SALESIAN POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY

DEONTOLOGY

Members:
 VIANCA ESPINOZA.
 SANTIAGO ORELLANA.
 PEDRO RIVERA.
 ROBERTO SISALIMA.

Matter: Deontology.

Date: 03/02/2020

UNIT 7

7.8 How can utilitarianism or rights and duty ethics be applied to issues surrounding the proper conduct of research?
It is certainly more practical to use virtue ethics to conduct an investigation, the most important of these virtues is honesty as it
facilitates trust and good relationships between individuals, while dishonesty leads to doubts and doubts about the rest. We must
try to improve virtues, such as honesty within ourselves and others, so that the ethics of virtue clearly tells us that the inaccurate
report of experimental results is unethical. Similarly, not giving credit to all who have participated in a project is dishonest, and
the ethics of virtue indicates that this practice is unacceptable.

MEDICAL RADIATION ACCIDENTS

7.11 What do the engineering codes of ethics say about these cases of accidental radiation overdose?
Although the code of ethics protects the professionals, it also mentions that any work must be carried out with the greatest security
and flexibility for society, since although an engineer cannot always anticipate all incorrect uses, or all errors that may occur In a
designed system, it is essential that engineers try to anticipate these types of problems before they occur and design the system to
minimize the chances of errors, especially if it is health for society.

7.14 What is the appropriate balance between hardware and software safety features in an engineered system?
Safety mechanisms must be incorporated into the design to ensure that failures are detected and do not cause damage. Since when
designing any system with possible implications for human health and safety, engineers must be thorough in the design and testing
of the system, especially concerned with anticipating possible failure mechanisms and designing to avoid these possibilities.

AVANTI VS. CADENCE

7.17 When you move from a company to a competitor, what is your responsibility for protecting your former employer’s trade
secrets? Does the answer change if your new employer is not in competition with your former employer?
It is often difficult to determine the dividing line between the skills and information learned in a previous job and the intellectual
property that belongs to your previous employer, that is, many times we may be stealing information or ideas from our previous
company without noticing it, since that we take those ideas as the basis for our new job, the fact that the new company does not
compete with the previous one does not mean that we can use those ideas in the new company, since many of those times those
companies have patents on the ideas or products manufactured and come to sue for improper use without your authorization.

ISLETA PUEBLO WATER

7.19 What does utilitarianism tell us about this case? What do rights and duty ethics say?
Well, utilitarianism in this case is explained in the way in which it is desired that the indigenous people have potable water, but we
must take into account the pollution that would generate, in a few words a need is satisfied by putting others before, in reference
to the rights and the ethics of duty, the EPA must be equal in both its rules for the city and the indigenous people, it is true that it
intends to help a society without much development, but denotes injustice since the levels of arsenic contamination in the water
that would generate the generation of drinking water for the indigenous people is a violation of the prohibition of the First
Amendment to the religion established by the government.

N-RAYS
7.24 What ethical mistakes were made by Blondlot and his colleagues in researching N-rays?
The ethical mistake made by Blondot and his colleagues in the N-ray investigation, was to give false or unsubstantiated results to
the scientific community, since other scientists did the experiments and did not obtain the results mentioned by Blondot, and in the
end it ended checking that the N rays do not come out.
COLD FUSION
7.28 Using the code of ethics of one of the engineering professional societies analyze the behavior of Bockris’s research group.
According to the code, did this group operate in an ethical manner?
In no way, since it was found that there was fraud in the results provided by that research group, tried to deceive the scientific
community, with this, the reputation of these high-level scientists, as well as of the students and the university was seen harmed.

GHOST WRITING OF RESEARCH PAPERS

7.29 What do the engineering codes of ethics say about the practice of ghostwriting?
In writing a research paper, the author makes decisions about what data to include and what to omit, how to present the data, and
what conclusions should be presented. If one of the main contributing writers is paid directly by a drug manufacturer who has a
stake in the outcome of the research, the objectivity of the reporting of the research is called into question. An ethical issue also
arises when someone who made significant contributions to the writing of the article is not acknowledged. Many people are
calling for an end to this practice, and are urging NIH to develop stronger guidelines and new enforcement mechanisms to prevent
ghostwriting of research articles in the future.

UNIT 8
THE CITICORP CENTER
8.1 The Citicorp Center met the applicable standards and city codes. What might have gone wrong in the design process for
this building?
One of the most important aspects when making a building design is to consider natural phenomena, this was a mistake by
LeMessurie since I consider that the building was going to withstand the wind based on mathematical calculations, another aspect
that affected the project it was the change of structure of the building since a welded union was undoubtedly more resistance than
a bolted one, the building could have collapsed if the corrections were not made.

SEALED BEAM HEADLIGHT

8.8 Did GE have to inform its customers of the new technology? Did it have to inform the SAE of it?
GE offered a demonstration of its new beacon aimed at its customers as well as for the chairman of the SAE Engineering
Relations Committee, of course, this demonstration was not necessary, but it seemed the ethical option, considering the
revolutionary nature of technology, this established a steering committee to set standards for headlights.
GE was very generous in the treatment he gave his clients and others in the use of his sealed beams patents. In fact, GE allowed
several manufacturers to consult with their engineers about the design.

AUTOMOTIVE CRASH TESTING

8.12 Does the IIHS have a conflict of interest in trying to work with the auto companies to help improve automotive safety?
Yes, since the IIHS makes recommendations to the automotive industry on how to make their cars safer but engineers must design
cars to comply with the regulations developed by the NHTSA, and do not pay attention to the information provided by the IIHS.
This is considered as some vehicles that obtained the highest safety rating in the NHTSA tests failed miserably in the IIHS test
and received the lowest rating. Clearly, these two test methodologies highlight different safety aspects of test vehicles.

DEONTOLOGICAL CODES OF THE CAREER IN ECUADOR

- What is the content and structure of codes about?

The ethical and structural content within the profession of electrical engineering is generated because engineering is an activity
recognized as a profession by law and therefore under the control of the state and because the exercise of engineering generates a
labor risk whereby It is based on duties and prohibitions. Within the structure, we have:
General duties and prohibitions
Duties and prohibitions with society
Duties and prohibitions with the profession
Duties and prohibitions with colleagues
Duties and prohibitions with customers
Duties and prohibitions at work.
Duties and prohibitions in tenders.

- What are the application mechanisms that could be considered to apply ethical codes?
One of the main ones is to be impartial, when a situation occurs within the profession, not to favor a friend, but to be fair.
In addition, it must be considered that in order to do an electrical work, you must have all the permits required to work.
Safeguard the physical integrity of the people, that is, perform an installation always taking into account the safety of the people
who inhabit the sector.
It should be considered that an electrical professional must be affiliated with a society of engineers, or at least know all their codes
and comply with them.
Other professionals should not be harmed by obtaining a better job or promotion.
- What ethical problems are the professionals of the career going to face?
An electrical professional will face many ethical problems in his daily life, such as in a public lighting installation, interests of two
parties may arise, and the engineer is in the middle, for these cases the engineer must be impartial and do the things of Correctly,
another problem is the competition between professionals since many of the times for having a job they harm each other, in the
same way within a public entity, many times the boss gives orders that must be fulfilled even if they are not Ethics, another
problem within a public entity is when they ascend to a partner for having favoritism and knowing that we were better trained than
them, it is not something ethical, but it happens frequently.

- What do you understand for intellectual property and free exercise of job?
By intellectual property, I understand what a person thinks or manufactures, that is, an idea that arises from the person, that is their
property that does not belong to anyone else, other than him, nowadays it is called patent to the new calculations or products that
were devised by a person or company in some cases, instead by free exercise of work I understand that it is the availability of each
person to work in a profession that is to their liking and that does not have any type of obstacle generated by third parties or laws,
since each person is able to perform a job with a salary.

POINT OF VIEW ON THE USE OF ETHICAL CODES AS A FUTURE ELECTRICAL

Ethical codes in the area of the electricity sector is very important due to the multiple cases in which the possibility of some risk
can occur, compromising a basic, important and indispensable service for society due to the actions or behaviors that the
professionals of This area can get to take.
Each organization or company must be aware of the role of ethics and ethical codes within the standards that the worker must
comply with, thus ensuring that the decisions made are based on the morality and rectitude that ethics manifest to have a Better
job performance.
The moral of every human being is to realize if our moral conduct in the professional field is good or not, for this purpose the
study of the characteristics of deontology was made. The purpose of Ethics is to establish duties that must be fulfilled by those
who practice the profession, such as:
The engineer must make estimates of the project according to the available data, must be objective and not be interested in
makeup information.
If the engineer witnesses an illegal activity or any act of bribery, it is his responsibility to reject it and report it to the
corresponding authorities.
The engineer must direct projects in which the experience and his knowledge accredit him to carry out this activity, in addition he
must be aware that the well-being and safety of all the people belonging to the project in which he works is under his
responsibility.