Chapter 1: Object Oriented Programming in

1. What is computer?
ANS: A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out sequences of
arithmetic or logical operations automatically via computer programming.
2. What is computer program?
ANS: A computer program is a set of instructions for a computer to follow
3. What is Computer software?
ANS: Computer software is the collection of programs used by a computer
4. Discuss Computer Vs Human?
ANS: Computers understand a language variously known as computer language
or machine language.
 Therefore, computers and humans have agreed to sort of meet in the
middle, using intermediate languages
• Humans can speak C++ (sort of), and C++ is converted into machine
language for the computer to understand
5. What is Compilers?

ANS: Translate high-level language to machine language

6. What is source code?

ANS: Source code: the original program in a high level language

7. What is object code?

ANS: the translated version in machine language
• Object code is also referred to as binary code or machine code
8. What is Linker?
• ANS: A Linker combines
• The object code for the programs we write
and
• The object code for the pre-compiled routines
into
The machine language program the CPU can run.
9. Why Do We Need Object-Oriented Programming?
ANS: Object-oriented programming was developed because limitations were
discovered in earlier approaches to programming. To appreciate what OOP does,
we need to understand what these limitations are and how they arose from
traditional programming languages.

10. What is procedural language?

ANS: C, Pascal, and similar languages are procedural languages. That is, each
statement in the language tells the computer to do something.

11. What is class?

ANS: A class is a description of a number of similar objects.

12. What is instance of class?

ANS: specific people with specific names are members of this class if they
possess certain characteristics. An object is often called an “instance” of a class.
13. What are oo p characteristics?

14. What are the benefits of oop?

ANS:

15. What is Algorithm?

 ANS: Algorithms
◦ A sequence of precise instructions which leads to a solution
 Program
◦ An algorithm expressed in a language the computer can understand
16. How many types the problem solving in c++?
ANS: Problem Solving Phase
 Implementation Phase
17. What is Problem solving Phase?
Develop the algorithm before implementation
18. What is implementation Phase?
ANS: Translate the algorithm into a programming
language
19. What are the three errors of programming language?
 Syntax errors
 Run-time errors
 Logic errors

END Chapter1
Chapter2 C++ Programming

20. What is Function?

 ANS: Functions are one of the fundamental building blocks of C++. The FIRST
program consists almost entirely of a single function called main ( ).
21. What is comment?
ANS: Comments help the person writing a program, and anyone else who must
read the source file, understand what’s going on.
22. Two types of comment?
 ANS: Single-line comment which begins with // and terminates at the end of
the current line.
 Multi-line comment which begins with /* and ends with */.

23. What is Variable?

 ANS: A variable is a location in the computer's memory where a value can
be stored for use by a program.
 All variables must be declared with a name and a data type before they
can be used in a program
 Declarations of variables can be placed almost anywhere in a program
 That value is actually placed in the memory space assigned to the
variable.
24. Tell the Basic Data base

25. Tell Their Basic Range

26. What is difference B/wee Expressions and Statements?

ANS: Any arrangement of variables, constants, and operators that specifies a
computation is called an expression.
Statements tell the compiler to do something and terminate with a semicolon.
27 Tell the rules of operator precedence?
 ANS: PEDMAS (Parentheses, Exponents, Division, Multiplication, Addition and
Subtraction)

END Chapter2

Chapter3 C++ Programming

Q1: what is called operator that compares two values?

A1: A relational operator.

Q2: what do loops cause?

A2: Loops cause section of your program to be repeated a certain number of times.

Q3: what are three kinds of loops in C++?

• A3:There are three kinds of loops in C++:

• the for loop
• the while loop
• and the do loop
Q4: what is for loop?

A4: The for loop executes a section of code a fixed number of times.

Q5: when for loop used?

A5:It’s usually used when you know, before entering the loop, how many times you
want to execute the code.

Q6: when while loop used?

A6: The while loop is used when you do not know how many times you want to do
something before you start the loop.

Q7: when test of while loop is evaluated?

A7: The test expression is evaluated at the beginning of the loop.

Q8: which have higher precedence arithmetic and rational operators?

A8: Note that arithmetic operators have a higher precedence than relational
operators

Example (a < b / 2)

Q8: when do loop used?

A8: Use do loop when you want to guarantee that the loop body is executed at least
once.

Q9: when test of do while is evaluated?

A9: The test expression is evaluated at the end of the loop.

Q10: what do break and continue statement are used?

A10: break and continue statements are used to alter the flow of loops.

Q11: what are three types of decisions?

A11:
 The if statement
 The if...else statement
 Nested if...else statement
 The switch statement
Q12: what does if statement performs?

A12: The if statement performs an action if a condition is true or skips the action if
the condition is false.

END Chapter3
 Chapter4 C++ Programming Function

Q1. Define function? And tell the most important reason to use
functions?

A1. A function groups a number of program statements into a

unit and gives it a name.

The most important reason to use functions is to:

• Divide a program into units (divide & conquer).

• Reduce program size: the function’s code is stored in only

one place in memory, even though the function is executed
many times.

Q2.What is the three components necessary to add a function to

a program?

A2.The three components necessary to add a function to a

program are:

a. the function declaration

b. the calls to the function

c. And the function definition.

Q3.Distinguish the different b/w function declaration, calling and

function Definition?

A3. Function Declaration

 Declare the function before it is called

  Notice that the function declaration is terminated with a
semicolon.
 Function declarations are also called prototypes, since they
provide a model or blueprint for the function.
 The keyword void specifies that the function has no return
value, and the empty parentheses indicate that it takes no
arguments

Function calling

• To call a function we need: the function name, followed by

parentheses.

• The syntax of the call is very similar to that of the

declaration, except that the return type is not used.

• The call is terminated by a semicolon.

Function definition

• The definition contains the actual code for the function.

• The definition consists of a line called the declarator,

followed by the function body.

• The declarator must agree with the declaration: It must use

the same function name, have the same argument types in
the same order (if there are arguments), and have the same
return type.

• Notice that the declarator is not terminated by a semicolon.

Q4.Define declaration and tell some library functions?

A4.The declaration is in the header file specified at the beginning

of the program (conio.h for getche () and cmath.h for sqrt()).

Some library function such as getche () or sqrt ()?

Q5.What is an argument and parameters?

 • An argument is a piece of data passed from a program to the
function.

• Arguments allow a function to operate with different values,

or even to do different things, depending on the
requirements of the program calling it.

The variables used within the function to hold the argument

values are called parameters.

Q6. What is the different b/w passing by value and

passing by reference?

A6.Passing by value
• Passing by value means that the function creates copies of
the arguments passed to it. The called function creates a
new variable of the same type as the argument and copies
the argument’s value into it.

• The function cannot access the original variable in the calling

program, only the copy it created.

• Passing arguments by value is useful when the function does

not need to modify the original variable in the calling
program.

• In fact, it offers insurance that the function cannot harm the

original variable.

Passing by reference

• In passing arguments by reference, a reference to the

original variable, in the calling program, is passed. (It is
actually the memory address of the variable that is passed).

• An important advantage of passing by reference is that:

  The function can access the actual variables in the
calling program.

 It provides a mechanism for passing more than one

value from the function back to the calling program.

Q7.Describe Overloaded Functions with example?

A7.An overloaded function performs different activities depending

on the kind of data sent to it. It is more convenient to use
functions with the same name even though they each have
different arguments.

Examples

• Declaration:

Voiddrawchar ();

Voiddrawchar (char);

Voiddrawchar (char, int);

• Calling:

Draw char ();

Draw char ('=');

Draw char ('+', 30);

Q8.What is Recursion?

A8.Recursion involves a function calling itself. Recursion is much

easier to understand with an example than with lengthy
explanations.
Q9. What is Default Arguments?

A9.A function can be called without specifying all its arguments.

• The default argument follows an equal sign, which is placed

directly after the type name.

• Remember that missing arguments must be the trailing

arguments—those at the end of the argument list.

Q10. Differentiate Scope and Storage Class?

A10.scope

• The scope of a variable determines which parts of the

program can access it, and its storage class determines how
long it stays in existence.

• Two different kinds of scope are important here: local and

file.

 Variables with local scope are visible only within a

block.

 Variables with file scope are visible throughout a file.

Storage Class

• A block is basically the code between an opening brace and

a closing brace. Thus a function body is a block.

• There are two storage classes: automatic and static.

• Variables with storage class automatic exist during the

lifetime of the function in which they are defined.

• Variables with storage class static exist for the lifetime of the
program.
END Chapter4