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Water Revised

The document discusses water, its importance for the human body, how much water is found in different parts of the body, water intake and output, signs of dehydration, and the undesirable effects of dehydration at different percentage losses of body weight.

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Carl Valeriano
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22 views

Water Revised

The document discusses water, its importance for the human body, how much water is found in different parts of the body, water intake and output, signs of dehydration, and the undesirable effects of dehydration at different percentage losses of body weight.

Uploaded by

Carl Valeriano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

WATER

Next to oxygen in importance for the


maintenance of life.

1
•  60 - 70% of the total body weight
•  75 – 80% of newborn’s body
•  Adults:
–  average adult male: 60%
–  Average adult female: 50%
–  45 liters in normal adult
•  2/3 (30 liters) is found inside or within the cell.
•  1/3 (15 liters) is found outside the cell
–  25% of fluid outside the cell is within the blood vessels
(intravascular)
–  75% is in between the cells (interstitial space)

1/13/14 2
Water
• A deprivation of water by as
much as 10% will result in
illness
•  20% loss of body water may
cause death.

1/13/14 3
•  1. Water is universal solvent Functions
•  2. Serves as a catalyst in many
biological reactions especially
involving digestion and aids in
absorption.
•  3. Carrying nutrients to and
waste products from cells as
part of blood( circulation and
excretion).
•  4. Vital component of tissues,
muscle, glycogen etc. and is
vital for growth.

1/13/14 4
•  4. Acts as a lubricant of the joints and the
viscera in the abdominal cavity.
•  5. Also a regulator of body temperature
through its ability to conduct heat.
•  6. Helps every organ to function properly.
•  7. Contributes to the lubrication of the moving
parts of the body.

1/13/14 5
WATER INTAKE
•  Fluid intake is via three routes:
•  1. Ingestion of liquids (oral fluids)
•  2. From preformed fluids of foods esp.
fruits and vegetables (solid foods)
•  3. From the production of water
during metabolism of energy
nutrients ( metabolic water)

1/13/14 7
WATER
•  Metabolic water:
•  For every 100 gms of fats = 107 ml water
•  100 gms of CHO = 55 ml water
• 100 gms proteins = 41 ml water

1/13/14 8
WATER OUTPUT/FLUID EXCRETION

•  VIA:
–  GIT ( feces)
–  Kidneys (urine)
–  Lungs as water vapor in the expired air
(breathing)
–  Skin – insensible water loss (sweating)

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Water Output
Water may be lost together with the electrolytes
through:

•  tears •  perspiration
•  suctioning •  drainage from burns
•  discharge from ulcer
•  Breathing
skin diseases
•  vomiting •  injured or burned
•  bleeding areas

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Environmental Water and sodium
temperature loss

Brain signals increase in water intake

Without increase in
sodium intake

Overhydration or water intoxication

Muscle cramps, or drop in blood


pressure

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Signs and Symptoms
•  Muscle cramps and weakness
•  Drop in blood pressure
•  Anorexia
•  Vomiting
•  Convulsion
•  Coma
•  Death

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•  Rapid infusion of IVF exceeding the
maximum rate of urine flow leads to
swelling of cells and become diluted,
resulting in convulsion, coma, and
death.

1/13/14 Marisa N. Rubio,RMT,R 13


Dehydration

•  Loss is about 10% of the body water


•  Fatal if the loss is from 20% to 22%

1/13/14 14
Average Daily Intake and Output of
Water
Intake ml/day Output ml/day

Oral fluids 1100-1400 sensible


Solid foods 800-1000 urine 1200-1500
Metabolic 300 intestinal 100-200
Water
(oxidation of insensible
food)

Lungs (water 400


vapor)

Skin (sweat) 500-600


Total 2200 – 2700 2200 – 2700
( 2500 ml) (2500 ml)
1/13/14 15
Undesirable effects of Dehydration
1.1 to 2 % Body weight loss – thirst, fatigue,
weakness, vague, discomfort, loss of
appetite

2. 3 to 4 % Body weight loss – impaired


physical performance, dry mouth,
reduction in urine, flushed skin,
impatience, apathy
•  5% to 6% body weight loss – difficulty in
concentrating, headache, irritability,
sleepiness, impaired temperature
regulation and increased respiratory rate
•  7% t0 10% body weight loss – dizziness,
spastic muscles, loss of balance, delirium,
exhaustion and collapse
1/13/14 18

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