SMART SNIFFER: A GAS LEAKAGE TRACKER…

1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Technology constant inventions and discovering, smartphones and the likes made our lives
very efficient for the past years. The diversion of technology brought us anything and everything
with just a click. However, in developing countries like the Philippines, there are Filipino’s who still
opted for the traditional way. One is the cooking method. Some still use ignited charcoal and burners
in order for them to cook their meals. While some common households and food business rely on
Liquefied petroleum gas, a mix of mostly carbon monoxide and butane.

Being aware of danger that these products may bring accidents like gas explosions and gas
poisoning. This study focuses on how much LPG gas, butane, smoke, carbon monoxide, and alcohol
are present in the air and knowing how much of it is in the air. We can still prevent incidents from
happening and other serious health issues that may cause us our safety. One method of solving the
problem is that we scan the air to make sure that we avoid accidents and health issues from
happening.

It is eminent that some gas sellers don’t have gas trackers. With these recurring problems
the proponents decided to develop a device called the Smart Sniffer: A Gas Leakage Tracker Using
Arduino Mega. This aims to help those people having hard time tracking gas leak eventually become
a clever means to track gas leaks.

With the possibility that problems could arise anytime, the proponents decided to make the
Smart Sniffer: A Gas Leakage Tracker using Arduino Mega that would help LPG tank suppliers,
dealers, home owners, factories to track gas leak and also to students who can use it as a measuring
tool for their studies. The proposed system will be using Arduino Mega, the most simple and
programmable circuit board that the students can use in their projects, a MQ Sensors, an LCD
module that will display the result based on the MQ sensor has detected, a Tactile tact push button
for selecting sensor and for content reading.

The proponents used the elements that frequently availed used and encountered by many
people. For the LPG Gas, they can use the proposed system for tracking gas leak. For those
manufacturing torches or lighters, they can use the proposed system for tracking defective products.
For those, some companies or factories, that use smoke they can use our proposed system for

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tracking their broken pipelines. For who use carbon monoxide and alcohol they can use the proposed
system as a measuring tool in experiments and studies about gases.

The study aims to help every homeowner, gas sellers, companies and factories to track gas
leak to minimize and prevent health issues and accidents like explosion and fire. Furthermore users,
like students can utilize the device as a measuring tool.

1.2 Objectives of the Study

1.2.1 General Objective
The main objective of this study is to develop a Smart Sniffer: A Gas Leakage Tracker Using
Arduino Mega which is capable of tracking gas leaks in the air and to be used as a measuring tool.

1.2.2 Specific Objective

The proposed study aims to:
1. To create a system that has multi MQ Sensor and to track more than one gas element.
2. To construct a system that provides options for users to choose which sensor will be used.
3. To provide a display module for the users to see the content and result.
4. To test the performance limits of the system in terms of accuracy.
5. To evaluate the acceptability of the system in terms of:
5.1 Functionality
5.2. Reliability
5.3 Efficiency and effectiveness
5.4 Maintainability

1.3 Significance of the Study

The Smart Sniffer is a good solution to address the problem of gas leak, with the help of this
device it will track leaks from gas tanks and vessels. The proposed system aims to eliminate
problems faced by the people who neither manufacture nor use it accidents and other untoward
incidents from happening.

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To LPG tank dealers and suppliers. This will help a lot in order for them to improve their
businesses and make them aware which among the LPG tanks have leaks. Though this the dealers
and supplier’s cam immediately act upon it and be able to avoid accidents.

To the food businesses that use LPG tanks in cooking. This will definitely help them,
because they can prevent accidents that may result to damages on their establishments that will
likewise affect both their employees and customers.

To the students. They can use smart sniffer as a measuring on experiments, and other
activities relating to gas.

To the factories and companies. This will be a very good help the device can track down a
leaking pipe thus will prevent any serious disaster.

To the Proponents. The biggest challenge is for them to create a system, and develop the
skills necessary for the success of their career in the field of IT and moreover, this study will test
their knowledge in Arduino, hardware and programming.

1.4 Scope and Limitation

The study covers the Arduino technology, and focuses on proposed system which is
capable of tracking gas leak. The study involves only MQ sensors for LPG (MQ-5), Butane (MQ-
6), Carbon Monoxide (MQ-135), Smoke (MQ-7) and Alcohol (MQ-3). The system will be
developed using Arduino Mega wh9ich is the main brain of the device. The system provides an LCD
Module for the content result, displaying the amount of the element that the system tracked, it will
likewise display options for users. The system provides two tactile tact push button switches, the
first button is for selecting sensor with blue diode LED as the indicator while you selecting sensor,
second push button is for the system to start reading, and it has red diode LED to indicate that the
sensor is working. The system provides mini ship type switch, once the device is turned on, green
LED will light up. For the power source, they are divided into two, one for the Arduino DC input
which is for the wall socket and the other is for the built in Lithium-ion rechargeable battery. Thus,
providing the system dual power sources.

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The study will provide quick result to the user once the smart sniffer detected something.
The study uses MQ sensor (Metal Oxide) that has been installed in the system, and the user will wait
to 2-5 minutes to make the sensor heat up. However, the device must be warmed-up 2-5 minutes
prior to its use for it to able to give an accurate result. Once the user starts using the smart sniffer,
the sensor will generate the result for the user which can be viewed though the screen intendedly.
The study does not cover where the sensors can possibly react even without using, intendedly.

2.0 Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter will pose information facts and ideas from literatures like books, journals, and
electronic source, related to our study. It also gived brief discussion about the related local literature
and studies as well as related foreign literature and studies

2.1 Technical Background

The researchers proposed the Smart Sniffer: A Gas Leakage Tracker Using Arduino Mega.
This would help gas sellers, restaurants, factories, and home owners to eliminate the problem they
faced in tracking gas leak by of literally sniffing the scent of the gas. The researchers used Arduino
IDE in developing the system. The researcher used Arduino Mega which is the main brain of the
device while Metal Oxide sensor is the secondary component. The users will just need to turn on the
device and wait for a few seconds to boot. On the LCD Module provided by the system it will
indicate the option to select a sensor to begin. By pressing the button start, it will read the content
value of the MQ sensor that the device had detected, if the percentage is high an active buzz will
Automatically sound on.
2.2 Related Literatures
2.1.1 Local Literature
Fire Safety and Alert System Using Arduino Sensors with IoT Integration was developed
by Perilla et al. (2018), it is common knowledge that fire destroy lives and dreams. With the current
status of the Philippines on fire safety, they developed a system that will help combat fire. With the
help of Arduino technology, it helped them create a system that do not just fight fire, but alerts
everyone wherever there is a fire. Systems are demonstrated to be lifesaving gadget that can get you
out of a dangerous state that most likely result to tragedy.

Automatic fire extinguisher for Pronto's Hardware using light and smoke detector was
developed by Chahal, Dela Cruz and Fronda (2015), according to them one of the things that we
should consider is fire safety. With the efforts in developing a system that will make us safe with

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the advancement of technology. They unfold a device powered with a controller with a sensor for
light, dark, and smoke and other related functions. The system target will be depended on the
location of the fire. Using varying distances of the sensors, they made a range test for the sensors. If
the installation is correctly put together and when the range of the sensors were identified, the
design’s productivity will be achieved.

Microcontroller-Based Bio-Digester System Controlled Using LM35 Heat Sensor was

developed by Domingo, Postrero, and Soriano (2015). The production of biogas has been
challenging in the past years, because some people prefer using alternative gases. When technology
stepped in the process, baking biogas has been affected. But with the help of heat sensors which is
capable of monitoring the heat of biogas this will help preserve the biogas and will prevent heat
from oxidizing it.

A Fuzzy Logic Approach for The Determination of Cavendish Banana Shelf-Life was
developed by Tagohoy (2018), During harvest season, even unriped bananas demands in production
harvested among those that are ripe already. This is due to high demands in production as well as
the lack of knowledge on whether the bananas are ready or not. With the help of technology, a
system was developed to speed-up the process of ripening bananas. By using the MQ-3 sensor and
dhtt22 temperature, it will monitor the alcohol content and correct temperature necessary to achieve
good quality of ripe bananas.

In-Situ Measurement of Methane Flux from Residential Compost Using Automated Static
Chamber and Electro chemical Sensor was developed by Suasin (2018), majority of us do not
observe nor practice proper waste segregation in our country. Using automated static chamber and
electronic chemical sensor, with these advancements, segregation was takes to a more sophisticated
level. With the use of MQ-4 semiconductor that is attached to a stainless-steel lid with damper
mechanics it will sense odor cause by the compost and prevent the spillage of waste.

2.2.1 Foreign Literature

Metal Oxide Nanostructures as Gas Sensing Devices was developed by Eranna (2016),
today, devices that can detect harmful gases already exist. As years passed the advancement of
technology helped on the development of producing new and powerful sensors that are
programmable and can be a component of a much larger device that can detect gas. With the help of
the more sophisticated sensors that are present in the market today, they use them as a component
of their system and/or devices so that they can detect the exact presence of gas chemicals that is
present in the air.

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MEMS and Nanotechnology for Gas Sensors was developed by Roy and Sarkar (2015), the
demand on a low-powered gas sensor has been rapidly increasing compared to high-powered gas
sensors. With various methods of having a power source, they were able produce a low-powered gas
sensor. With the help of MEMS, they made a device that works without using an expensive high-
powered sensor and make it an alternative power source.

Mechanical Engineering and Control Systems were developed by Wei (2016), there is no
easy way of detecting gas that is in the air that we breath. With the rise of technology and
advancement, many methods and other ways have been used to create gas detecting device. By
installing SF6 gas sensors, it can detect the location of the gas leakage where it is strong and will
create an alarm that is can be heard.

Analysis and Analyzers was developed by Lipták and Venczel (2016), with the lack of gas
sensors of some establishments, this paved the way to develop a system that will help them in
tracking gases. Another advancement, that was produced was sensitive enough that it can detect gas
even in a little amount. And with the help of multiple sensors installed in the devices and the
surrounding establishments, this is a major help in their operations.

GSM Based LPG Leakage Detection and Controlling System was developed by Amsaveni,
et al. (2015), gas leakage is a really a big problem within the households and some small sectors in
the industry. One way to prevent accidents is to install gas leakage detection kit in dangerous places.
If the system detected some gas leaks, it will turn off the power supply. With the help of the GSM
module, it will alert all the building managers thus will prevent any accidents form happening.

2.3 Related Studies

The review of related studies includes the recent studies pertaining to the gas leak detector.
The proponents used these studies to provide some ideas on the improvement and development of
the proposed system.

2.3.1 Local Studies

According to D. Dasig, Jr., (2015), natural disasters in the previous years have increased the
social and economic cost due to population growth and other various reasons. As technologies
continue to evolve, the need for alarm systems has increased due to natural disasters occurring every
year. With the help of Arduino technology, which can also give warnings and alert people. Through
this, they will be aware and can prepare.

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According to C. D. Cortez et al. (2016), also stated that we can only avoid accidents by
making sure that everything is in place. We can’t avoid accident. From occurring, so technology
stepped to assist. With the help of GSM module, we can be warned if its about to happen and though
this technology we can save ourselves. With the help of an embedded LPG sensors, it can detect if
there is LPG gas.

According to K. V. Balmes et al. (2015), states that the continuous ignorance of humanity
has contributed to the way LPG tanks are handled that more often causes hazardous fires and
dangerous explosions that result to major property damage. Given these events that could occur
anytime, people had to be conscious of the technology that can provide such function.

According to A.S. Cainglet, A. A. Salvador and A. S. Somintac (2015), believed that as

much as alcohol can help to distinct, there is also danger in it, specifically when breathe it in. But
with available technology in the market, we can now make a device that can help us detect and
understand alcohol and its level, even better. Using gas sensors, we can be aware whether its
presence that can harm us or not.

According to L. I. M. Ballesteros, C. J. Vergara, and A. Somintac (2019), on the other hand

stated finding the best quality of food is a challenge for every household. One good example is fish.
As common practice, we based the freshness of the fish by its smells and color. However, with the
use of sensor that can detect gas content on a fish produce, we can now check the freshness of the
fish.

2.3.2 Foreign Studies

According to Y. Tian and A. Tanaka (2015), it requires a lot of effort to find a defective gas
tank checking is done manually and thus become tedious, but with the present inventions of an
analyzer, workers now have an effective way to check gas leaks. It is vital to check leaks because it
ensures gases are working perfectly and safely to avoid accidents.

According to R.T Kester and N.A Hagen (2015), finding the gas leak is something tiring but
as technology invades the human race the task gets easier with less effort. This system will allow
the person to find the leak and check the temperature of an exhaust gas.

According to J. Huseynov, S.B. Baliga, J.G. Romero (2017), when a gas leaks you cannot
just simply smell it to track it otherwise you might to inhale the dangerous elements that gas contains.
Like butane it will just kill you in an instant, thus the proponents made a device with efficient

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performance that provide a precise information, on leaks. Work will be easy and less apparatus will
used. Safety is important so no one will get injured.

According to D. Wetzig (2017), same process was made for checking devices and more
option it will take a while to finish checking10 or more LPG gas. But this device was specifically
made to locate the gas leaks and its exact location while other devices cannot. This device will use
an oxygen free that this will measure the leak rate and will immediately show the results. Higher
pressure means danger and lower pressure means the storage of the gases are safe.

According to M. M. A. Faisal and S. M. Rahman (2017), there are many man-made factors
that lead to accidents, and one of them is gas leak that can kill a lot of people with just one explosion.
Though developed countries are less concerned about gas leaked incident, it can still destroy not just
lives, it also destroys products that can greatly affect everyone, especially those businesses that sell
ad use gas. One of the most used gas today is LPG. It is usually used in cooking, heating, and others
It is also used as an alternative fuel because of the high prices of diesel and petroleum. Having a
system that can detect gas leakages can help avoid worst accidents.
2.4 Definition of Terms
• Arduino Mega
This is the main part or the main brain of the device because the conditions, codes will be
written here this is also where all the other components will be connected here, like LCD,
Led, Jumper Wires, Buzzer, Buttons etc.
• Active Buzzer Sensor Module for Arduino
It is an electrical device, similar to a bell that makes a buzzing noise and is used to alarm
when the smart sniffer has detected some gas element.
• Arduino Cable
This will be cable for the Arduino to connect it to the computer without this you cannot put
condition, codes and power supply on your device.
• LED
It is used to emit lights. In smart sniffer we used it as an indicator for selecting, while red
led will lighten up once the sensor is reading, for the green led will lighten up while selecting
sensor, and blue LED will lighten up once the device turn on.
• Jumper Wires
It is used to interconnect the components of Arduino (male/male) & (female to female)
• LCD 1602 with IIC/I2C Module
It a 16x2 LCD module used to display the element that the sensor has been detected, display

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the value e. It will also display some Text about the device once you turn on it.
• Mini ship Type Switch
It is used to turn on or turn off the device
• MQ Sensors
It is used to detect, LPG, CO (Carbon Monoxide), Alcohol, Smoke, and butane gas. This
sensor is high sensitivity and very fast to response time. The sensor will function properly
once it getting hotter because that is the condition of the MQ sensor, wait to 1-3 minutes
before using the MQ sensors
• Breadboard the second important parts of the device is this we use breadboard for testing.
• Tactile Tact Push Buttons will be use for the device, one is to select what kind of MQ sensor
you will use and the second push button scan for calibrating/ reading the element that you
want scan.
• Lithium-ion Battery
One of the important components of the device is to give power supply.
• Junction Box wherein all the components will be mounting here.
• RAD (Rapid Application Development Process) the methodology used to develop the
system.

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3.0 Design and Methodology

In this chapter presents all the research methods and information to support the study. The
definition of the proponents also involves the spare parts use in gathering all the necessary data to
be process the study. Includes are theories, concepts and good ideas to form a well-organized study.
3.1 Conceptual Framework

Figure 1: The Conceptual Framework of Smart Sniffer: A Gas Leakage Tracker using Arduino
Mega

In developing our capstone project, it requires, skill, and knowledge, on hardware, and
software. This was developed based on the problems encountered about gas leak. This
device will be very useful not just to one person but also to students who are currently also
studying about gas. This device will help provide and generate result quickly.

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3.2 Project Development Approach

Figure 2 shows how the system will be implemented. The proponents chose to use the Rapid
Application Development (RAD) to model the process of the system. It shows the materialization
of the prototype while it is being used and also changes the required necessities of the project
development. In this method, it allows the proponents to alter the flow of the project. The prototype
is used to aid the proposed system to the users that revisions to bid the variation to the system that
will allow the progress of the system and the system can revised or upgraded continuously as the
locale request.

Figure 2: Rapid Application Development Process

Analysis and quick design

Analysis and quick design have all the understanding of the proposed system that will put the
proposed system in RAD and state the observed problems. Since the proponent’s targets are gas
sellers, students, and home owners wanted to avoid accidents. the proponents designed the proposed
system Smart Sniffer: A Gas Leakage Tracker Using Arduino which is capable of tracking gas leak,
and may be used as a measuring tool that can generate quick result to address the difficulties
experienced by gas sellers in tracking gas leaks, which causes explosions and gas poisoning.

Develop, demonstrate, and refine

This is also called prototyping cycles. For the development part, the proponents built first a prototype
stage were all the components have been tested on a breadboard. Once all the components are
developed, it’s ready to be tested by the user and also in this stage, it can be manipulated at the same
time in recycling the flow of developing the project. For the demonstration part, the proponents will
demonstrate if the system is working using it in an actual situation where the proposed system will

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be used to track gas leaks. And for the refinement part, the system will be reconstructed entirely and
build another prototype or depending on what the proposed system requires to function effectively
on situations.

Testing
This is when the system will be tested in an actual situation wherein the proposed system will be
used to track leaking gas tanks. In this methodology, the system will be used and tested in different
situations to ensure its effectiveness and efficiency.

Deployment
For the last part, the system is sure to be error-free and will be reliable at any given situation relating
to gas leaks. Once all these are achieved, the proposed system will be ready for deployment and
possibly available in the market in the future.

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3.3 Requirement Analysis

3.3.1 Use Case Diagram

USER

Figure 3: Use Case Diagram of the Smart Sniffer: A Gas Leakage Tracker using Arduino Mega

Figure 3 shows the action or steps for the user. This diagram is used to identify, clarify and
organize system requirements. Basically, the user can switch on/off the device then he/she can select
sensor after that he/she can view the percentage that the device had tracked. If the percentage is low
the device will not alarm, but if the result is too high the devices will alarm.

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3.3.2 Activity Diagram

Figure 4: Activity Diagram of the Smart Sniffer: A Gas Leakage Tracker using Arduino Mega

Figure 4 shows the action of the system, also presented here is the flow of activities. The
diagram describes the step by step procedure on how to use the system. Moreover, this displays the
conditions that the user placed here.

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3.3.4 Data Flow Diagram

3.3.4.1 Context Diagram of the proposed system

Figure 5: Context Diagram of the Smart Sniffer: A Gas Leakage Tracker using Arduino Mega.

Figure 5 show the diagram 0 of the device. The boundaries of the system and the peripheral
entities where the user interacts with the device, it displays likewise, the components and their
function and the flow of the system.

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3.3.5 Schematic Diagram

Figure 6: Schematic Diagram of the Smart Sniffer: A Gas Leakage Tracker using Arduino Mega.

Figure 6 shows the wiring of the smart sniffer in a standardized and clear manner. The
wirings were intended to connect the components used. The diagram also presented the components
with their specifications and values.

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3.3.6 Circuit Layout

Figure 7: Circuit Diagram of the Smart Sniffer: A Gas Leakage Tracker using Arduino Mega.

Figure 7 shows a graphical representation of the smart sniffer components and displays
every connectivity to the port of components. This diagram also shows the actual image of
interconnecting circuit so that the user can easily understand the wires that were placed on the
tracker.

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3.3.7 Block Diagram

Figure 8: Block Diagram of the Smart Sniffer: A Gas Leakage Tracker using Arduino Mega.

Figure 8 shows the main arrangement of the components of the smart sniffer, basically it
displays the input and output process of the system which was made easy for the user, to understand
it. Metal oxide sensor will send a task to Arduino mega, which is the main brain of the system, while,
LCD, LED and buzzer are the output. The switches on the other hand will serve as sensor selector
to finally read the content.

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3.3.8 System Architecture

Figure 9: System Architecture of the Smart Sniffer: A Gas Leakage Tracker using Arduino Mega.

Figure 9 shows how smart sniffer function and how tracking gas will be done by the user. It
also displays the inner part of the smart sniffer and its component and it also describes the task of
the component further, it describes how the works and its flow.

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3.4 Testing
3.4.1 Black Box Testing

Figure 10: Black Box Testing

The black box testing is an assessment of the system from the outside, a black box testing
is refers to the system which behavioral/specification based/input-output testing. This testing is a
software testing method without looing the main code structure and information of the software. The
tester knows the condition and function of the software/application but the tester is unaware of the
technical intricacies. This technical feature is hidden from the testers. If there’s an undesirable output
follows an input, an error or a bug is recorded. The test cases are being developed according to the
software criteria like functionality, reliability, efficiency and effectiveness and maintainability. The
most important part of the black box testing process is the internal code of the system that the tester
is unaware of.

3.4.2 Alpha Testing

The alpha testing is being performed to show or identify all possible errors, bugs, and issues
to prevent a substandard product, before deploying or releasing the it to the public or users. Alpha
testing is done after all the product has been developed and before advancing to beta testing.

3.4.3 Beta Testing

The beta testing refers to the end user’s or the user acceptance testing, in this part of beta
the product will be tested in an actual setting. After all the testing had been made, results of the test
done by the users will be forwarded back to the developer, only the developer is allowed to make
the final changes and modifications of the product before deploy nor releasing it.

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3.5 Design Analysis

3.5.1 Evaluation Procedure
Evaluation procedure is used to validate whether the objectives of the proposals and
solutions meet with a comparison of their uniqueness, strength and their trade-offs

The respondents could answer 1 (Needs Improvement) to 5 (Excellent) to every question,

which will be used to evaluate and determine the system's acceptability. The ranges of the five-
point scale and their verbal evaluation is shown in Table 1

Table 1
Five Point Scale, Range and its Written Interpretation

RATING RANGE WRITTEN

INTERPRETATION
5 4.51 – 5.00 Excellent
4 3.51 – 4.50 Good
3 2.51 – 3.50 Fair
2 1.51 – 2.50 Poor
1 1.00 -1.50 Needs Improvement

The quality of the system was evaluated based on the hardware quality proposed by the
proponents. The Hardware quality metrics were operationally as defined shown in the Table 2.
Table 2
Evaluation Procedure

Criteria Definition
Functionality The modification of the system is to have are ability to be
operational that will imply the required standards of the system
to be used in a specified manner
Reliability The modification of the system supplies the performance of the
system's capability to work under the time
Efficiency and Effectiveness The qualification of the software is to give a sustainable
performance that is related to the number of prudential used,
under the stated condition.
Maintainability The ability of identifying and fixing errors in the partition of a
software.

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3.6 Data Gathering Procedures.

The Researchers conducted data gathering with some of our groupmates is our target locale.
The researchers conducted interview with the owners of the Gas store, and we found out that they
don’t have any device for finding gas leak. The researchers proposed the smart sniffer as the device
for finding gas leaks. Interviews with some students who are currently studying about the Table of
elements, were likewise conducted. Because this device will not just focus gas alone.Answer in the
survey will be used as the data. The questionnaire focusses more about gas leak and if they have
device to check leaks. Identities of the respondent were treated with confidentiality in respect for
their honest reviews and opinions. This will likewise avoid any biases.

The proponents conducted a survey on who are the major that can use a gas tracker.
Out of the 50 respondents, 43 of them answered that gas sellers are the major users of gas tracker,
while 5 of the respondents answered that factories are the major users of gas trackers, and 2 of the
respondents answered that home owners are the major person that can use a gas tracker.

The proponents asked the respondents their own way of tracking a gas leak. 46 out of the
50 respondents answered that they are only smelling it, while the remaining 4 respondents answered
that they are putting bubbles in order for them to track gas leaks.

The respondents were asked if what type of gas detector is present in their
company/store/home. The result is 46 of the respondents answered that they are not using any
device or system for tracking gas leaks, and the remaining 4 respondents answered that they have
some alarm installed in their company/store/home.

The time management in tracking gas leak was also asked by the proponents. The 42
respondents answered that it takes longer time to track gas leak, while 2 of the respondents said
that it doesn’t take time, and the 6 other respondents answered sometimes.

And the respondents were also asked the if the smart sniffer will help the gas sellers track gas leaks,
and all of the 50 respondents answered that the smart sniffer will be helpful in tracking gas leaks.

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SMART SNIFFER: A GAS LEAKAGE TRACKER… 23

3.7 Statistical Treatment of Data

Statistical Treatment of data is utilized in order to provide correct and accurate data. In the
treatment of data, the proponents used the statistics for the numerical data that were collected
Percentage – Refers to the quantity of the number’s percent, in relation to another measure. The
first number usually signifies a portion, or the alteration in, the second number, must be better than
zero.

The formula is:

Where P = Percentage
F = Frequency of respondents
N = Total number of respondents
Weighted Mean is the mean of the number score where each score measures has uncommon weight
or degree of value.
The formula is:

Where:
𝑿 = Mean
X = Sum of the measurements of values
W = Number of measurements

3.8 Research Ethics

While the study was being actualized, the proponents were challenged to find willing
respondents, keeping and protecting the identities of the respondents and some other risk that might
affect our study. In view here of, the proponents, assured the respondents that all the information
will be confidential and will not be published publicly, and that their privacy will be treated with
outmost respect.

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SMART SNIFFER: A GAS LEAKAGE TRACKER… 24

4.0 Result and Discussion

This chapter present interpretation and analysis of the gathered data from the surveys. Data
form survey are as follows:
4.1 Analysis of the Existing System
Answer Percentage

Gas Sellers 86%

Factories 10%
Home Owners 4%

Table 3: Major Person that can use a gas tracker

Figure12 show that 86% of respondents said that gas sellers should be the major user of the gas
tracker/detector while 10% of the respondents said that factories should use a gas tracker and 4% of
respondent were in favor of home owner keeping a gas tracker in their homes.

Answer Percentage

Smelling It 92%
Putting Small Bubbles 8%

Table 4: Own ways of tracking gas leak

Figure 14 shows that 92% of the respondent relied on the smelling or sniffing the gas tank and 8%
of the respondent, have knowledge soap of in checking gas leak.

Answer Percentage
No System/Device 92%
Smoke Alarm 8%

Table 5: Type of gas detector/system in your company/store/home.

Figure 15 shows that 92% of the respondent said that they don’t have any device for tracking gas
leak while 8% of the respondent said they only have a smoke alarm.

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SMART SNIFFER: A GAS LEAKAGE TRACKER… 25

Answer Percentage
It takes longer time 84%
It doesn’t take time 4%
Sometimes 12%

Table 6: Time management of tracking gas leak without using a device

Figure 19 shows that 84% of the respondent said that it takes time to track a gas leak without using
a gas tracker or detector while 12% of respondents says sometimes and 4% only said that is doesn’t
take time

Answer Percentage

Yes 100%
No 0
Table 7: The system will help gas sellers by using the smart sniffer for tracking gas leak.

The figure 24 shows that 100% of the respondent said that having a smart sniffer will help the gas
sellers.

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SMART SNIFFER: A GAS LEAKAGE TRACKER… 26

4.2 Project Technical Description

Table 3 and 4 show the different hardware and software requirements to be able to develop
and meet the need of the proposed system.
Table 8
Hardware Requirements
Hardware Recommended Requirements

Circuit Board Arduino Mega

Sensor MQ Sensor
Cable USB Type A – Type B
Wires Jumper Wires
Screen Display LCD 1602 with I2C Module
Switch Mini Ship Type Switch
Buttons Tactile Tact Push Button
Buzzer Active Buzzer Sensor Module
for Arduino
LED LED Diode (Blue, Red, Green)
Case Medium Size Junction Box
Board Breadboard
Battery Lithium-ion

Table 1 presents the minimum and recommended hardware requirements in order to run the
software needed for the creation of the Smart Sniffer: A Gas Leakage Tracker Using Arduino Mega.
Table 9
Software Requirements
Software Recommended Requirements
Operating System Windows 7 or Higher
Programming Language C++
Application Arduino IDE

Table 2 shows the software requirements needed in order to create the system itself.

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4.3 Project Structured Organization

Figure 11: Trigger the device

The figure shows the switch of the device which will be used to turn on and off
the smart sniffer.

Figure 12: Initialize LCD Display

The figure shows the LCD prior to its use.

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SMART SNIFFER: A GAS LEAKAGE TRACKER… 28

Figure 13: Select sensor and press Start.

The figure shows that the device is now ready.

Figure 14: Reading Content.

The figure shows that the sensor is now reading the content and after a few second it will
display the result.

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SMART SNIFFER: A GAS LEAKAGE TRACKER… 29

Figure 15: Result of the element that detected.

The figure show that the content have been read a few seconds ago.

Figure 16: Metal Oxide Sensor.

The figure shows a 5-metal oxide sensor which is for LPG Gas, Alcohol, Butane Gas,
Carbon monoxide and Smoke that installed to the device.

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SMART SNIFFER: A GAS LEAKAGE TRACKER… 30

4.4 Project Evaluation

4.4.1 Project Evaluation of the End Users. .

INDICATORS 5 4 3 2 1 MEAN
FUNTIONALITY
1.The system is functioning in its promised purpose. 8 18 4 0 0 4.13
2.The system gives convenience to the users every 9 15 6 0 0 4.10
time they use it.
3.The system is easy to use and to operate. 8 15 7 0 0 4.03
4.The system is comparable to the existing similar 6 17 7 0 0 3.97
system.
5.The system can produce result in a given period of 8 16 6 0 0 4.07
time.
4.06
RELIABILITY
1.The system can satisfy the needed outputs of the 7 15 8 0 0 3.97
user.
2.The system is reliable in terms of capacity and 9 15 6 0 0 4.10
performance.
3.The system is consistent on outputs. 8 19 3 0 0 4.17
4.The system can withstand its intended purpose. 10 18 2 0 0 4.27
5.The system is not having frequent errors. 14 12 4 0 0 4.33
4.17
EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS
1.The system meets the user’s objectives and 11 14 5 0 0 4.20
requirements.
2.The system is responding in a minimum of amount 10 14 6 0 0 4.13
of time.
3.The system can respond to the needs of the end 8 16 6 0 0 4.07
user.
4.The system can be used to its maximum design 9 14 7 0 0 4.07
capacity.
5.The system can contribute for the development of 11 16 3 0 0 4.27
the same model of technology.
4.15
MAINTAINAIBILITY
1.The system can be adapted to any changes in its 8 13 9 0 0 3.97
working condition.
2.The system can accurately operate with minimal 6 19 5 0 0 4.03
maintenance.
3.The system can possibly be developed in other 7 18 5 0 0 4.07
purpose.
4.Troubleshooting/repair can be easily done by the 3 16 11 0 0 3.73
user.
5.The system can be easily modified without heavy 10 12 8 0 0 4.07
maintenance
3.97
Table 10: The frequency distribution of the End User’s evaluation of the system.

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SMART SNIFFER: A GAS LEAKAGE TRACKER… 31

A. FUCNTIONALITY Mean Interpretation

1.The system is functioning in its promised purpose. 4.13 GOOD
2.The system gives convenience to the users every time they use it. 4.10 GOOD
3.The system is easy to use and to operate. 4.03 GOOD
4.The system is comparable to the existing similar system. 3.97 GOOD
5.The system can produce result in a given period of time. 4.07 GOOD
Overall Weighted Mean 4.06 GOOD
Table 11: The assessment of the End User’s on the functionality of the system.

This table shows that the functionality of the system is good in terms of the following
criteria: the system functionality according to its promised purpose (4.13), the system gives
convinience to the users every time they use it (4.10), the system is easy to use and operate (4.03),
the system is comparable to the existing similar system (3.97) and the system can produce result in
a given period of time (4.07). Overall the functionality of the system got 4.06 weighted mean.

B. RELIABILITY Mean Interpretation

1.The system can satisfy the needed outputs of the user. 3.97 GOOD
2.The system is reliable in terms of capacity and performance. 4.10 GOOD
3.The system is consistent on outputs. 4.17 GOOD
4.The system can withstand its intended purpose. 4.27 GOOD
5.The system is not having frequent errors. 4.33 GOOD
Overall Weighted Mean 4.17 GOOD
Table 12: The assessment of the End User’s on the reliability of the system.

This table shows that the reliability of the system is good in terms of the following
criteria: the system reliability according satisfies the needed outputs of the user (3.97), the system is
reliable in terms of capacity and performance (4.10), the system is consistent on outputs (4.17), the
system can withstand its intended purpose (4.27) and the system is not having frequent errors (4.33).
Overall the reliability of the system got 4.17 weighted mean.

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SMART SNIFFER: A GAS LEAKAGE TRACKER… 32

C. EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS Mean Interpretation

1.The system meets the user’s objectives and requirements. 4.20 GOOD
2.The system is responding in a minimum of amount of time. 4.13 GOOD
3.The system can respond to the needs of the end user. 4.07 GOOD
4.The system can be used to its maximum design capacity. 4.07 GOOD
5.The system can contribute for the development of the same 4.27 GOOD
model of technology.

Overall Weighted Mean 4.15 GOOD

Table 13: The assessment of the End User’s on the efficiency and effectiveness of the
system.

This table shows that the efficiency and effectiveness of the system is good in terms of the
following criteria: the system meets the user’s objectives and requirements (4.20), the system is
responding in a minimum of amount of time (4.13), the system can respond to the needs of the end
user (4.07), the system can be used to its maximum design capacity (4.07) and the system can
contribute for the development of the same model of technology (4.27). Overall the efficiency and
effectiveness of the system got 4.15 weighted mean.

D. MAINTAINABILITY Mean Interpretation

1.The system can be adapted to any changes in its working 3.97 GOOD
condition.
2.The system can accurately operate with minimal maintenance. 4.03 GOOD
3.The system can possibly be developed in other purpose. 4.07 GOOD
4.Troubleshooting/repair can be easily done by the user. 3.73 GOOD
5.The system can be easily modified without heavy maintenance 4.07 GOOD
Overall Weighted Mean 3.97 GOOD
Table 14: The assessment of the End User’s on the maintainability of the system.

This table shows that the efficiency and effectiveness of the system is Good in terms of the
following criteria: the system can be adapted to any changes in its working condition (3.97), the
system can accurately operate with minimal maintenance (4.03), the system can possibly be
developed in other purpose (4.07), troubleshooting/repair can easily be done by the user (3.73) and
the system can be easily modified without heavy maintenance (4.07). Overall the efficiency and
effectiveness of the system got 3.97 weighted mean.

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SMART SNIFFER: A GAS LEAKAGE TRACKER… 33

CRITERIA MEAN INTERPRETATIONS

Functionality 4.06 Good
Reliability 4.17 Good
Efficiency and Effectiveness 4.15 Good
Maintainability 3.97 Good
Average 4.09 Good
Table 15: The summary of End User’s system evaluation.

The table shows the summarized result of the system evaluation. All the criteria were place
together. The main average is (4.09) that indicates the End Users are satisfied on the functionality,
reliability, efficiency and effectiveness and maintainability of the device.

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SMART SNIFFER: A GAS LEAKAGE TRACKER… 34

4.4.2 Project Evaluation of IT & ECE experts.

INDICATORS 5 4 3 2 1 MEAN
FUNTIONALITY
1.The system is functioning in its promised purpose. 2 3 0 0 0 4.40
2.The system gives convenience to the users every 3 2 0 0 0 4.60
time they use it.
3.The system is easy to use and to operate. 4 1 0 0 0 4.80
4.The system is comparable to the existing similar 3 2 0 0 0 4.60
system.
5.The system can produce result in a given period of 2 3 0 0 0 4.40
time.
4.56
RELIABILITY
1.The system can satisfy the needed outputs of the 3 2 0 0 0 4.60
user.
2.The system is reliable in terms of capacity and 2 3 0 0 0 4.40
performance.
3.The system is consistent on outputs. 2 3 0 0 0 4.40
4.The system can withstand its intended purpose. 3 2 0 0 0 4.60
5.The system is not having frequent errors. 3 2 0 0 0 4.60
4.52
EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS
1.The system meets the user’s objectives and 3 2 0 0 0 4.60
requirements.
2.The system is responding in a minimum of amount 4 1 0 0 0 4.80
of time.
3.The system can respond to the needs of the end 1 4 0 0 0 4.20
user.
4.The system can be used to its maximum design 3 2 0 0 0 4.60
capacity.
5.The system can contribute for the development of 2 3 0 0 0 4.40
the same model of technology.
4.52
MAINTAINAIBILITY
1.The system can be adapted to any changes in its 8 13 0 0 0 4.60
working condition.
2.The system can accurately operate with minimal 6 19 0 0 0 4.80
maintenance.
3.The system can possibly be developed in other 7 18 0 0 0 4.60
purpose.
4.Troubleshooting/repair can be easily done by the 3 16 0 0 0 4.80
user.
5.The system can be easily modified without heavy 10 12 0 0 0 4.40
maintenance
4.64
Table 16: The frequency distribution of the IT & ECE Expert’s evaluation of the system.

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SMART SNIFFER: A GAS LEAKAGE TRACKER… 35

A. FUCNTIONALITY Mean Interpretation

1.The system is functioning in its promised purpose. 4.40 Excellent
2.The system gives convenience to the users every time they use it. 4.60 Excellent
3.The system is easy to use and to operate. 4.80 Excellent
4.The system is comparable to the existing similar system. 4.60 Excellent
5.The system can produce result in a given period of time. 4.40 Excellent
Overall Weighted Mean 4.56 Excellent
Table 17: The assessment of the IT & ECE Expert’s on the functionality of the system.

This table shows that the functionality of the system is excellent in terms of the following
criteria; the system functionality according to its promised purpose (4.40), the system provides
convinience to the users every time they use it (4.60), the system is easy to use and operate (4.80),
the system is comparable to the existing similar system (4.60) and the system can produce result in
a given period of time (4.40). Overall the functionality of the system got 4.56 weighted mean.

B. RELIABILITY Mean Interpretation

1.The system can satisfy the needed outputs of the user. 4.60 Excellent
2.The system is reliable in terms of capacity and performance. 4.40 Excellent
3.The system is consistent on outputs. 4.40 Excellent
4.The system can withstand its intended purpose. 4.60 Excellent
5.The system is not having frequent errors. 4.60 Excellent
Overall Weighted Mean 4.52 Excellent
Table 18: The assessment of the IT & ECE Expert’s on the reliability of the system.

This table shows that the reliability of the system is excellent in terms of the
following criteria: the system reliability satisfies the needed outputs of the user (4.60), the system is
reliable in terms of capacity and performance (4.40), the system is consistent on outputs (4.40), the
system can withstand its intended purpose (4.60) and the system is not having frequent errors (4.60).
Overall the reliability of the system got 4.52 weighted mean.

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SMART SNIFFER: A GAS LEAKAGE TRACKER… 36

C. EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS Mean Interpretation

1.The system meets the user’s objectives and requirements. 4.60 Excellent
2.The system is responding in a minimum of amount of time. 4.80 Excellent
3.The system can respond to the needs of the end user. 4.20 Excellent
4.The system can be used to its maximum design capacity. 4.60 Excellent
5.The system can contribute for the development of the same 4.40 Excellent
model of technology.

Overall Weighted Mean 4.52 Excellent

Table 19: The assessment of the IT & ECE Expert’s on the efficiency and effectiveness of
the system.

This table shows that the efficiency and effectiveness of the system is excellent in terms of
the following criteria: the system meets the user’s objectives and requirements (4.60), the system is
responding in a minimum of amount of time (4.80), the system can respond to the needs of the end
user (4.20), the system can be used to its maximum design capacity (4.60) and the system can
contribute to the development of the same model of technology (4.40. Overall the efficiency and
effectiveness of the system got 4.52 weighted mean.

D. MAINTAINABILITY Mean Interpretation

1.The system can be adapted to any changes in its working 4.60 Excellent
condition.
2.The system can accurately operate with minimal maintenance. 4.80 Excellent
3.The system can possibly be developed in other purpose. 4.60 Excellent
4.Troubleshooting/repair can be easily done by the user. 4.80 Excellent
5.The system can be easily modified without heavy maintenance 4.40 Excellent
Overall Weighted Mean 4.64 Excellent
Table 20: The assessment of the IT & ECE Expert’s on the maintainability of the system.

This table shows that the efficiency and effectiveness of the system is excellent in terms of
the following criteria: the system can adapt to any changes in its working condition (4.60), the
system can accurately operate with minimal maintenance (4.80), the system can possibly be
developed for other purpose (4.60), troubleshooting/repair can be done easily by the user (4.80) and
the system can be easily modified without heavy maintenance (4.40). Overall the efficiency and
effectiveness of the system got 4.64 weighted mean.

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SMART SNIFFER: A GAS LEAKAGE TRACKER… 37

CRITERIA MEAN INTERPRETATIONS

Functionality 4.56 Excellent
Reliability 4.52 Excellent
Efficiency and Effectiveness 4.52 Excellent
Maintainability 4.64 Excellent
Average 4.56 Excellent
Table 21: The summary of IT & ECE Expert’s system evaluation.

The table shows the summarized result of the system evaluation. All the criteria were placed
together: the main average is (4.56) and it indicates the IT & ECE experts are satisfied with the on
functionality, reliability, efficiency and effectiveness and maintainability of the device.

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SMART SNIFFER: A GAS LEAKAGE TRACKER… 38

5.0 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

5.1 Summary
The proponents proposed project system Smart Sniffer: A Gas Leakage Tracker Using
Arduino Mega. The user can operate the system by switching on the device. The switch can be
located at the upper right side of the box. After switching on the deice, you can press the “Select”
button that is located at the bottom right side of the LCD screen. You can choose among the five
sensors which are: LPG Gas, Alcohol, Butane Gas, Carbon Monoxide and Smoke. Once you have
selected the desired sensor you want to use, you can press the” Start” button which is located below
the “Select” button. Before pressing the “Select” button, position the device to the place where you
want to scan. Scanning will take few seconds. The LCD Display will display the percentage of gas
present, a valueBarGraph will likewise display the result. If the present percentage of the gas is
high, the buzzer module will initiate a sound however, if the percentage is low, no sound will be
initiated. The device is rechargeable by using a micro USB Cable. The charging port is located on
the lower left side of the device charging.

5.2 Conclusions

We, the proponents, therefore conclude that the Smart Sniffer: A Gas Leakage Tracker
Using Arduino Mega is better way of tracking gas leaks, that the traditional way of sniffing and
putting soap bubbles. The device is efficient and accurate for tracking gas leak. Based on the result
of the researcher’s survey and system evaluation there is a noteworthy significance when the new
developed device was tested to track gas leak. Compared with the traditional way.

5.3 Recommendations
The proponents would like to recommend the proposed system entitle Smart Sniffer: A Gas
Leakage Tracker Using Arduino Mega to every gas seller. It is accurate, reliable and time efficient
in tracking gas leaks. Further, the proponents recommend the use of a 3D printed case. The case
will keep safe the device and will make it handier. Moreover, we recommend to use a large buzzer
module so that the alarm will be loud enough to be heard. Finally, the proponents would like to
recommend a medium size push button for the both power and sensor selection. A medium size
button will provide easier access to power on and off the device and for the selection of the preferred
sensor.

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SMART SNIFFER: A GAS LEAKAGE TRACKER… 39

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Tian, Y., & Tanaka, A. (2015). Optical Fiber-Based Remote Gas Leakage Monitoring. Retrieved
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Wei, J. (2016). Mechanical Engineering and Control System. Retrieved from https://www.dymocks
.com.au/book/mechanical-engineering-and-control-system-mecs2016-by-jinja-wei-97898
13208414/#.XBE!tWgzbIU.

Wetzig, D. (2015). Leak Detection with oxygen Retrieved from https://patents.google.com/patent/

DE102015222554A1/en?oq=gas+leak.

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Appendix A: Technical Adviser Agreement Form

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Appendix B: Letter to Permission to Conduct the Study

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Appendix C: Survey Questionnaire

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Appendix D: Evaluation Form

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Appendix E: User Acceptance Form

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Appendix F: Gantt Chart

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Appendix G: System Flow Chart

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Appendix H: User Manual

Trigger the device

1.To turn on or off the device just press this 1

Push button
2
2. To choose sensor just press the select button
3. To start reading content just press the start button 3

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Alternative Power Source 4

4. Use type a cable if you want to connect in the pc 5

5. If the battery is dead used a wall adapter for the DC Input 6
6. To recharge the battery, use a micro USB Cable

LED Indicator
7
7. Green LED will on if the device is on
8. Blue indicator for selecting sensor is on 8

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Reading Content
9. Red LED will on while reading content and green LED will turn off. 9
10. Sensor functioning now.
11. The content result will be shown in the LCD Module. 10

11

12

13

14

15

16

Metal Oxide Sensor

12. First sensor for LPG Gas.
13. Second sensor for Alcohol.
14.Third sensor for Butane Gas.
15.Fourth sensor for Carbon Monoxide.
16.Fifth sensor for Smoke

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Appendix J: Certificate of Testing by the Locale and IT & ECE Experts

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Appendix J: Ethical Review Clearance

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Appendix K: Statistician’s Certificate

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Appendix L: Grammarian Certificate

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Appendix M: Certificate of Originality Testing

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Appendix N: Curriculum Vitae

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