RM LAB PRACTICAL FILE

Submitted to: Ms. Nitya Khurana

Submittedby: Chinmay Maheshwari
BBA-IV (Evening)

CONTENT
S.N TOPIC PAGE
O. NO.
1. INTRODUCTION TO MS EXCEL
1.1 Basic information
1.2 Benefits
1.3 Create workbook and spreadsheet
1.4 Data entry
1.5 Naming and adding
1.6 Basic excel function of Ribbon
2. EXCEL FORMULA
2.1 Sum
2.2 Sum product
2.3 Minimum
2.4 Maximum
2.5 Small
2.6 Large
2.7 Average
2.8 Standard Deviation
2.9 Square Root
2.10 Count, Count A, Count blank
2.11 Correlation
3. Data Analysis in EXCEL
3.1 Correlation
 3.2 T-Test
3.3 ANOVA
4. LOOKUP Functions

4.1 VLOOKUP
4.2 HLOOKUP
4.3 INDEX MATCH
5. Pivot Table

5.1 Creation of Pivot Table

(Columns, Rows, Values, Filtering)
5.2 Substitution of count function
5.3 Cross Checking of Data
6. Charts
6.1 Bar Graph
6.2 Column Graph
6.3 Pie Chart
6.4 Line Graph

1. INTRODUCTION TO MS EXCEL

1.1 Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program that is used to

record and analyze numerical data. Think of a spreadsheet as a
collection of columns and rows that form a table. Alphabetical
letters are usually assigned to columns and numbers are usually
assigned to rows. The point where a column and a row meet is
called a cell. The address of a cell is given by the letter
representing the column and the number representing a row.

1.2 Benefits of using MS-EXCEL

There are several benefits excel provides to its users:-

 Build great charts

Excel allows users to unlock the potential of their data, by using
formulas across a grid of cells. Data is inserted into individual cells
in rows or columns, allowing it to be sorted and filtered, and then
displayed in a visual presentation. Using pie charts, graphs and
clustered columns adds meaning to data, which otherwise may
just exist as row after row of numbers.

 Use conditional formatting

Excel users can format their spreadsheets using different colour
shades, bolds and italics, to differentiate between columns and
bring the most important data to the fore. This function could be
useful when presenting accounting information, such as the pre-
tax profit and the balance being carried forward by the company.

 Help identify trends

When presenting data in the form of charts or graphs, it can be
helpful to include average lines, which explicitly detail the key
trends emerging from the information. This may help demonstrate
the key points to other users in a straightforward manner – for
instance, an executive from a different department during a board
meeting.

 Bring data together

Excel can be used to bring information from various files and
documents together, so that it exists in a single location. As well
as raw data and information from other spreadsheets, it is possible
to import text and images.

 Online access
Excel is available online as part of Microsoft’s Office 365
productivity suite. This means leaders and employees have
access to the program from a range of devices, from almost any
location. Providing they have a web-enabled PC, laptop, smart
phone or tablet it should be possible to access Excel, making
remote and mobile working viable.

1.3 Create workbook and spreadsheet

To Create a workbook following steps are:-

 Go to start and type Ms-excel.

 Open Excel.
 Select Blank workbook or press Ctrl+N.
 Start typing.
 A blank document or sheet will appear on screen as shown
below
To Create a spreadsheet following steps are:-

 Click on blank workbook to create a new workbook

 Familiarize yourself with the spreadsheets layout
 Enter some data
 Check out the functions available for advanced uses
 Save your file by going to office button
 Click on save as and save your sheet

In the
example: I have saved my file as Book1 and my spreadsheet will
be saved by this name only.
1.4 Data Entry
 Start entering the data you want to enter in excel sheet.
1.5 Naming and Adding in Excel

 Enter any data and select the whole data

 Then go to formula tab and click on define name
 There define the name to that column data whatever you
want
 The selected name will appear when column is selected
1.6 Function of Ribbon

The ribbon provides shortcuts to commands in Excel. A command

is an action that the user performs. An example of a command is
creating a new document, printing a documenting, etc.

Ribbon components explained

 Ribbon start button - it is used to access commands i.e.

creating new documents, saving existing work, printing,
 accessing the options for customizing Excel, etc.
 Ribbon tabs – the tabs are used to group similar commands
together. The home tab is used for basic commands such as
formatting the data to make it more presentable, sorting and
finding specific data within the spreadsheet.
 Ribbon bar – the bars are used to group similar commands
together. As an example, the Alignment ribbon bar is used to
group all the commands that are used to align data together.

2. EXCEL FORMULA

2.1 SUM
Sum function is used to total the data. The steps are:-
 Go to any cell and type =sum().
 Then select the range for which you want the total and press
ENTER.
2.1 SUMPRODUCT
Sum product function multiplies ranges and returns the sum of the
products . The steps are:-
 Go to any cell and type =sum product(
 Then select the first range that is math’s marks and then
press comma (,) and then select the second range that is
English marks and close the bracket before pressing ENTER.

2.3 MINIMUM
Minimum function is used to find out the least value or the
smallest value in the data. The steps are:-
 Go to any cell and type =min().
 Select the range for which you want the min value and press
ENTER.

2.4 MAXIMUM
Maximum function is used to find out the above value or the
largest value in the data. The steps are:-
 Go to any cell and type =max().
 Select the range for which you want the max value and press
ENTER.
2.5 SMALL
Small function returns numeric values based on their position in a
list ranked by values. In other words, it can retrieve 2nd smallest or
3rd smallest values. The steps are:-
 Go to any cell and type =small (array,n).
 Select the range for which you want the small value and press
comma (,) and enter which smallest value you want either 2
or 3 and then press ENTER.
2.6 LARGE
Large function returns numeric values based on their position in a
list ranked by values. In other words, it can retrieve nth largest or
3rd largest values etc. The steps are:-
 Go to any cell and type =large (array,n).
 Select the range for which you want the largest value and
press comma (,) and enter which largest value you want
either 2 or 3 and then press ENTER.

2.7 AVERAGE
Sum function is used to find out the average of the data provided .
The steps are:-
 Go to any cell and type =average ().
 Select the range for which you want average and press
ENTER.
2.8 STANDARD DEVIATION
Standard deviation function is used to find out the deviation of
the data that represents a sample provided . The steps are:-
 Go to any cell and type =STDEV ().
 Select the range for which you want deviation and press
ENTER.
2.9 SQUARE ROOT
Square root function is used to find out the square root of the data
provided . The steps are:-
 Go to any cell and type =SQRT ().
 Select the range for which you want square root and press
ENTER.

2.10 COUNT,
COUNTA, COUNT BLANK

1. Count function is used to count a range of cells containing

numbers or dates excluding blanks. The steps are:-
 Go to any cell and type =count ().
 Select the range for which you want count the cells and press
ENTER.
2. Count A function is used to count everything …numbers
,dates, text or a range containing a mixture of these items,
but does not count blank cells .COUNTA stands for count all.
The steps are:-
 Go to any cell and type =COUNTA ().
 Select the range for which you want count the cells and press
ENTER.

3. Count Blank function is used to count the empty cells in a

range containing number or data. The steps are:-
 Go to any cell and type =count blank ().
 Select the range for which you want count the blanks and
press ENTER.
2.11 CORRELATION
Correl function is to measure the linear relation between 2
variables. It gives indication of the strength of the relation. The
steps are:-
 Go to any cell and type =average ().
 Select the range for which you want average and press
ENTER.

3. DATA ANALYSIS IN EXCEL

3.1 CORRELATION

Steps:-

 Enter the data and then do to data tab

 From data tab select data analysis option
 A box will appear .There select correlation and click ok
 A box will appear asking for input range
 Select all values for input range and then click on labels
option too
 Then for output range select any vacant cell and click ok
 Result will appear on the sheet

3.2 T-TEST

Steps:-
  Enter the data and then do to data tab and from data tab
select data analysis option
 A box will appear .There select T-Test for unequal variances
and click ok
 Select all values of column 1 for input range 1 and then select
all values of column 2 for input range 2 and then put
hypothesis difference = 0
 Then for output range select any vacant cell and click ok
 Result will appear on the sheet

3.3 ANOVA

Steps:-

 Enter the data and then do to data tab and from data tab
 select data analysis option
 A box will appear .There select Anova:Single Factor option and
click ok
 Select all values for input range and then click on labels
option too
 Then for output range select any vacant cell and click ok
 Result will appear on the sheet

4. LOOKUP FUNCTIONS IN EXCEL

4.1 VLOOKUP
Steps:-

 Enter the data and select a vacant cell where you want the
 answer.
 Type = vlookup(lookup_value,table_array,colum number, true
or false)
 Press enter

4.2 HLOOKUP
Steps:-

 For hlookup first the data has to be transposed so select the

data
 Press right click and select option paste special
 From dialogue box select transpose option and click on ok
  The data is presented in horizontal form and then apply
formula
 Select a cell where you want the result to be shown
 Type = hlookup(lookup_value,table_array,row number, true or
false)
 Press enter

4.3 INDEX MATCH

Steps:-

 Enter the data and select a vacant cell where you want the
answer.
 Type = index(column to return a value from, Match(lookup
value, column to look up against,0 for exact match))
 Press enter
  In example,=index(selected the whole population column,
Match( selected Japan as we want Japan total population, then
selected the whole country range column, then pressed 0 for
true match ))

5. PIVOT TABLE IN EXCEL

5.1 PIVOT TABLE

Steps:-
 Enter the data for which you want pivot table
 Now select any cell in the source data table
 On the ribbon, click the insert tab
 In the table click in pivot tables
 You can modify the data by changing filters and putting
various labels in rows, columns and values
6. CHARTS IN EXCEL
6.1 BAR GRAPH

Steps:-
 Select the data that you would like to use for the bar chart
 Select the insert tab in the toolbar
 Click on the bar chart button in the charts group
 Then select a chart from the drop down menu
 The result is chart appearing on the spreadsheet

6.2 COLUMN GRAPH

Steps:-
 Select the data that you would like to use for the bar chart
 Select the insert tab in the toolbar
 Click on the column grpaph chart button in the charts group
 Then select a chart from the drop down menu
 The result is chart appearing on the spreadsheet

6.3 PIE-CHART

Steps:-
  Select the data that you would like to use for the bar chart
 Select the insert tab in the toolbar
 Click on the pie chart button in the charts group
 Then select a chart from the drop down menu and modify the
chart
 The result is chart appearing on the spreadsheet

6.4 LINE GRAPH

Steps:-
 Select the data that you would like to use for the bar chart
 Select the insert tab in the toolbar
 Click on the line graph chart button in the charts group
 Then select a chart from the drop down menu
 The result is chart appearing on the spreadsheet