1. How many weeks does a normal pregnancy usually last?

A. 42 weeks
B. 35 weeks
C. 45 weeks
D. 40 weeks

1. What is the white, soft, cheesy coating on a baby's skin after birth?

A. Vernix
B. Dandruff
C. Brown Fat
D. Conjunctivitis

2. What is the end of the third stage of labour?

A. When the water breaks

B. When the placenta is born
C. When the baby's head is out
D. When the baby is completely born

3. The length of an average menstrual cycle is 28 days, however, a

'normal' cycle can range anywhere from 23 to 35 days in length,
depending on the woman. What part of the cycle is counted as day
1?

A. Day of ovulation
B. Day before a period starts
C. Last day of menstrual bleeding
D. First day of menstrual bleeding

4. Which is NOT a comfort measure for labour?

A. Eating
B. Sounds
C. Touching
D. Breathing
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6. What is the most dominant social factor in adult’s life?

A. Spouse
B. Divorce
C. Children
D. Marriage

7. Age range for early adulthood is

A. 20 to 40 years
B. 18 to 35 years
C. 40 to 50 years
D. All the above

8. The most obvious changes related to middle adulthood is

A. Health
B. Physical
C. Cognitive
D. Biological senses

9. Adult begin to reexamine their lives, relationships and work after

certain time, this process is defined as

A. Midlife crisis
B. Social conflict
C. Family conflict
D. Age intervention

10. What is the main barrier of a middle age women in her life?

A. Divorce
B. Children
C. Happiness
D. Menopause
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11. Process of thinking about thinking itself by adolescence refers to

A. Precognition
B. Postcognition
C. Megacognition
D. Metacognition

12. Metacognition according to studies, aids adolescence in

A. Planning
B. Problem solving
C. Processing habits
D. Generating attitudes

13. Adolescence may believe that his or her experiences are unique
based on

A. Peers fable
B. Personal fable
C. Imaginary fable
D. Environment fable

14. Puberty’s biological changes can have a direct effect on

A. Behavior
B. Physical aspect
C. Speaking Styles
D. Communication skills

15. Partially the period of young adulthood has enlarged because of

A. Better food
B. Better living style
C. Better environment
D. Better medical treatment

16. Cognitive development refers to

A. Analysis ideas
B. Producing ideas
C. Generating ideas
D. Perceives, thinks, and gains an understanding
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17. Following are cognitive processes EXCEPT

A. Memory
B. Language
C. Problem-solving
D. Physical reaction

18. Who proposed that children pass through four cognitive stagesof
development ?

A. Lee
B. Plotnik
C. Das Gupta
D. Jean Piaget

19. Piaget described human thought, or intelligence, in terms of two

basic concepts:

A. Assimilation and adaptation

B. Availability and acceptability
C. Accessibility and accountability
D. Assimilation and accommodation

20. Recognition of memory, aware of differences between inner mental

and outer physical events by the age of

A. 2 years
B. 3 years
C. 4 years
D. 5 years

21. Maximum Longevity is understood as

A The oldest human being living

B Average longevity of a population
C the statistical study of human populations
D Age at death of the longest-lived number of a population
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22. Which of the following theories is related to human thinking?

A Ecological theories
B Cognitive theories
C Ethological theories
D Psychoanalytic theories

23. DEMOGRAPHY is a term that refers to

A The process of growing old
B The study of the aging process
C The dealing with health care for the elderly
D The statistical study of human populations

24. Piaget’s cognitive development comprises of ______ stages.

A One
B Three
C Four
D Eight

25. Successful ageing is

A Pleasing to both self and others

B Reaching one’s potential life stage
C Psychological well-being in old age
D A combination of ‘survival , health and life satisfaction

26. Which of the following is NOT the cause of death?

A Natural death
B Failure of kidneys
C Absence of a heartbeat
D Death of major cell in brain

27. SIDS usually strikes between

A 1 month
B 2 to 4 months
C above 10 months
D over I year
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28. The most frequent cause of adolescent death is

A suicide
B Accident
C love failure
D terminal illness

29. Main cause of death in middle adulthood is

A Divorce
B Financial
C Life styles
D Life-threatening diseases

30. Kubler Ross identifies five stages in understanding the process of

dying. One of them is

A Crying
B Discomfort
C Bargaining
D Determination

31. What is the major conflict of interest in public health policy?

A Strong economic interests

B People attitudes towards health policy
C Government interventions on health policy
D Implementations of law and order in health policy

32. Most people prefer to face death in

A. Home
B. Public
C. Hospitals
D. Holy places
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33. Home care can be defined as

A. Alternative to the hospital

B. People staying in their homes
C. Surroundings with the people
D. Receiving comfort treatment from home

34. Which of the following is NOT included in promoting healthy life?

A. Healthier working life

B. Economic and social security
C. Participating in healthcare talk
D. Good eating habits and safe food

35. A factor positively related to successful ageing is

A. Health
B. Education
C. Marital status
D. Life satisfaction

36. Disengagement theory is a

A. Time of retirement
B. Moment of Inactivity
C. Gradual withdrawal into self
D. Gradual withdrawal from the world

37. Spirituality, which comes from the Latin, spiritus, meaning “breath of
life” was defined by

A. Elkins
B. Gibson
C. Palmore
D. Coleman
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38. The phrase gerontology refers to

A. The branch of medicine

B. The process of growing old
C. The study of the aging process
D. Statistical study of human population

39. Sedentary life style is

A. Lack of enthusiasm
B. Lack of financial security
C. Lack of clean environment
D. Lack of healthful physical activity

40. The most enjoyable moments in human life is

A. Later life
B. Adulthood
C. Childhood
D. Adolescents
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PAPER 2

INSTRUCTION :

This part consists of FOUR (4) questions.

Answer THREE (3) questions only in the answer sheets provided.

1. a) What is the definition of cognitive development according to

Plotnik in 1999. (8 MARKS)

b) What are the different stages of cognitive development

according to Jean Piaget? Explain each ONE (1) of them. (12 MARKS)

2. a) As one enters into adulthood rapid role changes take place in (10 MARKS)
one’s life. Explain what you understand by role changes.

b) Give TWO (2) examples that you know to illustrate the role (10 MARKS)
changes.

3. a) Define what is :

i) Functional death (5 MARKS)

ii) Brain death (5 MARKS)

b) According to Kubler Ross there are FIVE (5) stages of reaction (10 MARKS)
to the process of dying or when facing death. Explain each of
them.
 ALD 2414 F / Page 10 of 12

4. Discuss FIVE (5) elements that contribute towards good health (20MARKS)
across lifespan.

ANSWERS:

Q1. a) Cognitive development refers to

"...how a person perceives, thinks, and gains an understanding of his or her
world through the interaction and influence of genetic and learned factors"
(Plotnik, 1999).

b)
Sensorimotor The infant progresses from reflexive, Birth- 2 years
instinctual action at birth to the beginning of
symbolic thought. The infant constructs
understanding of the world by coordinating
sensory experiences with physical actions
Preoperational The child begins to represent the world with 2-7 years
words and images; these words and images
reflect increased symbolic thinking and go
beyond the connection of sensory information
and physical action
Concrete The child now can reason logically about 7-11 years
Operational concrete events and can mentally reverse
information

Formal The adolescent reasons in more abstract, 11-15 years

Operational idealistic, and logical ways

Q2. General answer based on given notes.

 ALD 2414 F / Page 11 of 12

Q3. a) i)FUNCTIONAL DEATH is the absence of a heartbeat and breathing.

ii)BRAIN DEATH, where brain activity is measured, has become the

medical measure of death (no possibility of restoring brain function).
b)

1) DENIAL
Denial is resisting the whole idea of death ("No I'm not or she's not").
Denial is a form of defense mechanism to allow one to absorb difficult information
at one's own pace.
2) ANGER
"Why me/her?" "Why not you?"
In this stage people may be very difficult to be around.
3) BARGAINING
At this stage individuals are trying to negotiate their way out of the death.
Typically, people try to "make deals" with God.
Sometimes the bargain creates an event or date until which the person can hold
on to (such as a grandchild's wedding, or a 100th birthday).
4) DEPRESSION
The individual at this stage is overwhelmed by a deep sense of loss.
Reactive depression is a type of depression based on what has already
occurred, such as loss of dignity, health, etc.
Preparatory depression is the anticipation of future losses, such as the loss of a
relationship.
5) ACCEPTANCE
People are fully aware that death is impending.
In this stage individuals near death make peace with death and may want to be
left alone.
Persons in this stage are often unemotional and uncommunicative.
 ALD 2414 F / Page 12 of 12

Q4.
• 1. Participation and influence in the society
• 2. Economic and social security
• 3. Secure and favorable conditions during childhood and adolescence
• 4. Healthier working life
• 5. Healthy and safe environments and products
• 6. Health and medical care that more actively promotes good health
• 7. Effective protection against communicable diseases
• 8. Safe sexuality and good reproductive health
• 9. Increased physical activity
• 10. Good eating habits and safe food
• 11. Reduced use of tobacco and alcohol, a society free from illicit drugs
and doping
• 12. A reduction in the harmful effects of excessive gambling.

 Choose 5 points and elaborate on them

- END -