USTER® CLASSIMAT 5 and thick and thin places (NSLT)

The classification matrix consists of 23 standard classes for the classification of

‘normal’ thick and thin places.

For a better assessment of yarn types with different structures, such as core yarns or
compact yarns, the classification matrix was extended by 2 additional classes.

Of course, the extended classes can also be used for conventional yarns and can even
provide additional helpful information.

The average increase in mass for thick places must exceed

+75% for faults under 2 cm,

+ 45% for faults under 4 cm length

and +30% for faults longer than 4 cm

as counted by the USTER® CLASSIMAT 5 classification system

Where thin places are concerned, the average mass of a fault has to drop

at least 30% to 4 cm

and 20% beyond 4 cm

For standard yarns, critical disturbing yarn faults are given in the classes A3, A4, B3,
B4, C2 to C4, D1 to D4, E, F, G, H2, I1 and I2.
CLASSIMAT 5 ke contamination classes (foreign fibers)

Disturbing foreign fibers in the yarn also belong to the group of seldom-occurring yarn faults.

Foreign fibers are caused by contaminants, which are crushed during the spinning process,
especially by the card, and are presented as foreign fibers in the yarn at the end of spinning.

Generally, contamination can be divided in three categories:

 The colored foreign fibers

 The vegetables
 The PP (polypropylene)

1. Trash particles and seed-coat fragments belong to the categories AA1 to AA4.

2. Vegetable fibers are mostly found in the categories B1 to D1, B2 to D2, B3 to D3, B4 to
D4, because they are mostly short and have a significant mass.

3. Foreign fibers are mostly found in the categories B1 to E1 and B2 to E2 .

Measuring principle and evaluation

4. An optical measuring system is used to monitor foreign fibers. A comparison is

measured between the reflection deviation of the foreign fiber and the normal yarn
color for this. This means that a very dark foreign fiber in a very light yarn produces a
higher contrast than the same foreign fiber in a yarn made of gray fibers.
5. The difference is measured between the actual yarn color and the contrast of a foreign
fiber and its length, over which the color change occurs. These two values (reflectance
in % and length in cm) are compared with the set clearing limits. If both values exceed
the clearing limit, a cut is made. Foreign fibers not exceeding the clearing limit are
entered in the classification matrix.
 1. YARN BODY™ Clearing NSL and T
 Seldom-occurring yarn faults are classified in the classification matrix of the USTER® CLASSIMAT.
 Besides the classification matrix, the cut thick places are divided in three groups
N – faults: thick places from 2 mm to 1 cm  very short thick places (Neps)
S – faults: thick places from 1 cm to 8 cm  short thick places
L – faults: thick places over 8 cm  long thick places
T – faults : thin places

2. Setting for Periodic Faults (PF)

 Periodic yarn faults are thick places, which always occur with the same distance from each other. Such
faults are caused in the spinning process, when yarn guiding elements are defective.
 An effective way of detecting periodic thick places is the application of the periodic faults (PF)
channel. Here a cut takes place if thick places in a regular distance and for a given number of
periodicities are detected.

3. Yarn count deviations (C and CC ) settings

Deviations of the yarn count within a yarn lot lead to high costs for complaints.
The fact that the faulty yarn deviates over several meters or even longer from the nominal count can cause
quality problems in the end product.
The C-channel monitors the yarn count in the start-up phase after the splicing process. During this phase, mainly
bobbins with the wrong count are registered and the winding position must be stopped and the bobbin must be
ejected by activating the corresponding alarm functions.
The CC-channel monitors the yarn count during the whole winding process. Depending on the setting very long
yarn faults with a small mass or diameter increase can be detected.

4. Splice Clearing settings (Jp and Jm)

The splice channel J checks the yarn joint when passing the clearer just after it has been made by the splicer
device.
The evaluation of J follows the principle of channel-clearing. It has to be kept in mind that the length as well as
the increase has to correspond approximately with the actual yarn joint. The evaluation of the yarn joint starts
when the pre-defined limit in percent is exceeded

5. Foreign Fiber (FD) (Option: Foreign matter)

Foreign fibers can be of different origin, character, structure, or color other than the original fibers of the yarn.
It is obvious that foreign matter in textile fabrics can no longer be accepted.
Foreign fibers of different origin, composition, structure and color can be detected with the FD channel.
By selecting a limit only the disturbing foreign fibers are removed from the yarn.
By using FD, dark foreign fibers in light-colored yarn are detected during production.

6. Vegetable Clearing (VEG) (Option Foreign matter)

The Vegetable Clearing is a very useful tool to distinguish between organic (Vegetable) and foreign fibers. Since
vegetables are not visible after the bleaching process, they can often remain in the yarn. The result is a reduction
of foreign fiber cuts. There might be a need to cut long or intense vegetables to avoid warping or knitting breaks
afterwards.
The USTER® QUANTUM 3 has a Vegetable Clearing features displaying a dense area and three different
setting possibilities. These are named (close, medium and open).
The USTER® QUANTUM 3 also provides vegetable classification

7. Polypropylene (PP) detection

White polypropylene fibers can hardly be recognized in grey fabrics, because they cannot be distinguished from
the point of view of color.
However, they can easily be recognized after dyeing because polypropylene fibers do not absorb dyestuff. White
polypropylene fibers cannot be recognized with sensors which use a difference in color as a means of
distinction.Therefore, Polypropylene can be detected only by means of a capacitive or electrical signal, not by an
optical signal.
Other features of quantum 3 Cut forecast : A forecast of cut numbers per 100 km ---- Technical alarms : Alert for
technical problems ----- Textile alarms : Alert for textile problems
The "yarn body" represents the nominal yarn with its tolerable, frequent yarn faults.
The yarn body is a great tool to help find the optimum clearing limits for thick places (NSL), thin places (T),
yarn count deviations (C) and (CC).
The yarn body is composed of two parts:
 Dark green area representing the real yarn body.
 Light green area representing yarn body variations.

Causes of Barre
Barre is unintentional repetitive visual pattern of continuous bars or stripes usually
parallel to the filling of woven fabric or to the courses of circular knit fabric.

 Fibre properties:
 Fibre Micronaire variation
 Fibre color variation
 Improper mixing of cotton from different origin / different varieties / different seasons
 Yarn properties:
 Yarn linear density variation
 Yarn twist variation
 Yarn hairiness variation
 Yarn package lot mixing
 Hard or soft winding of yarn package

AFIS measures the following fiber parameters

 Fiber Length
 Fiber maturity
 Trash content
 Nep content
HVI measure the following fiber parameters
length, Uniformity, Short fiber index, Micronaire, Maturity index, Strength, Elongation, Color and Trash,
and Moisture content.