Basic Knowledge of Low-Voltage Power

Distribution Introduction
Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Objectives
 After learning this course, you will be able to:
 Understand the basic concepts of power distribution

 Know the grounding system

 Know the common power distribution products

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 Contents
1. Basic Concepts for Power Distribution

2. Low-Voltage Electrical Devices

3. Earthing system Introduction

4. Power Distribution Products Introduction

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 Where Is the Power Distribution?

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 Power Distribution on Site

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 Basic Concepts for Power Distribution

Power Distribution

Definition Function Purpose Requirement

Transmission Easy maintenance

 
Electrical system Rich experience
 

Distribution Good protection

 
Low-voltage Special practice
 

Protection High safety

 
electrical devices
Control


Monitor


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 Contents
1. Basic Concepts for Power Distribution

2. Low-Voltage Electrical Devices

3. Earthing system Introduction

4. Power Distribution Products Introduction

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 Low-Voltage Electrical Devices
 Definition:
 Defined in AC area: ≤1200 V, 50/60 Hz

 Defined in DC area: ≤1500 V

 Common Low-voltage electrical devices:

 Low-voltage Circuit Beaker

 Transfer Switch

 Fuse

 Contactor

 Surge Protection Device ( SPD )

 Socket & Plug

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 Low-Voltage Circuit Breakers
 Function:
 Switch

 Overload protection

 Short circuit protection ( instant /short delay )

 Classification:
 ACB (Air Circuit Breaker)

 MCCB (Molded Case Circuit Breaker)

 MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker)

 HY-MAG (Hydraulic-pressure Magnetic Circuit Breaker)

 RCD (Residual Current Device)

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 Low-Voltage Circuit Breakers - MCCB
 Definition:
 MCCB is a type of electrical protection device that is commonly
used when load currents exceed the capabilities of miniature
circuit breakers.

 Features:
 Used in industrial areas widely.

 carry medium current (hundreds of amperes).

 High breaking capability (Icu Ics).

 operated rapidly.

 The tripping devices are interchangeable and adjustable.

 Intelligent monitoring functions: catenation, remote control,

 alarms and data transmission.

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 Low-Voltage Circuit Breakers - MCB (1)
 Definition:
 An MCB or miniature circuit breaker is an
electromagnetic device that embodies complete
enclosure in a molded insulating material.

 Main parameters:
 Carry miniature current (from 1 A to 100 A usually)
 Nearest to the loads
 Rated voltage Un：230V/400Vac, 60Vdc
 Rated breaking current Icu：4.5kA，6kA，10kA…
 Characteristic: B, C or D
 Tripping principle: Thermal-Magnetic tripping（TM）

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 Low-Voltage Circuit Breakers - MCB (2)
 Tripping Characteristics
 Definition:
 B, C, D according to IEC 60898

 Z, K according to IEC 60947-2

 Application:
 Characteristics Z (2-3) In

 Characteristics B (3-5)In

 Characteristics C (5-10) In

 Characteristics D (10-20)In

 Characteristics K (8 –15)In

Characteristic C is suggested for the MCB in

Network Energy power distribution system.

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 Low-Voltage Circuit Breakers - RCD
 Principle:
 Kirchoffs Law: ∑I=0

 Earth leakage current protector

 Classification:
 By Principle:
 Electromagnetic type
Magnetic type RCD
 Electronic type

 By over current protection:

 Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB)

 Residual current Circuit Breaker with Over-current protection

(RCBO)

 By relay time: instant type, selected type

RCCB

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 Transfer Switch
 Definition:
 A transfer switch is an electrical switch that switches a load between two sources.

 Classification:
 ATS: Automatic Transfer Switch ( Mechanical action )

 STS: Static Transfer Switch ( SCR )

 Types
 Open transition

 Closed transition

 Soft loading

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 Fuse
 Definition:
 Widely applied in low voltage distribution and control systems

 One key short-circuit protection device for a single electrical equipment.

Fuses

 Classification:
 Based on the breaking range: g (for full range breaking) and a (for partial
breaking)

 Based on the classification: G (common fuse) and M (for motor circuits)

 Feature parameters: Holders

 Rated voltage

 Rated current

 Rated breaking capability

 Time-Current feature
Pullers

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 Contents
1. Basic Concepts for Power Distribution

2. Low-Voltage Electrical Devices

3. Earthing system Introduction

4. Power Distribution Products Introduction

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 Earthing system Introduction
 Definition：
 To connect the metallic (conductive) Parts of an Electric appliance or installations to the earth (ground) is
called Earthing. IEC 60364 distinguishes three families of earthing arrangements, using the two-letter codes
TN, TT, and IT.

 The first letter indicates the connection between earth and the power-supply equipment (generator
or transformer):
 "T" — Direct connection of a point with earth (Latin: terra)
 "I" — No point is connected with earth (isolation), except perhaps via a high impedance.

 The second letter indicates the connection between earth and the electrical device being supplied:
 "T" — Earth connection is by a local direct connection to earth (Latin: terra), usually via a ground rod.
 "N" — Earth connection is supplied by the electricity supply Network, either as a separate protective earth (PE)
conductor or combined with the neutral conductor.

 Classification: TN( TN-C, TN-S,TN-C-S,) 、IT、TT.

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 Earthing system Introduction - TN (1)
 Definition：
 In a TN earthing system, one of the points in the generator or transformer is connected with earth, usually the star
point in a three-phase system. The body of the electrical device is connected with earth via this earth connection at the
transformer.

 Classification：
 TN−S：PE and N are separate conductors that are connected together only near the power source. This arrangement is
a current standard for most residential and industrial electric systems particularly in Europe.
 TN−C：combined PEN conductor fulfills the functions of both a PE and an N conductor.
 TN−C−S：combined PEN conductor from transformer to building distribution point, but separate PE and N conductors
in fixed indoor wiring and flexible power cords.

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 Earthing system Introduction - TN (2)

TN-S TN-C

TN-C-S

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 Earthing system Introduction - TT
 Definition：
 The TT system : Technique for the protection of persons: the exposed conductive parts are earthed and
residual current devices (RCDs) are used.

 Operating technique: interruption for the first insulation fault.

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 Earthing system Introduction - IT
 Definition：
 In an IT network, the electrical distribution system has no connection to earth at all, or it has only a
high impedance connection.

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 Contents
1. Basic Concepts for Power Distribution

2. Low-Voltage Electrical Devices

3. Earthing system Introduction

4. Power Distribution Products Introduction

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 Power Distribution Products Introduction (1)

DC PDF AC PDF

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 Power Distribution Products Introduction (2)

UPS5000-A
Series
(30-800kVA)
UPS5000-E
Series
(25-800kVA)

Integrated
UPS5000-E
UPS2000-G (40-
UPS2000-A Series 128kVA)
Series (1-20kVA)
(1-10kVA)

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 Power Distribution Products Introduction (3)
Power Distribution products in shelter

PMB
DCDB

ACDB

SPD

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 Quiz
1. Which of the following is not function of Low-Voltage Circuit Breakers ?
A. Switch

B. Overload protection

C. Short circuit protection

D. Transition

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 Summary
 Basic Concepts for Power Distribution

 Low-Voltage Electrical Devices

 Erthing system Introduction

 Power Distribution Products Introduction

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 More Information
 For more cases, see Unified Communications-Huawei Enterprise Technical Support.

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 Recommendations
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