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International Union For Conservation of Nature (IUCN) : - Provides Green List of Protected and Conserved Areas (The

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is an international organization focused on conservation issues. Formed in 1948, it has over 1,300 member organizations including governments and NGOs. The IUCN works to influence conservation efforts worldwide through research, education, and compiling resources like the IUCN Red List which assesses species conservation status. It also provides the IUCN Green List standard for protected areas. The document then discusses several species on the IUCN Red List for India and provides details on other organizations focused on conservation issues like CITES and WWF.

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Arpit Richhariya
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
52 views8 pages

International Union For Conservation of Nature (IUCN) : - Provides Green List of Protected and Conserved Areas (The

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is an international organization focused on conservation issues. Formed in 1948, it has over 1,300 member organizations including governments and NGOs. The IUCN works to influence conservation efforts worldwide through research, education, and compiling resources like the IUCN Red List which assesses species conservation status. It also provides the IUCN Green List standard for protected areas. The document then discusses several species on the IUCN Red List for India and provides details on other organizations focused on conservation issues like CITES and WWF.

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Arpit Richhariya
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Wednesday, April 1, 2020

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)


• Formed in oct 1948

• HQ- Gland Switzerland

• Members - 1300

• member union uniquely composed of both government and civil society


organizations NGO’s

AIM -

ensure the use of natural resources in equitable and ecologically sustainable.

world that values and conserves nature *

provides public, private and non-governmental organizations with the knowledge and
tools that enable human progress, economical dev. and nature conservation to take
place together.

FUNCTIONS

• Data gathering, research and education to influence world to conserve nature


and ensure sustainable uses of resources.

• The organization is best known for compiling and publishing the IUCN Red List,
which assesses the conservation status of species worldwide

• Provides Green List of Protected and Conserved Areas (the ‘IUCN Green List
Standard’) which is a new global standard for protected areas in the 21st Century.

Entities Associated - CITES 1963 , TRAFFIC 1976 , SAWEN 2011

IUCN Red List

• The IUCN Red list of Threatened Species, founded in 1964.

• assess the conservation status of species , sub species, varieties and even selected sub
population on global scale.

• Official term “Threatened “ is divided into 3 categories : Critically Endangered, Endangered


and Vulnerable

• Species are classified into 9 Groups : EX Extinct , EW Extinct in wild, CR Critically


endangered - population < 50 mature individual (90% less in 3 generation) ,

Wednesday, April 1, 2020

• EN Endangered ( Pop < 250 Individual (50-70% less) ) , VU Vulnerable, NT Near


Threatened , LC Least Concern , DD Data Deficient , NE Not Evaluated

• Pink Pages contains Critically Endangered Species

• Green Pages are used for those pages which contains species which were endangered
before but are now recovered.

IUCN Green List of Protected and Conserved areas

• program of certification for protected and conserved areas - national parks, natural
world Heritage Sites, community conserved areas, nature reserved and so on - that are
effectively managed and fairly governed.

• Till now 46 areas in 14 countries

• India has no areas listed in it.

RED LIST SPECIES (INDIA)


Ex Species
• Caspian tiger, bala tiger , Java tiger

• Black Soft Shell Turtle

CR Mammals

• Cheetah : Asiatic Cheetah (African Cheetah- VU ) *

• Pigmy Hog : smallest in pig family ( Kajiranga NP Assam)

• Malabar Large Spotted Civet - Western Ghats

• Namdapha Flying Squirrel - Namdapha NP

• Kashmir Stag - Dachigam NP

• Elvira Rat - Eastern Ghats Tamil Nadu

• Nicobar Shrew

• Jenkins Shrew- South Andaman

• Kondana Soft furred Rat - Maharashtra

• Jeypore Indian Gecko - Eastern ghats Odisha

• Himalyan Brown Bear - HP

Wednesday, April 1, 2020

CR Birds
• The great Indian Bustard - areas adjoining pakistan

• Bugun Liocichla - Shinchung bugun Community Reserve Aru.P

• Jerdons Courser- And.P

• White Bellied Heron- Assam and Aru.P

• Bengal Florical- UP, Assa, and Aru.P

• Indian Vulture

CR Reptiles
• Gharial - Chambal

• Leatherback Turtle

• Northern River Terrapin - Sundarbans

• Red Crowned Roof Turtle- Chambal

CR Fishes
• Hump Backed Mahseer - River Cauveri

• Ganges Shark

• Pondicherry Shark

EN Fauna
• Asian Elephant , Bengal Tiger , Barasingha , Asiatic Lion , Lion Tailed Macaque - South
India ,Nilgiri Marten , Nilgiri Langur , Nilgiri Tahr .Red Panda ,Ganges Dolphin ,White Bellied
Musk Deer, Pangolin

VU Fauna
Snow Leaopord, Sloth Bear, Otter, Saras Crane , Indian Star Tortoise , Black Panthers,
King Cobra

LC Species

Red Fox , BlackBuck, Chinkara , Golden Eagle, Indian flying fox



Wednesday, April 1, 2020

Convention on Int. Trade in Endangered Species of


wild fauna and flora (CITES )
• Drafted in 1963 by IUCN members by also consulting GATT

• came into force in 1 july 1975

• Members - 183

• HQ- Washington also known as Washington Convention

• administrated by UNEP

• world wild life day on 3rd March celebrated cuz signed on this date in 1973

AIM
• Ensures that int trade of wild animals and plants does not threaten the survival of Species( >
35000 ( 5000animals and 29k plant species ) in Wild.

FUNCTION
• Regulate trade of Wild Animals and plants , animal products ( crocodile leather , Ivory )

• Does not protect habitat of species or how species are used by countries

• Controls int. movements of species

• If species is in danger of extinction then it will impose ban on trade of listed species

• 3 Appendixes - ban (1200), regulate (21000) (yellow stone)- Asiatic Elephant , one country’s
problem

• Also ban trade of endangered flora like - rosewood, dalbeergia siso

• Gecko - prohibited

World Wide Fund for nature ( WWF )


• WWF is an international non-governmental organization founded in 1961

• Gland Swiss - HQ

• President- Pawan Sukhdeva

• Members more than 100 countries , 3000 projects partnerships with communities,
companies, and governments

• Initially known as World Wildlife Fund, renamed in 1987

• Mission is to conserve nature and reduce the most pressing threats to the diversity of
life on Earth

• Works around these six areas : F C F O F W : Food | Climate | Freshwater | Oceans | Forests | Wildlife

AIM
• WWF works to help local communities conserve the natural resources they depend
upon, transform markets and policies toward sustainability, and protect and restore
species and their habitats

Initiatives
• Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act
• Living planet report , 1998 in every 2 years
• wwf launched several worldwide campaigns including Earth Hour , depth for nature swap
• takes fund adopt an animal 

Wednesday, April 1, 2020

Greenhouse Effect
• Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are a group of gases that are able to absorb heat from mainly sun
in the atmosphere keeping the earth’s surface warm

• Acts like blanket absorbing heat/thermal radiation by the greenhouse gases is re-radiated back
to earth’s surface

• InfraRed absorb - opaque - short wavelength -

• This ability of GHG( water vapour ( less duration ), CO2,N2O,CH4, O3 ) to trap heat in
thermal form and spread evenly at earth’s surface is known as Greenhouse effect

• GHG - abundance , duration , potential https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sTvqIijqvTg

National Green Tribunal, NGT Act 2010


• NGT is a tribunal set up to address environmental issues

• Justice Adarsh Kumar Goyal - Chairman

• Principle place of sitting - New Delhi = 4 Zones -

• was est. under Article 323A

• inspired article 21 “Right to healthy Env.”

• It is a statutory body established under the National 



Green Tribunal Act 2010

• not bound by procedure take down under the court of civil procedures act but
shall be guided by principles of natural justice

• has a status similar to high court and for further review can goes to SC


COMPOSITION

• One full time Chairperson,

• Not less than ten but subject to maximum of twenty full time Judicial Members as the
Central Government may, from time to time, notify;

• Expert Members

Wednesday, April 1, 2020

AIMS

• Effective and expeditious disposal of cases(within 6 months) relating to environmental


protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources,

• Enforcement of any legal right relating to environment, and

• Giving relief and compensation for damages to persons and property and for matters
connected therewith or incidental thereto.

• The tribunal has three courts in its principal Bench in Delhi and four zonal Benches —
in the east, west, central and south to encompass all States and Union Territories. 


NGT deals in following Acts


• The Water Act, 1974

• The water cess Act, 1977

• The Forest(conservation)Act, 1980

• The Air Act, 1981

• The Environment Act, 1986

• The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991

• The Biological Diversity Act,2002

not includes wildlife act and forest dwellers act

Dividend Distribution Tax


• Tax on dividend that is distributed by the company to its shareholders
• It was paid by the companies before distributing dividends
• In Budget 2020 DDT was abolished
• Now dividend will become a part of investor’s income which may be taxed in accordance
income tax slabs.
• Reduce Cascading(double Taxation) Effect
Wednesday, April 1, 2020

Chernobyl disaster
•  nuclear accident that occurred on Saturday 26 April 1986

• Near City Pripyat Ukrainian SSR

• RBMK nuclear type reactor - caused due to using Graphite as a cheap alternative for
conductor causing Steam explosion in reactor. 30 - 60 km - from all side

• U - 235 clean radiation till 2065

Right to Property Article 300A

• No person shall be deprived of his property save by the authority of law.

• Therefore, the article protects an individual from interference by the State and dispossess a


person of the property unless it is in accordance with the procedure established by law.

• right to property is a constitutional right, though right to property is no longer a


fundamental right and constitutional protection continues inasmuch as without authority
of law, a person cannot be deprived of his property
• 9th schedule (Land Reform) used to remove Article 31

Ayushman Yojna ( PM Jan Arogya Yojna ) *Not Enough


World’s largest health care scheme including both preventive and protective care

to achieve Sustainable Dev Goal 3

COMPONENTS

• Preventive care -wellness health care services ( Nat. health policy 2017) under
MoHFW ( 1 lakh health care centres ) ( 60:40 Ratio States, 90-10 NE states and
UTs)

• Protective care -Nat health Protection Scheme (PMJA) at secondary and tertiary
level


• PM Jan Arogya Yojna



A completely cashless health insurance ( upto 5 Lakhs per family ) scheme for
poor and vulnerable population with budget 1200 Cr

Wednesday, April 1, 2020

Article 243 - Panchayati Raj


• This Article is added by 73rd ammendment act of 1992 part IX (the Panchayats)

• Contains 29 matters in responsibilities of panchayat

• Defines Panchayat

• Gram Sabha" means a body consisting of persons registered in the electoral


rolls relating to a village comprised within the area of Panchayat at the village
level;

• "intermediate level" means a level between the village and district levels specified
by the Governor of a State by public notification to be the intermediate level for
the purposes of this Part;

• "Panchayat" means an institution (by whatever name called) of self-government


constituted under article 243B, for the rural areas;

• "Panchayat area" means the territorial area of a Panchayat;

• "population" means the population as ascertained at the last preceding census

• "Village" means a village specified by the Governor by public notification to be a


village for the purposes of this Part and includes a group of villages so specified. 


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