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BUILDING SERVICES Protection Devices

The document discusses electrical protective devices and relays. It explains that protective devices like fuses and relays are used to isolate faulty sections of electrical circuits to prevent damage. Relays ensure safety and allow the healthy portions of the system to continue working normally. The document outlines the main features of good protective devices and describes different types of relays based on their construction, application, and timing characteristics.

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39 views

BUILDING SERVICES Protection Devices

The document discusses electrical protective devices and relays. It explains that protective devices like fuses and relays are used to isolate faulty sections of electrical circuits to prevent damage. Relays ensure safety and allow the healthy portions of the system to continue working normally. The document outlines the main features of good protective devices and describes different types of relays based on their construction, application, and timing characteristics.

Uploaded by

ASHFAQ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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15 ARC 5.

3 –BUILDING SERVICES – 2 (Electrical Services and Illumination)

Presented by :Ar Ashfaq K Aliar, Ar Shwetha K Purohit(Asst Professor, BGSSAP)


• In an electrical power station, when anything becomes abnormal, it becomes necessary to isolate the abnormal
condition instantaneously or in some cases after a predetermined time of delay.
• The action may be automatic and selective it must segregate the faulty section or piece of apparatus leaving the
correct apparatus in the circuit in normal position.
• The functions can be fulfilled by using the protective devices like fuses or relays in the circuit to isolate the circuit
from the damages to be occurred due to short circuit over loads etc.
• The use of Fuse in the circuit is limited for the protection of low voltage circuits.
• The Relay ensures the safety of the equipment from being damaged and normal working of healthy portion of
the system.

Presented by :Ar Ashfaq K Aliar, Ar Shwetha K Purohit(Asst Professor, BGSSAP)


Main features of Good Protective Devices –
1. Sensitivity – The protective system should be so sensitive that it should operate for low values of fault current.
2. Selectivity – The system should select correctly the faculty part of the power system and disconnect the same
without disturbing the rest of the system.
3. Reliability – The protective system should operate definitely under predetermined condition.
4. Quickness – The protective system should be such that it should respond quickly in order to improve quality
of service.
5. Non interference with future extension – There should be scope for future extension without interfering the
original installation.

Presented by :Ar Ashfaq K Aliar, Ar Shwetha K Purohit(Asst Professor, BGSSAP)


PROTECTIVE RELAYS
The protective relay may be defined as an electrical device connected between the main circuit and the circuit
breaker in such a way that if any abnormality acts on the relay in the circuits, it causes the breaker to open and the
faculty element is isolated. Thus the circuit equipments are saved from any damage being caused by the fault.

Presented by :Ar Ashfaq K Aliar, Ar Shwetha K Purohit(Asst Professor, BGSSAP)


Presented by :Ar Ashfaq K Aliar, Ar Shwetha K Purohit(Asst Professor, BGSSAP)
The Types of Relays –
a) According to construction and principle of operation -
• Attracted armature type – The operation of this type of relay depends upon the movement of an armature under the influence of
attractive force due to magnetic field set up by current flowing through the relay winding.
• Solenoid type – The operation of this type of relay depends upon the movement of an iron plunger core along the axis of a
Solenoid
• Electro dynamic type – In this type of Relay, the moving part consists of a coil, free to rotate in an electromagnetic field.
• Induction type – The operation of this type of Relay depends upon the movement of a metallic disc or cylinder, free to rotate by
the inter action of induced eddy current and the alternating magnetic field producing them.
• Thermal type – The operation of this type of relay depends upon the action of heat produced by the current flowing through the
element of the relay.
• Moving coil type – In this type of relay, the moving part consists of a coil, free to rotate in the air gap of a permanent magnet.

Attracted Armature Type Electro Dynamic Type Induction Type

Presented by :Ar Ashfaq K Aliar, Ar Shwetha K Purohit(Asst Professor, BGSSAP)


b) According to Applications –
• Over Voltage/ Over Current/ Over Power Relay – When the voltage/ Current/ Power increases in any circuit above a
specified value, then the relay operates.
• Under Voltage/ Under Current/ Under Power Relay - When the voltage/ Current/ Power falls below a specified value,
then the relay operates.
• Directional or Reverse Power Relay – When the applied current and voltage assume specified phase displacement,
then the relay operates.
• Directional or Reverse Current Relay – When the applied current and voltage assume specified phase displacement,
then the relay operates.
• Differential Relay – When some specified phase or magnitude difference occurs between two or more electrical
quantities, then the relay operates.
• Distance Relay – In this type, the operation of relay depends upon the ratio of voltage to the current.

Presented by :Ar Ashfaq K Aliar, Ar Shwetha K Purohit(Asst Professor, BGSSAP)


c) According to timing characteristics -
• Instantaneous Relay – In these types, the operation of relays takes place after a very short duration from the
incidence of the current or other quantity resulting in operation.
• Definite time lag Relay – The time of operation is sensibly independent of the magnitude of the current or of other
quantity causing operation in these relays.
• Inverse time lag Relay – In these types of relays, the time of operation is approximately inversely proportional to the
magnitude of the current or other quantity causing operation.

Presented by :Ar Ashfaq K Aliar, Ar Shwetha K Purohit(Asst Professor, BGSSAP)

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