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One-Way ANOVA: We Will Cover Only Independent-Measures Designs Involving Only One Independent Variable (One-Way ANOVA)

One-way ANOVA allows researchers to compare the means of more than two populations simultaneously while controlling for Type I error. It evaluates all mean differences through a single hypothesis test using one significance level. The key assumptions are that observations are independent, populations are normally distributed, and variances are equal. The ANOVA test calculates between-group and within-group variations to generate an F-statistic, which is compared to an F-critical value from an F-distribution based on degrees of freedom. If the F-statistic exceeds the critical value, the null hypothesis that the population means are equal can be rejected.

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36 views

One-Way ANOVA: We Will Cover Only Independent-Measures Designs Involving Only One Independent Variable (One-Way ANOVA)

One-way ANOVA allows researchers to compare the means of more than two populations simultaneously while controlling for Type I error. It evaluates all mean differences through a single hypothesis test using one significance level. The key assumptions are that observations are independent, populations are normally distributed, and variances are equal. The ANOVA test calculates between-group and within-group variations to generate an F-statistic, which is compared to an F-critical value from an F-distribution based on degrees of freedom. If the F-statistic exceeds the critical value, the null hypothesis that the population means are equal can be rejected.

Uploaded by

KareemAdel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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One-way ANOVA

Goal: Determine whether Mean Differences Obtained for Sample Data are sufficiently large to conclude that
there are Mean Differences between Populations.
ANOVA Advantages
 Compare two means or more
 Evaluate all of the mean differences in a single hypothesis test using a single α-level.
 Necessary to Protect researchers from excessive risk of a Type I error in case of comparing more than
two population means
 Keep the risk of a Type I error under control no matter how many different means are being compared.
we will cover only independent-measures designs involving only one independent variable (one-way ANOVA).
T-Test Limitations
 only compare two means.
 When comparing more than two population means, we will Test all Potential Combinations
o Would be tedious
o Each test has its own level of significance and the probability of making one or more Type I
errors multiplies exponentially
 Making at least one Type I error : 1-(1-α) c
Considerations to apply one-way ANOVA
 All observations are independent of one another and randomly selected from the population
 The population at each value of the categorical variable (factor level ) is approximately normal
 The variances for each factor level are approximately equal to one another.
Steps of ANOVA
Analyze the total variation of the scores including variation between group means and variation within
1
groups “Calculate each type of variation independently”
Var B
2 F-value =
Var W
3 ANOVA has its own distribution “F-distribution” to set our critical values and test our hypothesis
4 F-distribution relies on two different degrees of freedom
Null hypothesis : means and variances of the samples are equal
5
And Test the probability of obtaining an extreme F-statistic by chance.
6 If H0 is Rejected, then the difference that we see could not have happened just by chance.
Source SS df MS F Fcritical
Between SSB K-1 SSB/dfB From Table
Within SSW = SST - SSB N-K SSW/dfW MSB/MSW dfB
Total SST N-1 ---- dfW
K: no. of groups
N: n1+n2+n3+….
Reject H0 : [F-statistic > F critical] OR [P-value < α]
7
at least two groups have different means.
To find which two groups have different means
9
Tukey Honest Significant Difference (HSD) Test is used
Boxplots – Whistersplots
Q1 is the 1st quartile (median of 1st quarter) 25% of Data less Q1
Q2 is the 2nd quartile (median of all data) 50% of Data less Q2
Q3 is the 3rd quartile (median of 3rd quarter) 75% of Data less Q3
IQ=Q3-Q1 is the interquartile range (Box Length)
Top Whister: Largest Unbooked Sample Value
Bottom Whister: Smallest Unbooked Sample Value
Outliers are either >Q3+1.5*IQ “Outside Top whister [max]”
or
<Q1-1.5*IQ “Outside Bottom whister [min]”
Extremes are either > Q3+3*IQ
or
<Q1-3*IQ

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