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Learning Pack 1.2020 (Notes) : Fazida Bakri 2020 Ict

The document discusses safety rules and ergonomics for using computers, as well as providing an overview of computer hardware, software, and components. It defines computers as automatic machines that process data quickly and accurately to help store information and solve problems. The main parts of a computer are identified as the system unit, monitor, keyboard, mouse, and printer. Input and output devices are also defined.

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42 views

Learning Pack 1.2020 (Notes) : Fazida Bakri 2020 Ict

The document discusses safety rules and ergonomics for using computers, as well as providing an overview of computer hardware, software, and components. It defines computers as automatic machines that process data quickly and accurately to help store information and solve problems. The main parts of a computer are identified as the system unit, monitor, keyboard, mouse, and printer. Input and output devices are also defined.

Uploaded by

Norzida
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ICT YEAR 9D- LEARNING PACK 1.

2020 (NOTES)

Computer systems

1. Personal safety rules:


• Obtain teacher's permission before performing any activity in the laboratory.
• Report fire or accidents to your teacher immediately.
• Report to your teacher if you notice any broken plug or cables.
• Sit in front of your computer in the right posture.
• Avoid stepping on any wires or cables.
• Do not run, play, eat or drink in the laboratory.
• Do not open the system unit casing or monitor casing especially when the power
is ON.
• Do not insert any metal objects into the computer casings. It may cause fire.
• Do not touch, connect or disconnect any cable without teacher's permission.

2. Use this checklist as a guide to safe and healthy computing.

□ Sit comfortably at your desk.


□ The chair should suit the height of the desk.
□ Lower back, feet and thighs should be supported.
□ Knees bent at right angles.
□ Clearance between desk and thighs.
□ Monitor positioned centrally on the desk. □
□Minimise glare and reflections of monitor.
□ Your eyes should be approximately 50 cm away from your monitor.
□ Good lighting to comfortably read instructions without reflections on the screen.
□ Take regular breaks from looking at the monitor.
□ All electrical pads and plugs installed properly.
□ Keep fingers out of internal parts of the computer or peripherals.

3. Characteristics of a computer:
A Computer
• is an automatic machine.
• is a data processing machine that processes data quickly and accurately.
• is a tool we use to help us to work.
• helps us to store information, process data and solve problems.
• has no feelings or emotions like human beings.
• can recall any stored information when needed.
• has a storage capacity for storing data and instruction.
• cannot think on its own, but follows instructions.

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ICT YEAR 9D- LEARNING PACK 1.2020 (NOTES)

4. Computer Basics:
A computer system needs hardware and software to function.
Peripheral devices are to the system according to the needs of the user

(a) Hardware: Physical parts of the computer that we can see and touch.

Monitor: To display information


System Unit: To process data and instructions & To store data
Keyboard: To key in data and instructions
Mouse: To point, click and select menus and icons and
for onscreen navigation

(b) Software: A computer needs a set of instructions called a program, in order to


function. A computer programs are also known as software.

Microsoft office
CorelDraw
XBOX 360
Adobe Creative Suite

(c) Peripheral devices: Devices which can be connected to the system unit to enhance
its function. They are part of the hardware of a computer system.
printer
Webcam
Scanner
External Hard disk
Speakers

5. Types of computers:

Three main types of computers are Microcomputer, Minicomputer, Mainframe

(a) A Microcomputer is a
• smaller, single-user and slow computer, commonly known as pc.

Applications: Word Processing, Spreadsheet,


E-mail, Gaming,
Home entertainment

example: Desktops, Laptops, Notebooks, PDA and Palmtops

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ICT YEAR 9D- LEARNING PACK 1.2020 (NOTES)

(b) Minicomputers are


• multi-user computers.
• bigger in size.
• faster in speed.

Applications: Control Automated Teller Machines (ATM) at banks,


Hospital registration,
Inventory control at
supermarkets example: IBM 36, HP 9000

(c) Mainframes / super computers are


• multi-user computers.
• larger and faster than microcomputers.
• greater storage capacity than microcomputers.

Applications: Detect oil and gas fields, In Oil exploration,


Ticket reservation, Weather forecasting,
Space vehicle control

example: Cray-2, VAX 9000

6. The main parts of a computer are System unit, Monitor, keyboard, mouse, printer

7. A system is a group of components designed for a particular job.


example: CD (compact disk) player

8. Computers are data processing machines. Data processing involves 4 steps:


• Input, processing, output, storage

9. Two main groups of computers are


• General-purpose computers and Special-purpose computers

10. A General-purpose computer is


  
designed to do many kinds of jobs.
  
Usually cheaper.
 example: Desktop and Laptop computers used at home

11. A Special-purpose computer is


  
designed to do a specific job.
  
usually expensive.
example:ATM in banks, Computers in aircrafts, Traffic light system, Control
MRT train, Appliances with embedded chips

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ICT YEAR 9D- LEARNING PACK 1.2020 (NOTES)

12. Desktop computers

• are not portable.


• always have to be plugged into an AC Power outlet.

13. Laptop computers


• are portable.
• are equipped with a rechargeable battery.

14. An input device is


• any hardware device that sends data to the computer.
• a device without which users can interact with a computer.
example:keyboard, pointing devices (mouse, light pen, touchpad,
touchscreen), microphone, Joystick, scanner, barcode reader,
webcam, digital camera, MICR, OCR, OMR, etc.,

15. An output device


• displays information that has been held or generated within a computer or
• displays processed data from the system.
example: Monitor, Printer, Speaker, Plotter, etc.,

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ICT YEAR 9D- LEARNING PACK 1.2020 (NOTES)

16. The 'brain' of the computer is called a processor. Modern small processors
are called microprocessors (microchips). Microchips are made from silicon.

17. A Central Processing Unit (CPU)


• consists of Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU), Control unit and Memory unit.
• performs processing tasks.
• controls all peripherals.

18. Advantages of embedded computers (microchips) installed in household appliances


• They are Automatic, Cheaper,
• Programmable, Smaller and Portable
example:Calculator, washing machine, microwave, Telephone,
television, camera, dishwasher, car, etc.,

• The speed of a computer / processor is measured in Hertz (Hz).


Larger units are Kilohertz (KHz), Megahertz (MHz), Gigahertz (GHz)

19. Hardwares (Peripherals)


• are the different parts that make up a functioning computer.
• are different parts of the computer that you can see and touch.
example: Keyboard, Mouse, Printer, Monitor, etc

20. A hard copy is a printed copy of information from a computer.

21. A soft copy is an electronic copy of some type of data, such as a file viewed on a
computer's display or transmitted as an e-mail attachment.

FAZIDA BAKRI 2020 ICT 5

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