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HL 6.1-6.5 Derivatives

This document provides examples and practice problems for calculating derivatives from first principles using definitions. It includes: 1) Practice questions finding the derivatives of basic functions like f(x)=x and f(x)=x-2. 2) A table with function values and derivatives at different points, and questions deriving derivatives of more complex functions involving operations like multiplication, division, exponentials and logarithms using the table. 3) Short past paper questions testing the derivative of composite functions, and higher order derivatives, as well as solving inequalities involving derivatives.

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Nihaarika Gopinath

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

164 views20 pages

HL 6.1-6.5 Derivatives

Uploaded by

Nihaarika Gopinath

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE

MATH HL

EXERCISES 6.1-6.5
DERIVATIVES

Compiled by Christos Nikolaidis

CALCULATION OF DERIVATIVES

A. Practice Questions

1. Find the derivatives of the following functions from first principles

f ( x) = x , f ( x) = x −2

.....................................................................................................................................

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 1

HL 6.1-6.5 DERIVATIVES

2. The following table shows the values of two functions f and g and their derivatives when
x = 1 and x = 0.

Find the derivatives of the following functions when x = 1.

3 f ( x) + 5 g ( x )

f ( x) g ( x)

f ( x)
g ( x)

f (x) 3

ln f ( x)

f (ln x)

e f ( x)

f (e x −1 )

f ( x − 1)

f ( 2 x − 2)

f (− g (x) )

g ( f ( x) + 2)

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 2

2
HL 6.1-6.5 DERIVATIVES

B. Past Paper questions (SHORT)

3. For the function f : x a x2 1n x , x > 0, find the function f ′, the derivative of f with respect to x.

.....................................................................................................................................
(Total 3 marks)
2
d y
4. If y = ln(2x – 1), find .
dx 2

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(Total 6 marks)
1
5. If f (x) = ln(2x – 1), x > , find f ′ and the value of x where the gradient of f (x) is equal to x.
2

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(Total 3 marks)
dy 2
6. Let y = sin(kx) – kx cos(kx), where k is a constant. Show that = k x sin(kx).
dx

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(Total 3 marks)
7. Consider the function f ( x) = ln x + 4 . Find 2
(a) f ′(x) (b) f ′′(x)

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(Total 6 marks)
(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 3
3
HL 6.1-6.5 DERIVATIVES

Let f (x) = x + 5 x + 5 , x ≠ –2.

2
8.
x+2
(a) Find f ′(x).

.....................................................................................................................................

(b) Solve f ′(x) > 2.

Method A: by GDC (sketch the graph)

Method B: without GDC

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(Total 6 marks)

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 4

4
HL 6.1-6.5 DERIVATIVES

9. For the function f : x a 1 sin 2x + cos x, find the possible values of sin x for which f ′ (x) = 0.
2

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(Total 3 marks)
Extra question : Solve the equation f ′ (x) = 0 for – π ≤ x ≤ 2π

.....................................................................................................................................

10. Consider the function y = tan x – 8 sin x.

dy dy
(a) Find . (b) Find the value of cos x for which = 0.
dx dx

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(Total 3 marks)
dy
Extra question : Solve the equation = 0. for – π ≤ x ≤ 2π
dx

.....................................................................................................................................

11. Consider the function f(t) = 3 sec2t + 5t. Find (a) f ′ (t). (b) (i) f (π); (ii) f ′ (π);

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(Total 6 marks)
(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 5
5
HL 6.1-6.5 DERIVATIVES

12. The function f is defined by f : x a 3x. Find the solution of the equation f ″(x) = 2.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(Total 6 marks)

dy dy
13. Let y = e3x sin(πx). Find (a) . (b) the smallest positive value of x for which = 0.
dx dx

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(Total 6 marks)
14. Let f ( x) = cos ( 4 x + 1) , 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 . Find
3

(a) f ′(x) (b) the exact values of the three roots of f ′( x) = 0 .

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(Total 6 marks)

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 6

6
HL 6.1-6.5 DERIVATIVES

15. An experiment is carried out in which the number n of bacteria in a liquid, is given by the
formula n = 650 ekt, where t is the time in minutes after the beginning of the experiment and k is
a constant. The number of bacteria doubles every 20 minutes. Find
(a) the exact value of k;
(b) the rate at which the number of bacteria is increasing when t = 90.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(Total 6 marks)

16. Differentiate y = arccos (1 – 2x2) with respect to x, and simplify your answer.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(Total 4 marks)

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 7

7
HL 6.1-6.5 DERIVATIVES

d2y 2 − x2
17. Let y = x arcsin x , x ∈ ] − 1,1 [ . Show that = .
dx 2 3

(1 − x )
2 2

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(Total 6 marks)

18. Let f be a cubic polynomial function. Given that f (0) = 2 , f ′(0) = −3 , f (1) = f ′(1)
and f ′′(−1) = 6 , find f (x) .

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(Total 6 marks)

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 8

8
HL 6.1-6.5 DERIVATIVES

19. The following table shows the values of two functions f and g and their derivatives when
x = 1 and x = 0.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(Total 6 marks)

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 9

9
HL 6.1-6.5 DERIVATIVES

TANGENT - NORMAL

A. Practice Questions

20. Find the tangent line and the normal line to curve y = ( x − 1) 4 (a) at x = 0 (b) at x = 1

.....................................................................................................................................

21. The line y = mx − 48 is tangent to the curve y = x 4 . Find the possible values of m.

.....................................................................................................................................

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 10

10
HL 6.1-6.5 DERIVATIVES

B. Past Paper questions (SHORT)

22. Consider the tangent to the curve y = x3 + 4x2 + x – 6.

(a) Find the equation of this tangent at the point where x = –1.
(b) Find the coordinates of the point where this tangent meets the curve again.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(Total 6 marks)

23.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(Total 6 marks)
(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 11
11
HL 6.1-6.5 DERIVATIVES

24. The line y = 16x – 9 is a tangent to the curve y = 2x3 + ax2 + bx – 9 at the point (1,7). Find the
values of a and b.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(Total 3 marks)

25. The normal to the curve y = k + ln x2, for x ≠ 0, k ∈ , at the point where x = 2, has equation
x
3x + 2y = b, where b ∈ . Find the exact value of k.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(Total 6 marks)
25. A normal to the graph of y = arctan(x–1), for x > 0, has equation y = – 2x + c, where c ∈ .
Find the value of c.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(Total 6 marks)

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 12

12
HL 6.1-6.5 DERIVATIVES

27. Let f ( x) = 3 x 2 − x + 4 . Find the values of m for which the line y = mx + 1 is a tangent to
the graph of f .
METHOD A: Using quadratics (the two curves must have ONLY ONE intersection point).

.....................................................................................................................................

METHOD B: Using derivatives

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(Total 3 marks)

28. For what values of m is the line y = mx + 5 a tangent to the parabola y = 4 – x2 ?

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(Total 3 marks)
(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 13
13
HL 6.1-6.5 DERIVATIVES

INDUCTION
A. Practice Questions

29. Let f ( x) = ln x
(a) Find the first four derivatives of f ( x) = ln x , and thus guess a formula for f ′(x) .
(b) Prove by mathematical induction that your guess is true.

.....................................................................................................................................

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 14

14
HL 6.1-6.5 DERIVATIVES

30. Let f ( x) = e 3 x
(a) Find the first four derivatives of f (x) , and thus guess a formula for f ′(x)
(b) Prove by mathematical induction that your guess is true.

.....................................................................................................................................

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 15

15
HL 6.1-6.5 DERIVATIVES

′
31. (a) Show that for three functions it holds ( fgh ) = f ′ g h + f g ′ h + f g h ′

(b) Generalize the product rule for n functions f 1 , f 2 , f 3 ,..., f n .

Prove this formula by using mathematical induction.

.....................................................................................................................................

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 16

16
HL 6.1-6.5 DERIVATIVES

B. Past Paper questions (SHORT)

32. Prove by mathematical induction that d (xn) = nxn–1, for all positive integer values of n.
dx

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(Total 10 marks)

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 17

17
HL 6.1-6.5 DERIVATIVES

dn  nπ 
33. Using mathematical induction, prove that n
(cos x ) = cos x + , for all positive integer
dx  2 
values of n.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(Total 7 marks)

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 18

18
HL 6.1-6.5 DERIVATIVES

34. The function f is defined by f ( x) = xe 2 x .

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(Total 9 marks)

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 19

19
HL 6.1-6.5 DERIVATIVES

C. Past Paper Questions (LONG)

(Please answer on separate answer sheets)

35. [theoretical]

(Total 10 marks)
36.

(Total 15 marks)

37. (a) Sketch and label the curves y = x2 for –2 ≤ x ≤ 2, and y = – 1 ln x for 0 < x ≤ 2. (2)
2
(b) Find the x-coordinate of P, the point of intersection of the two curves. (2)
(c) If the tangents to the curves at P meet the y-axis at Q and R, calculate the area of the
triangle PQR. (6)
(d) Prove that the two tangents at the points where x = a, a > 0, on each curve are always
perpendicular. (4)
(Total 14 marks)

38. Given that y = xe − x ,

dy
(a) find
dx
dny
(b) use mathematical induction to prove that, for n ∈ +
, n
= (−1) n +1 e − x (n − x)
dx
(Total 12 marks)
px
39. The function f is defined by f (x) = e (x + 1), here p ∈ .

(i) Show that f ′(x) = epx(p(x + 1) + 1).

(ii) Let f (n)(x) denote the result of differentiating f (x) with respect to x, n times.
Use mathematical induction to prove that
f (n)(x) = pn–1epx (p(x + 1) + n), n ∈ +
.
(Total 7 marks)

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 20

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HL 6.1-6.5 Derivatives

Uploaded by

HL 6.1-6.5 Derivatives

Uploaded by

INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE

Compiled by Christos Nikolaidis

1. Find the derivatives of the following functions from first principles

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 1

Find the derivatives of the following functions when x = 1.

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 2

B. Past Paper questions (SHORT)

Let f (x) = x + 5 x + 5 , x ≠ –2.

(b) Solve f ′(x) > 2.

Method B: without GDC

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 4

10. Consider the function y = tan x – 8 sin x.

(a) f ′(x) (b) the exact values of the three roots of f ′( x) = 0 .

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 6

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 7

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 8

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 9

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 10

B. Past Paper questions (SHORT)

22. Consider the tangent to the curve y = x3 + 4x2 + x – 6.

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 12

METHOD B: Using derivatives

28. For what values of m is the line y = mx + 5 a tangent to the parabola y = 4 – x2 ?

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 14

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 15

(b) Generalize the product rule for n functions f 1 , f 2 , f 3 ,..., f n .

Prove this formula by using mathematical induction.

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 16

B. Past Paper questions (SHORT)

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 17

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 18

34. The function f is defined by f ( x) = xe 2 x .

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 19

C. Past Paper Questions (LONG)

38. Given that y = xe − x ,

(i) Show that f ′(x) = epx(p(x + 1) + 1).

(HL 6.1-6.5) – Page 20

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