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Fired Heaters: Petroskill Course

Fired heaters are used in petrochemical processes to provide heat through the combustion of fuel. They consist of a furnace with burners that ignite fuel to heat tubes that transfer heat to process streams. Key aspects of fired heaters include combustion fundamentals, furnace design, draft systems, air preheating, burner types and patterns, start-up procedures, temperature and flow control, and troubleshooting equipment failures. Operators must carefully control variables like fuel flow, air flow, and temperature gradients to safely operate fired heaters.

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yemi
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84 views

Fired Heaters: Petroskill Course

Fired heaters are used in petrochemical processes to provide heat through the combustion of fuel. They consist of a furnace with burners that ignite fuel to heat tubes that transfer heat to process streams. Key aspects of fired heaters include combustion fundamentals, furnace design, draft systems, air preheating, burner types and patterns, start-up procedures, temperature and flow control, and troubleshooting equipment failures. Operators must carefully control variables like fuel flow, air flow, and temperature gradients to safely operate fired heaters.

Uploaded by

yemi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fired Heaters

Petroskill course

Hector Nguema Ondo


Fired Heaters
Combustion fundamentals

𝐶𝐻4 + 2𝑂2 → 𝐶𝑂2 +2𝐻2 𝑂 + 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡

BTU’s

Amount of work needed to raise the


1𝐵𝑇𝑈 = 1055 𝐽
temperature of one pound of water by one
degree Fahrenheit
Fired Heaters
Furnace Design
Fired Heaters
Draft Systems
Fired Heaters
Typical Natural Draft Profile
Fired Heaters
Air preheaters
Fired Heaters
Types of burners
Fired Heaters
Burner examples

Hot Oil Heater #4 Regen Gas Heater


Fired Heaters
Burner and Flame Patterns
Fired Heaters
Start-up

• Inspection
– Clean up, check for damages
– Ensure all burners and pilot valves are closed

• Purge
– Remove any flammable vapors present in the heater

• Light-off Pilots
– Remove the blind in the pilot header

• Light-off burners
– Remove blind in the main fuel header
– If burners does not light within a few seconds, you should turn the fuel off

• Normal Operations
– Increase Temperature and process stream flow
– Check balance through the passes and check outlet temperatures
Fired Heaters
Air Adjustment
Fired Heaters
Troubleshooting

&

• Cause overheating and coke formation • Build-up of deposits inside tubes


• Use of a pyrometer • Monitor tube skin temperatures

• Remove Ash outside the tubes


• Do not required shutdown
Fired Heaters
Equipment Failure

• Feed Pump failure


 Try to start again or use the back-up pump
• Fan failure
 Steam Ring or air doors
• Control Valve failure
 No flow control Shutdown
• Burner failure
 Burner tips plug
• Instrument failure
 Readings comparison
• Flame out
 Burner flames go out and fuel is still entering the burner.
 Shutdown and purge the heater
Fired Heaters
Operation Variables

• Gradient temperature
from convection tubes to
atmosphere
Fired Heaters
Fuel and Flow Variables control
Fired Heaters
Control strategy

FF

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