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ReadingTest
65 MINUTES, 52 QUESTIONS
Turn to Section 1 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

DIRECTIONS

Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions.After

reading each passage or pair,choose the best answer to each question based on what is
stated or implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics(such as a
table or graph).

the last ten years. Have we anything new to offer on the

Questions 1-11 are based on the following passage.
subject? Nothing: we have held the subject up in every
Patrick Henry's "Liberty or Death" speech to the colonists
light of which it is capable, but it has been all in vain.
(British citizens in the New World) at the Virginia House Shall we resort to entreaty and humble supplication?
Convention in 1775 regarding their struggles against the 35 What terms shall we find which have not been already
Crown, Parliament, and the British Ministry. exhausted?
Let us not, I beseech you, deceive ourselves longer.
Line I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided; and Convention delegates, we have done everything that
that is the lamp of experience: I know of no way of could be done to avert the storm which is now coming
judging the future but by the past. And judging by the 40 on. We have petitioned—we have remonstrated—we
past, I wish to know what there has been in the conduct have supplicated—we have prostrated ourselves before
5 of the British ministry for the last ten years to justify the throne, and have implored its interposition to arrest
those hopes with which gentlemen have been pleased to the tyrannical hands of the ministry and Parliament. Our
solace themselves? Is it that insidious smile with which petitions have been slighted; our remonstrances have
our petition has been lately received? Trust it not, 45 produced additional violence and insult; our
convention delegates, for it will prove a snare to your supplications have been disregarded; and we have been
10 feet: suffer not yourselves to be betrayed with a kiss. spurned, with contempt, from the foot of the throne.
Ask yourselves how this gracious reception of our They tell us, colonists, that we are weak—unable to cope
petition comports with these warlike preparations which with so formidable an adversary, but when shall we be
cover our waters and darken our land. Are fleets and 50 stronger? Will it be the next week, or the next year; will
armies necessary to a work of love and reconciliation, it be when we are totally disarmed, and when a British
15 and have we shown ourselves so unwilling to be guard shall be stationed in every house? Shall we gather
reconciled that force must be called in to win back our strength by irresolution and inaction; shall we acquire
love? Let us not deceive ourselves, colonists: these are the means of effectual resistance by lying supinely on
the implements of war and subjugation—the last 55 our backs, and hugging the delusive phantom of Hope,
arguments to which kings resort. until our enemies shall have bound us hand and foot?
20 I ask, gentlemen, what means this martial array if its Delegates, we are not weak, if we make a proper use of
purpose be not to force us to submission—can colonists the means which the God of nature hath placed in our
assign any other possible motives for it—has Great power: three millions of people, armed in the holy cause
Britain any enemy in this quarter of the world to call for 60 of liberty, and in such a country as that which we
all this accumulation of navies and armies? No, she has possess, are invincible by any force which our enemy
25 none, and so they are meant for us, as they can be meant can send against us.
for no other. They are sent over to bind and rivet upon It is in vain to extenuate the matter: colonists may cry,
us those chains which the British ministry has been so peace, peace, but there is no peace: the war is actually
long forging. 65 begun. The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to
And what have the colonists to oppose to them: shall we our ears the clash of resounding arms! Our brethren are
30 try argument? Delegates, we have been trying that for already in the field, so why stand we here idle? What is it that

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colonists wish, and what would they have? Is life so dear,
3
or peace so sweet, as to be
70 purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbidit,
Almighty God: I know not what course others may take; As used in Line 27, "ministry" most nearly refers to a(n)
but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death! A) government agency.
B) judicial system
C) Church of England.
D) aristocracy.
The central problem that Patrick Henry describes in the
passage is that colonists
A) are quick to set up defenses against the British.
B) believe armed conflict with Britain is avoidable.
Which choice provides the best evidence that
C) ignore Britain's good intentions in sending
fleets. the colonists' attempts for a peaceful
relationship with England failed?
D) assume Great Britain is too strong to defeat.
A) Lines 24-26 ("No…other")
B) Lines 26-28 ("They…forging")
C) Line 34 ("Shall…supplication")
D) Lines 43-46 ("Our…disregarded")
Henry contends that the British ministry has become
warlike, and therefore the "gentlemen" (Line 6) must
A) unite with Parliament, the Crown, and the
ministry.
This is a text-evidence question.
B) question the ministry's current behavior and
The author implies that action must be taken
motives.
now because
C) ignore the British ministry's false show of
A) colonists are not getting
kindness.
stronger by doing nothing.
D) petition the throne and ministry more
B) Britain will put guards in every
effectively.
house next week.
C) colonists will tire of
3 waiting and spend
resources.
Henry uses the phrase "bind and rivet" (Line 26) mainly
D) hope for victory is strongest at
to emphasize what he sees as the
this point in time.
A) unnecessary dependence on Britain.
B) traditional view of monarchies.
C) unbreakable loyalty to the throne.
D) oppressive intentions of the British.
Which choice provides the best evidence for the
answer to the previous question?
4 A) Lines 43-47 ("Our…throne")
In the passage, the author anticipates which of the B) Lines 52-56 ("Shall…foot")
following objections to his argument? C) Lines 57-59 ("Delegates…power")
A) The British treat the colonists deceptively. D) Lines 63-65 ("It…begun")
B) The British armies are preparing for war.
C) The colonists should strive for diplomacy.
D) The colonists deserve their treatment.
5 As used in Line 54, "means" most nearly refers to
A) methods.
Henry characterizes the colonists' attempts at reasoning B) muscle.
with the British as C) wealth.
A) logical but timid. D) assets.
B) thorough but ineffective.
C) uncivil but sincere.
D) half-hearted but necessary.

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11

What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A) British armies are necessary for reconciliation with the
colonies.
B) War, though unavoidable, is better thab peace through
slavery.
C) The gale from the north will bring the clash of
resounding liberty.
D) The colonists stand idle because their brethren are in
the field.

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(which nevertheless ought not to be entirely out of sight),
the continual mischiefs of the spirit of a party are
Questions 12-21 are based on the following passage. sufficient to make it the interest and duty of a wise
people to discourage and restrain it. It serves always to
This passage is adapted from George Washington's 55 distract public councils and enfeeble public
Farewell Address. The speech was given in Congress Hall administration. It agitates the community with ill-
in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1796. founded jealousies and false alarms, kindles the
animosity of one part against another, foments
Line In contemplating causes which may disturb our Union, it occasionally riot and insurrection. It opens doors to
is matter of serious concern that any ground should have 60 foreign influence, which finds a facilitated access to the
been furnished for characterizing parties by geographical government itself through the channels of party passions.
discriminations, Northern and Southern, Atlantic and Thus the policy and the will of one country are subjected
5 Western; whence designing men may endeavor to excite to the policy and will of another.
a belief that there is a real difference of local interests There is an opinion that parties in free countries are
and views. One of the expedients of a party to acquire 65 useful checks upon the administration of the government
influence within particular districts is to misrepresent the and serve to keep alive the spirit of liberty. This within
opinions and aims of other districts. You cannot shield certain limits is probably true; and in governments of a
10 yourselves too much against the jealousies and heart monarchical kind, patriotism may look with indulgence,
burnings which spring from these misrepresentations; if not with favor, upon the spirit of a party. But in those
they render alien those who ought to be bound together 70 of the popular character, in governments purely elective,
by fraternal affection. it is a spirit not to be encouraged. There will always be
To the permanency of your Union, a government for the enough of that spirit for every salutary purpose. And
15 whole is indispensable. No alliance, however strict, there being constant danger of excess, the effort ought to
between the parts can be an adequate substitute; they be by force of public opinion, to mitigate and assuage it.
inevitably experience the infractions and interruptions 75 A fire not to be quenched, it demands a uniform
which all alliances in all times have experienced. vigilance to prevent its bursting into a flame, lest, instead
Sensible of this truth, you have adopted a constitution of of warming, it should consume.
20 government better calculated for an intimate union, and In offering to you, my countrymen, these counsels, I dare
for the efficacious management of your common not hope they will make the strong and lasting
concerns. This government, the offspring of our own 80 impression I could wish; that they will control your
choice, completely free in its principles, in the passions, or prevent our nation from running the course
distribution of its powers, and containing a provision for which has hitherto marked the destiny of nations. But, I
25 its own amendment, has a just claim to your confidence may flatter myself that they may be productive of some
and support. Respect for its authority and compliance partial benefit, that they may now and then moderate the
with its laws are duties enjoined by the fundamental 85 fury of party spirit.
maxims of true liberty. The very idea of the power and
the right of the people to establish government
30 presupposes the duty of every individual to obey the
established government.
I have already intimated to you the danger of parties in 12
the State. Let me now take a more comprehensive view,
and warn you in the most solemn manner against the The main purpose of the passage is to
A) describe the benefits of political parties.
35 baneful effects of the spirit of a party generally. This
B) caution about dangers of political parties.
spirit, unfortunately, is inseparable from our nature. It
C) encourage all citizens to obey the law.
exists in all governments, more or less stifled, controlled,
or repressed; but, in those of the popular form, it is seen D) inform readers about interstate trade.
in its greatest rankness, and is truly their worst enemy.
40 The alternate domination of one faction over another, 13
sharpened by the spirit of revenge natural to party
dissension, is itself a frightful despotism. But this leads As used in Line 5, "designing" most nearly means
at length to a more formal and permanent despotism. A) artistic.
The disorders and miseries which result gradually incline B) mathematical.
45 the minds of men to seek security in the absolute power C) sneaky.
of an individual; and sooner or later the chief of some D) cautious.
prevailing faction, more able or more fortunate than his
competitors, turns this disposition to the purposes of his
own elevation, on the ruins of public liberty.
50 Without looking forward to an extremity of this kind

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14 19

According to the passage, what does Washington The primary purpose of Lines 64-66 ("There…liberty")
consider to be a result of misrepresenting goals of other is to
districts? A) explain an interpretation.
A) People will be divided because of jealousy. B) highlight a dilemma.
B) It can lead to goals changing within districts. C) clarify a claim.
C) People won't unite behind a single leader. D) describe an objection.
D) It can limit the power of a monarch.
20
Which choice best supports the conclusion that
15 Washington would prefer not to have political parties?
A) Lines 66-69 ("This…party")
What function does the second paragraph (Lines 14-31) B) Lines 69-71 ("But…encouraged")
serve? C) Lines 72-74 ("And…assuage it")
A) It asserts the importance of a unified D) Lines 75-77 ("A fire…consume")
government, which Washington supports.
B) It enumerates the rights of American citizens,
which Washington qualifies. 21
C) It describes the U.S. Constitution in detail, According to the passage, what does Washington hope
which Washington promotes. his speech will do?
D) It advocates for checks on the government, A) It will make a strong and lasting impression.
which Washington endorses. B) It will reduce the energy of political parties.
C) It will prevent America's self-destruction.
16 D) It will eliminate political parties altogether.

In Line 38, "popular" most nearly means

A) simple.
B) fashionable.
C) democratic.
D) established.

17
It can most reasonably be inferred from the passage that
Washington would agree with which of the following
statements?
A) Individual states' rights are more important than
federal laws.
B) Political parties encourage useful civic
involvement.
C) Individual citizens are reluctant to follow
federal laws.
D) Selfish ambition can result from political
parties.

18
Which of the following is one of Washington's warnings
against political parties?
A) They prevent alliances with multiple countries.
B) They facilitate the corruption of the monarchs.
C) They stifle interest in government involvement.
D) They cause civil unrest in the community.

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 3 Passage 2:
3
Today we are here to discuss how nations, businesses,
Questions 22-32 are based on the following passage. communities, and organizations, such as the United
45 Nations, can better address the diverse challenges
Passage 1 is a derivative of former First Lady Eleanor associated with terrorist use of the Internet.
Roosevelt's speech "The Struggle for Human Rights," Terrorist groups have become increasingly adept at using
delivered to the United Nations on September 28, the Internet and information and communications
1948. Passage 2 is a derivative of Christopher Painter's technologies to raise money, propagate their messages,
United Nations speech "Preventing the Exploitation of 50 recruit individuals, and inspire violent acts.
Information and Communications Technologies for
We must, by all lawful means, counter terrorist and other
Terrorist Purposes While Respecting Human Rights and
Fundamental Freedoms," delivered December 1, 2016. At
criminal uses of the Internet, including social media and
the time, Painter was Coordinator for Cyber Issues for the the use of information technology, while respecting
UN Counter-Terrorism Committee. international obligations and commitments regarding
55 human rights, including freedom of expression, as well
Passage 1: as the free flow of information, and a free and open
Line The struggle for democracy and freedom is critical, for Internet. Even in the case of the most vitriolic websites
their preservation is essential to the great objective of the and social media accounts in the United States, much of
United Nations to maintain international peace and their content is protected by our Constitution and
security. The United Nations must hold fast to the 60 international obligations.
5 heritage of freedom won by the struggle of its people; Governments can play a role in working with the private
this heritage must help us to pass that freedom on to sector and civil society to discourage the use of the
generations to come. The development of the ideal of Internet to promote violent extremism and to encourage
freedom and its translation into the everyday life of the positive counter narratives. In many cases, promoting
people in great areas of the earth is the product of the 65 alternative viewpoints is a more effective response to
10 efforts of many peoples. It is the fruit of a long tradition objectionable speech than suppression of that speech.
of vigorous thinking and courageous action. No one race For example, we can most effectively counter violent
and no one people can claim to have done all the work to extremists' propaganda on the Internet by contesting
achieve greater dignity for human beings and great terrorist narratives and worldviews through competing or
freedom to develop human personality. In each 70 alternative messages. Ensuring that effective counter
15 generation and in each country there must be and alternative messages are available and reach
continuation of the struggle and new steps forward must vulnerable audiences is a critical part of our response to
be taken. violent extremism.
The world at large is aware of the tragic consequences As we work to address the use of the Internet for terrorist
for human beings ruled by totalitarian systems. If we 75 purposes, we must be careful not to allow the threat to
20 examine Hitler's rise to power, we see how the chains are undermine our commitment to human rights—especially
forged which keep the individual a slave and we can see freedoms of expression and association, as well as
many similarities in the way things are accomplished in privacy. Heavy-handed efforts by governments to cut
other countries. Politically, men must be free to discuss off free expression, however uncomfortable the speech,
and to arrive at as many facts as possible and there must 80 may further alienate those who may be most vulnerable
25 be at least a two-party system in a country because when to rhetoric that promotes violence.
there is only one political party, too many things can be It is important that countering terrorism not be used to
subordinated to the interests of that one party and it justify the suppression of legitimate political dissent and
becomes a tyrant and not an instrument of democratic other expression that is politically inconvenient. This is
government. 85 counterproductive for our long-term goals to counter
30 The place to discuss the issue of human rights is in the terrorism and violent extremism. Freedom of expression
forum of the United Nations. The United Nations has and the free flow of information are fundamental
been set up as the common meeting ground for nations, defenses against violence and conflict.
where we can consider together our mutual problems and
take advantage of our differences in experience. It is
35 inherent in our firm attachment to democracy and
freedom that we stand always ready to use the
fundamental democratic procedures of honest discussion
and negotiation. It is our hope that despite the wide
differences in approach we face in the world today, we
40 can, with mutual good faith in the principles of the
United Nations, arrive at a common basis of
understanding.

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 3 3
In Passage 1, Roosevelt contends that the danger of one-
party governments is that they This is a text-evidence question.
A) can become domineering. In Passage 2, the author implies that the government's
B) promote uncritical thought. part in opposing terrorist speech on the Internet can be
C) contribute to terrorism. A) overlooked because governments use covert
D) shut down free expression. resources to combat terrorism.
B) harmful because suppression of speech impacts
innocent citizens.
C) collaborative because governments work with
As used in Line 33, "mutual" most nearly means the public to counter terrorist messages.
A) overwhelming. D) overestimated because governments have no
B) shared. right to regulate the Internet.
C) unique.
D) interchangeable.

Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer

to the previous question?
This is a text-evidence question.
It can be inferred that Roosevelt believes the primary A) Lines 51-52 ("We…Internet")
function of the UN is B) Lines 61-64 ("Government…narrative")
A) to ensure that members approach their problems C) Lines 78-81 ("Heavy-handed…violence")
in the same way. D) Lines 82-84 ("It…inconvenient")
B) to praise prior generations' struggles for
democracy.
C) to provide an arena for open communication
among its member nations.
The primary purpose of each passage is to
D) to establish common objectives through a
A) emphasize the need to counter terrorism.
single-party system.
B) counter national threats to the United States.
C) regulate types of governments allowed.
D) argue for protection of freedom of speech.

Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer

to the previous question?
A) Lines 18-23 ("The world…countries") The authors of both passages would most likely agree
B) Lines 23-29 ("Politically…government") with which of the following statements?
C) Lines 31-34 ("The United…experience") A) Protecting a nation from potential threats is
D) Lines 38-42 ("It is our hope…understanding") more important than its global reputation.
B) The function of the United Nations is to
determine punishment for human rights
violators.
C) A country's ability to abide honest political
As used in Line 66, "objectionable" most nearly means
discussion is necessary for a healthy
A) offensive.
government.
B) incorrect.
D) All big governments can quickly become
C) foreign.
tyrannical and eliminate the individual's human
D) confusing.
rights.

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 3 3
Roosevelt would most likely respond to the discussion of
"positive counter narratives" (Lines 64) by claiming that
they
A) can help people arrive at a common
understanding.
B) are completely ineffective for countering
national threats.
C) are inconsistent with the goal of protecting free
speech.
D) have the ability to potentially eliminate terrorist
messages.

Which statement best describes the relationship between

the passages?
A) Passage 2 elaborates on a proposal offered in
Passage 1 with a few alterations.
B) Passage 2 applies a suggestion presented in
Passage 1 to a different problem.
C) Passage 2 details the practical difficulties of
applying a strategy proposed in Passage 1.
D) Passage 2 advocates an alternative approach to
a problem discussed in Passage 1.

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 3 3
Unfortunately, when American workers stop working or
Questions 33-43 are based on the following passage. cut back their hours to care for children, they are losing
55 out on up to $8.3 billion in wages each year, according
This passage, "Care Costs," is adapted from "Caring about to one recent analysis. And off-ramping from
Care" by Secretary of Labor Tom Perez. employment for even one year can have negative
repercussions for someone's career, lifetime earnings,
LineYoung children can't be left alone when a parent goes to and retirement security. Needless to say, it is even
work. But too many working families can't afford the 60 harder for low-wage workers and single working parents
high cost of child care. to afford care.
For a nation that values both families and hard work, Here's an additional irony—because we make
5 making sure every family has access to quality, insufficient investments in high-quality, affordable child
affordable child care when they need it seems like a no- care, wages for child care workers are too low. That
brainer. And yet, in 33 states and the District of 65 means that too many of the hardworking people who
Columbia, infant care is costlier than in-state public care for our children are low-income themselves and
university tuition. While child care costs vary depending struggle to afford quality care for their own kids. Center-
10 on age, type, and location, the high price tag almost based care may typically be more expensive, but it is
always eats up a substantial share of a family's budget. also more likely to be licensed and meet basic health
The Department of Health and Human Services sets its 70 and safety standards set by states.
benchmark for affordable child care for families at 7 No one should have to choose between the paycheck
percent of a family's income, which is the national their family needs and the peace of mind that comes
15 average for all families, according to U.S. Census data. from knowing that they have the high-quality care their
However, that benchmark is unrealistic for many, as low- children deserve. Supporting working families so that
income families spend an average of four times the share 75 they don't have to make that choice is just one more
of their income on child care compared to higher- reason we need a serious and substantial investment in
income families, and in 38 states, the average cost of high-quality, affordable child care.
20 center-based care for an infant alone is over 10 percent
of the median income for a two-parent family. An
Economic Policy Institute analysis found that for a
family with two kids, ages 4 and 8, child care is more
expensive than rent in 80 percent of geographic areas
25 analyzed.
Skeptics argue that investing in high-quality, affordable
child care is prohibitively expensive. But, as is the case
with paid family and medical leave, inaction carries a
steep cost for children, families, caregivers, and our
30 economy. Gone are the days when the majority of
families had one parent at home with the kids (usually
the mother) while the other secured a paycheck. Today,
nearly two-thirds of married couples with children under
18 rely on two incomes to make ends meet.
35 More and more, children are living in home structures
that have only one parent—usually the mother. In 2013,
unmarried mothers maintained more than a quarter of all
households with children. And while single mothers are
more likely than other groups to be in the labor force— The main purpose of the passage is to
40 meaning they are working or actively looking for work— A) discuss the shift in child care from a parent
nearly half of working single mothers are in the bottom staying home to center-based care.
20 percent of earners nationwide, compared with fewer B) analyze the realities of child care costs in
than one in ten married mothers who work. Working relation to household structures.
women are a boon to our economy and family C) show how women struggle to balance having a
45 economic security, but most of our public policies— career and effective parenting.
including paid leave, child care, workplace flexibility, D) challenge working mothers to stay at home to
and other work-family supports—have failed to keep up avoid child care costs.
with these new realities, making it difficult to be both a
parent and a productive employee. This lack of
50 supportive policies also helps explain why women's
labor force participation plateaued in the late 1990s after
decades of growth.

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 3 3
This is a text-evidence question. According to the passage, the details regarding child care
It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that many workers are significant because they
child care facilities are A) demonstrate the validity of child care expenses.
A) struggling to remain in business due to the cost B) provide evidence for the need for affordable
of child care. child care.
B) not employing quality child care workers in C) call into question the quality of child care
their centers. centers.
C) fighting to improve standards in child care to D) challenge the dependability of child care
account for cost. employees.
D) more expensive than the cost suggested by the
government.

As used in Line 69, "basic" most nearly means

Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer A) simple.
to the previous question? B) original.
A) Lines 16-21 ("However…family") C) minimum.
B) Lines 41-43 ("nearly…work") D) primitive.
C) Lines 68-70 ("Center…states")
D) Lines 74-77 ("Supporting…care")

Which choice is supported by the data in the graph?

A) The number of families using child care has
This is a text-evidence question. increased every year except for those of high-
The author claims that which of the following was a income.
relatively recent historical development? B) Low-income families spent smaller percentages
A) The need for family economic security for on child care each year compared to mid-
employees income.
B) The expansion of double-income households C) Child care costs for high-income families have
C) The preponderance of single-mother households increased proportionately with those of mid-
D) The increase in wages for low-income income.
employees D) Mid-income families spent approximately the
same percentage on child care in some years.

Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer The author of the passage would most likely consider the
to the previous question? information in the graph to be
A) Lines 30-34 ("Gone are…meet") A) representative of a perspective with which the
B) Lines 36-38 ("In 2013…children") author strongly disagrees.
C) Lines 44-48 ("Working…realities") B) evidence for the argument that child care
D) Lines 64-67 ("That…kids") expenses are unfairly distributed.
C) compelling but lacking any evidence to support
the author's argument.
D) possibly accurate but not comprehensive
As used in Line 44, "boon" most nearly means enough to truly be informative.
A) favor.
B) gift.
C) benefit.
D) compliment.

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 3 3
Data in the graph provide most direct support for which
idea in the passage?
A) For households using center-based care, it is
more expensive but will meet health and safety
standards.
B) For most households, child care is more
expensive than rent in 80 percent of geographic
areas analyzed.
C) Some families can't afford the cost of child care
and are cutting back their work hours to care for
children at home.
D) Low-income families spend a higher percentage
of their income on child care compared to high-
income families.

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 3 3
Questions 44-54 are based on the following passage.
Passage 2
Passage 1 is adapted from Albert Beveridge, "The March We hold that the policy known as imperialism is hostile
of the Flag," 16 September 1898. Passage 2 is adapted to liberty and tends toward militarism, an evil from
from the American Anti-Imperialist League, "The Policy of which it has been our glory to be free. We regret that it
Imperialism," 17 October 1899. After defeating Spain in has become necessary in the land of Washington and
the Spanish-American War, America took possession of the 55 Lincoln to reaffirm that all men, of whatever race or
Philippines; however, the Filipino people rejected U.S. color, are entitled to life, liberty, and the pursuit of
control, which resulted in a brutal guerrilla war.
happiness. We maintain that governments derive their
Passage 1 just powers from the consent of the governed. We insist
that the subjugation of any people is "criminal
Line It is a glorious history our God has bestowed upon His 60 aggression" and open disloyalty to the distinctive
chosen people; a history whose key-note was struck by principles of our Government.
the Liberty Bell; a history heroic with faith in our We demand the immediate cessation of the war against
mission and our future; a history of statesmen who flung liberty, begun by Spain and continued by us. We urge
5 the boundaries of the republic out into unexplored lands that Congress be promptly convened to announce to the
and savage wilderness; a history of soldiers who carried 65 Filipinos our purpose to concede to them the
our flag across the blazing deserts and through the ranks independence for which they have so long fought and
of hostile mountains, even to the gates of sunset; a which of right is theirs. The United States has always
history of multiplying people who overran a continent in protested against the doctrine of international law, which
10 half a century; a history of prophets who saw the permits the subjugation of the weak by the strong. A
consequences of evils inherited from the past and of 70 self-governing state cannot accept sovereignty over an
martyrs who died to save us from them; a history unwilling people. The United States cannot act upon the
divinely logical, in the process of whose tremendous ancient heresy that might makes right.
reasoning we find ourselves today. We deny that the obligation of all citizens to support
15 Hawaii is ours; Puerto Rico is to be ours; at the prayer of their Government in times of grave National peril applies
the people, Cuba will finally be ours; in the islands of the 75 to the present situation. If an Administration may with
East, even to the gates of Asia, coaling stations are to be impunity ignore the issues upon which it was chosen,
ours; at the very least, the flag of a liberal government is deliberately create a condition of war anywhere on the
to float over the Philippines, and I pray God it may be face of the globe, debauch the civil service for spoils to
20 the banner that Taylor unfurled in Texas and Fremont promote the adventure, organize a truth-suppressing
carried to the coast—the stars and stripes of glory. 80 censorship and demand of all citizens a suspension of
The march of the flag! judgment and their unanimous support while it chooses
Distance and oceans are no arguments. The fact that all to continue the fighting, representative government itself
the territory our fathers bought and seized is contiguous is imperiled.
25 is no argument….The ocean does not separate us from We hold, with Abraham Lincoln, that "no man is good
lands of our duty and desire—the oceans join us, a river 85 enough to govern another man without that other's
never to be dredged, a canal never to be repaired. consent." When a man "governs himself, that is self-
But today we are raising more than we can consume. government, but when he governs himself and also
Today we are making more than we can use. Today our governs another man, that is more than self-
30 industrial society is congested; there are more workers government—that is despotism." The United States
than there is work; there is more capital than there is 90 relies on the "love of liberty which God has planted in us.
investment. We do not need more money—we need Our defense is in the spirit which prizes liberty as the
more circulation, more employment. Therefore, we must heritage of all men in all lands. Those who deny
find new markets for our produce, new occupation for freedom to others deserve it not for themselves, and
35 our capital; new work for our labor. And so, while we under a just God cannot long retain it."
did not need the territory taken during the past century at
the time it was acquired, we do need what we have taken
in 1898, and we need it now.
We cannot fly from our world duties; it is ours to
40 execute the purpose of a fate that has driven us to be
greater than our small intentions. We cannot retreat
from any soil where Providence has unfurled our banner;
it is ours to save that soil for liberty and civilization.
The flag must henceforth be the symbol and the sign to
50 all mankind—the flag!

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 3 3
B) They are optimistic that the United States will
What is Beveridge's central claim in Passage 1? not resort to complying with the doctrine.
A) America has a responsibility to ensure that C) They are uncertain whether the doctrine applies
democracy reigns throughout the world. to this situation.
B) The Philippines will provide much work, many D) They are opposed to the United States' support
investments, and new markets for America. of the doctrine in the case of the Philippines.
C) Acquiring lands in Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Cuba,
Asia, and the Philippines was a result of fate.
D) America has a duty to protect and expand the
boundaries of the country. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer
to the previous question?
A) Lines 53-57 ("We…happiness")
B) Lines 67-72 ("The United States…right")
This is a text-evidence question. C) Lines 73-75 ("We…situation")
As used in Line 31, "capital" most nearly means D) Lines 91-92 ("Our…lands")
A) wealth.
B) stock.
C) resources.
D) government. In Passage 2, the American Anti-Imperialist League
repeatedly mentions Lincoln (Line 55 and Line 84) most
likely to
A) make reference to an American president who
condoned imperialism.
In Passage 1, Beveridge makes which point about
B) present a noble figure as a model of democracy
possession of the Philippines?
for the Filipino people.
A) America has a duty to protect the Philippines
C) underscore the importance of not losing sight of
from seizure by undemocratic governments.
America's founding beliefs.
B) America's acquisition of the Philippines is
D) challenge Filipino citizens to protest the United
necessary for its own economy to prosper.
States' possession of the Philippines.
C) America's distance from the Philippines is an
important factor in the decision to maintain
possession.
D) America can offer the Philippines financial As used in Line 78, "spoils" most nearly refers to
security and the protection of the U.S. military. A
unlawful gains.
B
accumulated gifts.
Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer C
to the previous question? damaged goods.
A) Lines 15-21 ("Hawaii…glory") D
B) Lines 23-27 ("Distance…repaired") discarded material.
C) Lines 33-35 ("Therefore…labor")
D) Lines 41-43 ("We…civilization")

In the context of each passage as a whole, the references

This is a text-evidence question. to God in Line 1 and Line 19 of Passage 1 and Lines 90-
In Passage 2, which of the following best characterizes 94 of Passage 2 primarily function to help each speaker
the American Anti-Imperialism League members' A) cast doubt on the other's honesty.
attitude towards "the doctrine of international law" B) scrutinize the other's beliefs.
(Lines 68)? C) reproach the other's ignorance.
A) They are alarmed about the implications if D) undermine the other's argument.
America does not sanction the law.

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 3 3
Which choice best states the relationship between the
two passages?
A) Passage 2 illustrates the financial implications
of an argument made in Passage 1.
B) Passage 2 takes issue with the primary
argument of Passage 1.
C) Passage 2 provides a historical context for the
perspective offered in Passage 1.
D) Passage 2 elaborates on several ideas that are
implied in Passage 1.

Beveridge would most likely have reacted to Lines 73-

75 ("We…situation") of Passage 2 with
A) ambivalence, because he feels that the outcome
of the war in the Philippines is in the hands of
fate.
B) agreement, because he feels that the Filipino
people have a right as U.S. citizens to oppose
the government.
C) dismay, because he feels that the Filipino
people have a duty to support the United States
in times of war.
D) disagreement, because he feels that the
acquisition of the Philippines is necessary to
preserve liberty.

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Unauthorizedcopyingor reuseofanypartofthispage isillegal. 16 CONTINUE