result the potential energy decreases. Finally, a state is
reached when the attractive forces balance the repulsive forces and the system acquires minimum
energy. This leads to the formation of a dihydrogen molecule.

Question 26:

Pressure of 1 g of an ideal gas A at 27 °C is found to be 2 bar. When 2 g of another ideal gas B is

introduced in the same flask at same temperature the pressure becomes 3 bar. Find a relationship
between their molecular masses.

Solution:

The ideal gas equation for ideal gas A, is given as,

pAV = nART ………........(i)

Where, pA and nA represent the pressure and number of moles of gas A respectively.

The ideal gas equation for ideal gas B, is given as,

pBV = nB RT ……………….............(ii)

Where, pB and nB represent the pressure and number of moles of gas B respectively.

[V and T are constants for gases A and B]

From equation (i), we have

mA
p AV  RT
MA
p A M A RT
  ....  iii 
mA V

From equation (ii), we have,

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mB
pBV  RT
MB
pB M B RT
  ....  iv 
mB V

Where, MA and MB are the molecular masses of gases A and B respectively.

Now, from the equations (iii) and (iv), we have

p A M A pB M B

mA mB

Given,

mA= 1g

pA = 2 bar

mB= 2g

pB= (3−2) =1 bar (Since total pressure = 3 bar)

Substituting these values in equation (v), we have,

4MA=MB

Therefore, a relationship between the molecular masses of A and B is given by

4MA =MB.

OR

Question 26:

Using the equation of state pV= nRT; show that at a given temperature density of a gas is
proportional to gas pressure p.

Solution:

Given, the equation of state:

pV = nRT ……………. (i)

Where,

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CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Sample Paper

p = Pressure of gas

V= Volume of gas

n= Number of moles of gas

R= Gas constant

T = Temperature of gas

From equation (i), we have,

n P

V RT

m
Replacing n with , we have
M

m p
 ………(ii)
MV RT

Where,

m = Mass of gas

M = Molar mass of gas

m
But  d (density of gas)
V

Thus from equation (ii), we have

d p

M RT
M 
d  p
 RT 

Molar mass (M) of a gas is always constant and therefore, at constant temperature (T),

M
= constant
RT

d = (constant) p

d  p

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Therefore, at a given temperature, the density (d) of gas is proportional to its pressure (p).

Question 27:

(a) What are the necessary conditions for any system to be aromatic?

(b) In the alkane H3C CH2-C(CH3)2 - CH2CH(CH3)2, identify 1°, 2°, 3° carbon atoms and give the
number of H-atoms bonded to each one of these.

(c) What effect does branching of an alkane chain has on its boiling point?

Solution:

(a)

The necessary conditions for any system to be aromatic are:

(i) The molecule should have a planar structure.

(ii) The molecule should have complete delocalisation of the π-electrons in the ring.

(iii) The total number of π -electrons present in the ring should should be equal to (4n + 2),

where, n = 0,1,2,3, etc. This is known as the Huckel’s rule.

(b)

Given alkane can be represented as:

1° carbon atoms are those which are bonded to only one other carbon atom. In the given alkane

there are five 1° c-atoms (C1, C6, C7, C8 and C9) and fifteen hydrogen atoms are bonded to them.

2° carbon atoms are those which are bonded to two other carbon atoms. In the given alkane there

are two 2° c-atoms (C2 and C4) and four hydrogen atoms are attached to these carbon atoms.

3° carbon atoms are those which are bonded to three other carbon atoms. In the given alkane

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there is only one 3° c-atoms which has one hydrogen atom attached to it.

(c)

The boiling point of the alkanes is governed by the inter-molecular Van der waals forces. Stronger
the force, the greater will be the boiling point of the alkane. Now, this van der Waals' force of
attractions is directly proportional to the surface area. Surface area decreases with the increase in
branching. As a result, the Van der Waals force also decreases which can be easily overcome at a
relatively lower temperature. Hence, the boiling point of an alkane chain decreases with an
increase in branching.

Or

Question 27:
How would you convert the following compounds into benzene?
(i) Ethyne
(ii) Ethene
(iii) Hexane

Solution:
(i) Conversion of ethyne to benzene:

(ii) Conversion of ethene to benzene:

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(iii) Conversion of hexane to benzene:

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