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2 - Tutorial Large Scale Fading

This document contains 4 problems related to large-scale fading and multipath in mobile communications. Problem 1 calculates the maximum distance between a transmitter and receiver for a given signal-to-noise ratio. Problem 2 determines the minimum distance cells must be spaced to achieve a certain signal-to-interference ratio for different propagation models. Problem 3 finds the maximum cell size to achieve acceptable voice quality a certain percentage of the time given log-normal shadowing. Problem 4 explores the impact of different shadowing parameters on outage probability and how macrodiversity can help reduce it.

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Hao Wang
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
208 views

2 - Tutorial Large Scale Fading

This document contains 4 problems related to large-scale fading and multipath in mobile communications. Problem 1 calculates the maximum distance between a transmitter and receiver for a given signal-to-noise ratio. Problem 2 determines the minimum distance cells must be spaced to achieve a certain signal-to-interference ratio for different propagation models. Problem 3 finds the maximum cell size to achieve acceptable voice quality a certain percentage of the time given log-normal shadowing. Problem 4 explores the impact of different shadowing parameters on outage probability and how macrodiversity can help reduce it.

Uploaded by

Hao Wang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Principles of Mobile

Communications
Course No: 08062081
Tutorial
Large-Scale Fading and Multipath

Mobile Communications 1
PROBLEM 1

Consider a receiver with noise power −𝟏𝟔𝟎𝒅𝑩𝒎 within the signal bandwidth of interest.
Assume a simplified pathloss model with 𝒅𝟎 =1m, omnidirectional antennas with 𝑮𝒕 =
𝑮𝒕 = 𝑳 = 𝟏. Also assume 𝒇𝒄 = 𝟏𝑮𝑯𝒛 and 𝒏 = 𝟒. For a transmit power of 𝑷𝒕 = 𝟏𝟎𝒎𝑾,
find the maximum distance between the transmitter and receiver such that the received
signal-to-noise ratio is 𝟐𝟎𝒅𝑩.
SOLUTION 1
PROBLEM 2
This problem shows how different propagation models can lead to very different SNRs
(and therefore different link performance) for a given system design.
Consider a linear cellular system using frequency division, as might operate along a
highway or rural road (see figure next slide). Each cell is allocated a certain band of
frequencies, and these frequencies are reused in cells spaced a distance 𝒅 away. Assume
the system has square cells, 𝟐𝑲𝒎 per side, and that all mobiles transmit at the same
power 𝑷. For the following propagation models, determine the minimum distance that the
cells operating in the same frequency band must be spaced so that uplink 𝑺/𝑰 (the ratio of
the minimum received signal-to-interference or 𝑺/𝑰 power from mobiles to the base
station) is greater than 𝟐𝟎𝒅𝑩. You can ignore all interferers except those from the two
nearest cells operating at the same frequency.
(a) Propagation for both signal and interference follow a free-space model.
(b) Propagation for both signal and interference follow the simplified path-loss model
with 𝒅𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒎, 𝝀/𝟒𝝅𝒅𝟎 𝟐 = 𝟏 , and 𝒏 = 𝟑.
(c) Propagation for the signal follows the simplified path-loss model with with 𝒅𝟎 =
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒎, 𝝀/𝟒𝝅𝒅𝟎 𝟐 = 𝟏 , and 𝒏 = 𝟐, while propagation of the interference follows the
same model but with 𝒏 = 𝟒.
PROBLEM 1
PROBLEM 2
PROBLEM 2
PROBLEM 3

Consider a cellular system operating at 𝟗𝟎𝟎𝑴𝑯𝒛 where propagation follows free-space


path loss with variations about this path loss due to log-normal shadowing with 𝝈 = 𝟔𝒅𝑩.
Suppose that for acceptable voice quality a signal-to-noise power ratio of -15 dB is
required at the mobile. Assume the base station transmits at 1W and that its antenna has
a 3-dB gain. There is no antenna gain at the mobile, and the receiver noise in the
bandwidth of interest is −40 dBm. Find the maximum cell size such that a mobile on the
cell boundary will have acceptable voice quality 90% of the time.
PROBLEM 3
PROBLEM 3
PROBLEM 4

In this problem we will explore the impact of different log-normal shadowing parameters
on outage probability.
Consider a cellular system where the received signal power is distributed according to a
log-normal distribution with mean μ dBm and standard deviation 𝝈𝝍 dBm. Assume the
received signal power must be above 10 dBm for acceptable performance.
(a) What is the outage probability when the log-normal distribution has 𝝁𝝍 dBm = 15 dBm
and 𝝈𝝍 = 8 dBm?
(b) For 𝝈𝝍 = 4 dBm, find the value of 𝝁𝝍 required for the outage probability to be less
than 1% – a typical value for cellular systems.
(c) Repeat part (b) for 𝝈𝝍 = 12 dBm.
(d) One proposed technique for reducing outage probability is to use macrodiversity,
where a mobile unit’s signal is received by multiple base stations and then combined. This
can only be done if multiple base stations are able to receive a given mobile’s signal, which
is typically the case for CDMA systems. Explain why this might reduce outage probability.
PROBLEM 4
PROBLEM 4

(d) For mitigating the effect of shadowing, we can use macroscopic diversity. The idea
in macroscopic diversity is to send the message from different base stations to achieve
uncorrelated shadowing. In this way the probability of power outage will be less
because both base stations are unlikely to experience an outage at the same time, if
they are uncorrelated.

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