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Kinematics Lesson 1

This document discusses one dimensional motion with constant speed and introduces the concepts of kinematics including distance, displacement, speed and velocity. It defines these terms and distinguishes between distance and displacement. Speed is the distance travelled per unit time and is a scalar quantity while velocity has both magnitude and direction and is therefore a vector quantity. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating distance and displacement from given scenarios. Position-time graphs are also introduced as a way to determine displacement over time intervals. The document concludes by assigning homework problems for students to practice these concepts.

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61 views

Kinematics Lesson 1

This document discusses one dimensional motion with constant speed and introduces the concepts of kinematics including distance, displacement, speed and velocity. It defines these terms and distinguishes between distance and displacement. Speed is the distance travelled per unit time and is a scalar quantity while velocity has both magnitude and direction and is therefore a vector quantity. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating distance and displacement from given scenarios. Position-time graphs are also introduced as a way to determine displacement over time intervals. The document concludes by assigning homework problems for students to practice these concepts.

Uploaded by

Clare
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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KINEMATICS

One dimensional motion with constant speed


Distance, Displacement, Speed &Velocity
INTRODUCTION
• What is kinematics?
• The study of motion of objects
• concerned with macroscopic bodies, i.e. bodies that
we can easily see.

we treat all physical subjects as point particles,


SPEED
the speed of a body tells us how fast or slow the body is moving and it is described as the distance travelled
by the body per unit time.

𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒅
𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 =
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆
Example 1

A car is moving from a street at 55 km/h. A child suddenly runs into the street. If it takes the driver 0.75 s
to react and apply the brakes, how far will the car have moved before it begins to slow down?

Distance = Speed x Time


= 55km/h x 0.75 s

Notice the incompatible unit for the time in the 2 terms. Let’s convert km/h to m/s.

55 km/h = 55 x 1000m / 3600s


= 15 m/s

Distance = Speed x Time


= 15 m/s x 0.75s
= 11 m (2 s.f)

The car would have moved 11 m before it begins to slow down.


DISTANCE VS DISPLACEMENT
What is the distance moved by the man?

5m
3m

4m
DISTANCE
• is the total length covered by a moving object irrespective of the direction of the
motion

5m
3m

4m

What does the 5 m represent?


DISPLACEMENT
• the distance measured in a straight line (or linear distance) and in a
specified direction

5m
3m

4m
TEST!
DISPLACEMENT
• Since we are only going to be focusing on one dimension motion,

• Whenever an object moves along a straight line, it is possible to imagine a


meterstick lying along the path of the object. The meterstick represents a
coordinate system.
• x = +2 cm ( for the square)
• x = -4 cm. ( for the circle)

• Displacement, ∆x is defined as the change in position and it can be


represented by an arrow which has magnitude and direction. It is defined
mathematically as:
∆x = xf - xi
SCALAR VS VECTOR QUANTITIES
• A scalar quantity is a physical quantity which has a magnitude but no
direction.
• Eg. Distance,
• A vector quantity is a physical quantity which has both magnitude and
direction.
• Displacement,
Example 2
A student runs from the tree, 4 m from the origin, to the lamp-post, runs back and stops 5 m to the left of the
origin.
(a) What is the distance travelled
(b) What is his displacement?

(a) Distance travelled = 21 m + 30 m


= 51 m

(b) Displacement, Δx= xf – xi


= -5 m – (4m)
=-9m
(9 m to the left of the tree)
Position-Time Graphs
contains information about an object’s position at various times and can be helpful in determining the
displacement of an object during time intervals
Example 3
David and Simon are driving from the workplace to a resort which is 50.0 km away. David travels at 90.0 km/h and
Simon travels at 95.0 km/h.
(a) How long will Simon have to wait for David at the resort?
(b) Sketch the position-time graph of David and Simon on the axes given. Indicate clearly all the critical values.

Both persons travel the same distance of 50.0km.

David took time = distance / speed


= (50.0/90.0)h x 3600s
= 2000s

Simon took time = distance / speed


= (50.0/ 95.0)h x 3600s
= 1890s
(3 SF. Note that 3600 is a conversion constant)

Simon has to wait for 110s.


0
Distance Vs Displacement

Scalar Vector
Quantity Quantity

magnitude No direction magnitude With direction


Speed Vs Velocity

Scalar Vector
Quantity Quantity

magnitude No direction magnitude With direction


VELOCITY
• It is a speed in a specified direction.
• the magnitude and direction that the object is
moving

displaceme nt
Velocity 
time taken

same speed, 70 km/h, but they


have different velocities

cars approach a cross-


road at 70 km/h
HOME WORK
• Example 4-7 Lesson Notes
Note: Please download ZAPPAR to your phone so that you can zap the media
in the notes. It could be solutions/ video/ explanation.
- Very useful for self directed learning.

- Glencoe: Kinematics

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