Assignment 7b (Chapter 7, Sections 2 and 3)

I. Practice Exercises

DON’T EVEN THINK ABOUT WORKING THE HOMEWORK WITHOUT READING

In blue below are some exercises to help get you started. The solutions are found on the
last page of this assignment. These are only for practice and will not be graded.
Remember, test yourself over several days. See if you can look at the question and recall
the answer. Recall helps strengthen the neural structures that underpin your
understanding.

13. Some air fresheners are solid materials that have strong odors. If you leave
these air fresheners out, they slowly disappear. What happens to the solid
material?

16.  On a bitter cold day, the snow is light and powdery. This snow doesn’t begin
melting immediately when you bring it into a warm room. Why?

22. Why does a pot of water heat up and begin boiling more quickly if you cover it?

24. If you try to cook vegetables in 100 °C air, it takes a long time. But if you cook
those same vegetables in 100 °C steam, they cook quickly. Why does the steam
transfer so much more heat to the vegetables?

28. If you try to cook vegetables in 100 °C air, it takes a long time. But if you cook
those same vegetables in 100 °C steam, they cook quickly. Why does the steam
transfer so much more heat to the vegetables?

32. Doctors use an infrared camera to look for inflammation, which appears as a hot
patch on otherwise cooler skin. What differences would the camera observe at this
hot patch?
 Assignment 7b
II. Exercises

Notice that some of these assignment problems are interleaved from previous assignments.
It gives you good practice in how to handle the interleaved problems you will naturally get
on tests.

1-1a. Explain the uses of the turboencabulator

14.  Frozen vegetables will “freeze-dry” if they’re left in cold, dry air. How can water
molecules leave the frozen vegetables?

17. When you put a loaf of bread in a plastic bag, there is still air around the bread.
Why doesn’t the bread dry out as quickly in the bag as it does when there’s no
bag around it?

20. If you put a warm bottle of wine in a container of ice water, the wine will cool but
the ice water won’t become warmer. Where is the wine’s thermal energy going?

19-4. As the moon orbits the earth, which way is the moon accelerating? Directly
towards earth? Directly away from earth? Or parallel, pointing along the surface
of the earth?

25. Why does it take longer to cook pasta properly in boiling water in Denver (the
“mile high city”) than it does in New York City?

26. You’re floating outside the space station when your fellow astronaut tosses you a
cold bottle of mineral water. It’s outside your space suit but you open it anyway.
It immediately begins to boil. Why?

27. The molecules of antifreeze dissolve easily in water. Why does adding antifreeze
to the water in a car radiator keep the water from freezing in the winter and
boiling in the summer?

30. An icy sidewalk gradually loses its ice even when the weather stays cold. Where
does the ice go?

31. How would you estimate the temperature of a glowing coal in a fireplace?

42. Why do bridges have special gaps at their ends to allow them to change lengths?

1-4. Are the following statements true? In reduction, the driver gear is smaller than
driven gear. In overdrive, the driver gear is larger than driven gear.

III. Problems
As always, show all work and include units to get full credit.

1.  If a burning log is a black object with a surface area of 0.25 m2 and a temperature
of 800 °C, how much power does it emit as thermal radiation? (Solution: 18,800,
but what are the units?)

2.  When you blow air on the log in Problem 1, its temperature rises to 900 °C.
a. How much thermal radiation does it emit now? (Solution: 26,900, but
what are the units?)
b. Why did the 100 °C rise make so much difference?

7-3b. When you put water in a kitchen blender, it begins to travel in a 10-cm-radius
(0.10 m radius) circle at a speed of 1 m/s. How quickly is the water accelerating?

8-3b. In the previous problem, how hard must the sides of the blender push inward on
0.001 kg of the spinning water?

1-4. If a pedal gear has 100 teeth, and the back sprocket has only 20 teeth, what is the
gear ratio?
Solutions to Practice Exercises:

13. Solution: The solid material sublimes and its molecules become gaseous.

16. Solution: The cold snow is well below its melting temperature and it must absorb a
moderate amount of heat in order to warms up to that melting temperature.

22. Solution: Trapping the moisture allows the relative humidity to reach 100% so that net
evaporation ceases.

24. Solution: The condensing steam releases its latent heat of evaporation and that
enormous heat cooks the vegetables quickly.

28. Solution: Yes, anything that dissolves in water will do.

32. Solution: The warmer skin would emit brighter, shorter wavelength infrared light.