Types of curriculum

Official  The Curriculum Development Center is

responsible for enacting and forming an official
curriculum for primary and secondary schools -
KSSR & KBSM

Formal  Based on national education goals and contains

all of the Q & A content and classroom
assessments, including co-curricular activities that
refer to the activities of associations, clubs, games
and uniformed units
 Includes academic curriculum implemented
through teaching curriculum and operating
curriculum
 It is a plan of learning activities so that goals and
objectives of education and school are achieved
 Contains real things happening in the classroom
and what has been prepared and evaluated

Informal  Hidden curriculum is something that is not

designed
 Spurred outside the context of formal teaching, the
behavior and attitudes brought into the classroom
and school are unknowingly and cited as not
explicitly stated
 Consists of written rules, customs and cultural
 values formed by factors such as socioeconomic
status and background of teacher and student
experiences
 Content in the informal curriculum includes
aspects that are considered to belong to or may
belong to the classroom

 
 Factors affecting curriculum change

Technological • Technology is getting sophisticated and

development changing quickly.

  • There are many modes of technology that can

help PdP in the classroom. For example, the
use of computers and websites in
communicating a topic.

• Images transmitted to the whiteboard are

more dynamic and interesting than the old way
of drawing from textbooks.

Current needs / • The curriculum change, for example from

security KBSR to KSSR is to meet current needs.

• This change is to help students who are

produced to become citizens who are not only
knowledgeable but also highly skilled to
compete with other global populations.

• We do not want our people to be left behind

and do not have the latest knowledge.

• For example, technology skills.

• Students can get information out of the

classroom, even, or school summaries.

• Information is up-to-date but the available

teachers assist in guiding the choice of
appropriate information.
Government • Changes to the curriculum should change in
policies line with government-backed government
policies.
 
• Avoid overlapping mission and vision of state
and national education.

• For example, the Primary School Standard

Curriculum (KSSR) was created and added the
fourth element that is to say is parallel to the
government's policy to create a Malaysian
society with first-class minds.

• Has a pure value besides technological

sophistication.

• Ideas introduced in the field of education can

also help curriculum-building members renew
the existing curriculum.

• When the computer was introduced in the

educational system then it was found that many
of the curriculums that had been formed had
been robbed to bring into computer science into
the curriculum.

culture • According to the Board Dictionary (2005),

culture is classified as a way of life practiced by
 
a particular group and includes social systems,
organizational economic, political, religious,
beliefs, customs, attitudes and values.

• Culture is the energy of the mind, the spiritual

effort or the power to move the soul.This driver
is owned by all individuals and through which
 one thing can be fulfilled.

• It means that one's ability to use all the power,

whether physical or spiritual, is to move the
soul to achieve the desired desire.

• The aspiration and the desired value should

also not conflict with the will of the community
and accepted and agreed to be practiced
together. That value will form the norm in
society.

• Changes in the curriculum caused by

community cultural change over time. • For
example, in order to preserve the unity and
harmony of society, the curriculum also needs
to emphasize these aspects.

• Respect the race, race and other religions of

others.

• Compromise and have noble values to shape

the image of a rigid Malaysian nation and can
be an example to another country.

• The level of maturity of society can also affect

their will.

• People who already have high levels of

education need a curriculum that is better than
when the community has not been.

 
 Roles of teacher in curriculum implementation

interpreter  In order to provide an effective work plan, teachers should first

read and interpret important points such as objectives, learning
units, skills, strategies and T & L activities as well as resource
materials set for the subject.
 For example, a teacher teaching BM is required to understand the
educational objectives that his students need to achieve
 Teachers should read and interpret the skills to be taught
throughout the year to get a clear picture of what to teach

planner The curriculum development is the preparation of a work plan of a

program provided by teachers based on syllabus

To provide a work plan: teachers can perform systematic and

systemic sessions and according to the appropriate ratings

1.   Annual work plans should be provided on a yearly

basis. Important points such as syllabus reference numbers,
objectives and subjects should be written in the annual work plan.

2.   The term work plan should be provided based on the annual work
plan. In preparing a term work plan, the following considerations
should be considered:

·   The term work plan should contain important details such as

lesson topics, skills, value applying and teaching and learning
strategies.

·   Lesson plan must be provided before the term begins.

·   The work plan should be briefly but clearly written.

·   The structure of the lesson unit should be based on the principles

of teaching, namely the level of mental or physical development of
the students, the existing knowledge and the skills that have been
 mastered. Typically, the arrangement of lesson units in textbooks is a
basic consideration when planning the arrangement of lesson units in
textbooks to be fundamental considerations when planning lesson
plans for a term lesson plan.

3. Weekly work plans should be provided based on   to the term work
plan. Important things like grades, subjects, topics, skills and value
applying should be recorded weekly work plans.

4. Daily work plans should be provided on a weekly working

plan. Among the things to consider when preparing a daily work plan
are days, dates, levels, teaching time, lesson contents and teaching
and learning activities.The content of the lesson should be selected
based on the topics provided in the weekly work plan. While the
objectives of the lesson should be determined based on the skills
recorded in the weekly work plan.

implementer  In preparing a lesson, the teacher should review the subject

syllabus in depth. 
 All the concepts and skills that should be delivered to the students
must be fully mastered by the teacher themselves. 
 Teachers should then analyze the learning materials and then
choose, rate and organize appropriate activities and examples to
achieve the educational objectives.

 Appropriate teaching aids can facilitate the achievement of the

objectives of the lesson if they are used effectively. 
 The time allocation for the lesson should be allocated
appropriately so that every step of the move can ensure the active
involvement of the students and conduct evaluation and
feedback.  

 
Teaching Supplies 1. Inventory 2. Presentation 3.   Closing
Components
General details a) Induction set ·   The type and
means of
Free knowledge b) Development
closing
Skills Progress
·   Follow up
Learning Lesson content activity
Objectives
Skills ·   Educational
Merge objective
Teaching strategy
assessment
Teaching-learning
Learning
resources ·   Summary /
Application of Conclusion
Application of
value
value ·   Modification
Use of resources

Inventory  The preparation component is the first part of a

Components teaching plan. 
 It covers things like general details, past knowledge,
lesson objectives, integration, teaching-resource
resources, skills and value applying.
 Before teaching the teacher should gather the
information so that it can more effectively and
effectively teach lesson and learning activities.
 These information are very important to enable
teachers to choose and provide appropriate teaching
aids, improve the content of the lesson, determine the
teaching and learning strategies based on the
students' abilities and needs.

Relates knowledge  Skills such as reading, writing, calculating and so on

with induction sets are prioritized in the syllabus for Language and
 Mathematics subjects. 
 Pupils are required to master basic skills to learn other
areas of knowledge. 
 teachers should determine the educational objectives
of the skills outlined in the relevant syllabus.
 The objective of the lesson is the goal determined
based on the skills of the students so that students can
master them after teaching and learning activities. 
 The achievement of these educational objectives is
assessed by the behavioral changes of pupils through
their learning activities.

Selection and  To achieve a lesson objective effectively, the contents

Ranking of Content of the lesson should be chosen based on the interests
and abilities of the students. 
 With the content of lesson learned students will be
able to follow their lessons step by step to achieve the
objectives of the lesson completely.
Determining  the contents of the lessons that have been selected
Teaching Measures and arranged according to the appropriate steps
And Provision of should be associated with the time allocated.
Time  In the process of planning a lesson time, the teacher
should improve some of the steps that should be
provided for the contents of the lesson to be delivered
and how much time should be allocated for each step. 

Selection of Teaching  the teaching method used in a lesson involves the

Strategies - Learning overall method of class, group, individual, inquiry,
project, prctic, massive, inductive, and deductive
solution. 
 teaching technique refers to telling stories, lectures,
discussions, quizzes, demonstrations, role plays,
socio-drama, games and stimulation.